Κυριακή 31 Ιανουαρίου 2021

Type A aortic dissection developed after type B dissection with the presentation of shoulder pain: A case report.

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Type A aortic dissection developed after type B dissection with the presentation of shoulder pain: A case report.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):232-235

Authors: Yin XB, Wang XK, Xu S, He CY

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aortic dissection (AD) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate without immediate medical attention. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical in treating patients with AD. In the emergency department, patients with AD commonly present with classic symptoms of unanticipated severe chest or back pain. However, it is worth noting that atypical symptoms of AD are easily misdiagnosed.
CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old woman was first diagnosed with scapulohumeral periarthritis due to left shoulder pain. After careful examination of her previous medical history and contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography, the patient was diagnosed with a new type A AD after chronic type B dissection in the ascending aorta. The patient was successfully treated with surgical replacement of the dissected aortic arch and remains in good health.
CONCLUSION: New retrograde type A AD after chronic type B dissection is relatively rare. It is worth noting that a physician who has a patient with suspected AD should be vigilant. Both patient medical history and imaging tests are crucial for a more precise diagnosis.

PMID: 33511190 [PubMed]

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Hemosuccus pancreaticus caused by gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm associated with chronic pancreatitis: A case report and review of literature.

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Hemosuccus pancreaticus caused by gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm associated with chronic pancreatitis: A case report and review of literature.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):236-244

Authors: Cui HY, Jiang CH, Dong J, Wen Y, Chen YW

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a very rare but severe form of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The most common etiology is peripancreatic pseudoaneurysm secondary to chronic pancreatitis. Due to the rarity of gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms, most of the current literature consists of case reports. Limited knowledge about the disease causes diagnostic difficulty.
CASE SUMMARY: A 39-year-old man with a previous history of chronic pancreatitis was hospitalized due to hematemesis and melena for 2 wk, with a new episode lasting 1 d. Two weeks prior, the patient had visited a local hospital for repeated hematemesis and melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy indicated hemorrhage in the descending duodenum. The patient was discharged after the bleeding stopped, but hematemesis and hematochezia recurred. Bedside esophago-gastroduodenoscopy showed no obvious bleeding lesion. On admission to our hospital, he had hematemesis, hematochezia, left middle and upper abdominal pain, severe anemia, and elevated blood amylase. After admission, intermittent hematochezia was observed. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a pseudoaneurysm in the pancreas head. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis of gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully embolized with a coil and cyanoacrylate. No bleeding was observed afte r the operation. After discharge from the hospital, a telephone follow-up showed no further bleeding signs.
CONCLUSION: Hemosuccus pancreaticus caused by gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm associated with chronic pancreatitis is very rare. This diagnosis should be considered when upper gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain are intermittent. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography and angiography are important for diagnosis and treatment.

PMID: 33511191 [PubMed]

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Endoscopic treatment for acute appendicitis with coexistent acute pancreatitis: Two case reports.

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Endoscopic treatment for acute appendicitis with coexistent acute pancreatitis: Two case reports.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):245-251

Authors: Du ZQ, Ding WJ, Wang F, Zhou XR, Chen TM

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Appendectomy is the procedure of choice for the treatment of acute appendicitis. However, surgery may not be appropriate for patients with coexisting severe illness or comorbidities such as acute pancreatitis (AP). Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis treatment (ERAT) may be a novel alternative to surgery for treating such patients where existing medical therapies have failed.
CASE SUMMARY: We report 2 cases of moderately severe AP who developed acute uncomplicated appendicitis during their hospital stay and did not respond to traditional medical therapy. One patient had moderately severe AP due to hyperlipidemia, while the other patient had a gallstone induced by moderately severe AP. Neither patient was fit to undergo an appendectomy procedure because of the concurrent AP. Therefore, the alternative and minimally invasive ERAT was considered. After written informed consent was collected from the patients, the ERAT procedure was performed. Both patients exhibited fast postoperative recovery after ERAT with minimal surgical trauma.
CONCLUSION: ERAT is a safe and effective minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for acute appendicitis in patients with coexistent AP.

PMID: 33511192 [PubMed]

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Residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis after thermal ablation of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.

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Residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis after thermal ablation of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):252-261

Authors: Hua Y, Yang JW, He L, Xu H, Huo HZ, Zhu CF

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Debate exists regarding the use of thermal ablation (TA) to treat papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Some studies have recommended TA as a new, efficient and safe technology for PTC. In this article, we report one case of a residual tumor and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) after TA for PTC.
CASE SUMMARY: A 63-year-old female underwent bilateral ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation for PTC. Three months later, she was diagnosed as thyroid cancer with suspected CLNM by US and contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The subsequent fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies were negative. Due to her strong personal preference, she underwent total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection. Local tissue adhesion and a difficult dissection were noted during the operation. The pathology of the frozen sections during the operation was still negative. The final pathology results of paraffin-embedded sections revealed residual tumor cells at the edge of the PTC and CLNM.
CONCLUSION: TA may lead to a residual tumor in patients with PTC. Follow-up using US and FNA biopsy may not be adequate to evaluate the residual tumor. TA should be carefully considered in PTC treatment.

PMID: 33511193 [PubMed]

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Endoscopic salvage treatment of histoacryl after stent application on the anastomotic leak after gastrectomy: A case report.

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Endoscopic salvage treatment of histoacryl after stent application on the anastomotic leak after gastrectomy: A case report.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):262-266

Authors: Kim HS, Kim Y, Han JH

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic approach could effectively manage postoperative anastomotic leakage. Various endoscopic methods have been developed for the treatment of anastomotic leakage.
CASE SUMMARY: A 53-year-old woman developed anastomotic leak after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy. Endoscopic clip closure failed due to strong wall tension; therefore, a fully covered self-expandable esophageal metal stent (fc-SEMS) was placed to cover the leak after it was filled with a mixture of fibrin glue and histoacryl. However, fluoroscopy with gastrograffin showed dye leaking out of the fc-SEMS. Using the previous fluoroscopic image for guidance, a catheter was inserted at the leakage site. The radiocontrast dye was injected and was seen spreading along the sinus tract. Thereafter, histoacryl was injected. Seven days after the last procedure, upper gastrointestinal contrast studies showed no leaks. The patient was subsequently discharged 9 d after histoacryl injection without any complications.
CONCLUSION: To seal an anastomosis leak after stent application, salvage technique using histoacryl injection at the leakage site with fluoroscopy guidance could be considered cautiously.

PMID: 33511194 [PubMed]

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Immunosuppressant treatment for IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis: A case report.

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Immunosuppressant treatment for IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis: A case report.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):267-273

Authors: Kim JS, Choi WH, Lee KA, Kim HS

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-system fibroin-flammatory disorder that can involve any organ, including the salivary glands, pancreas, and biliary tree. Treatment of immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) is similar to that for IgG4-RD, but progression is irreversible in some cases. We present a case of IgG4-SC in which an immuno-suppressant induced marked clinical and radiologic improvement.
CASE SUMMARY: A 63-year-old male presented with a prominent itching sensation and wholebody jaundice. He showed obstructive-pattern jaundice, an elevated IgG4 level, and infiltration of a large number of IgG4-positive cells in the ampulla of Vater. The imaging findings of intrahepatic duct (IHD) and common bile duct dilation, an elevated serum IgG4 level, and characteristic histological findings led to diagnosis of IgG4-SC that compatible with the 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria. We planned to treat the patient with high-dose glucocorticoid (GC), followed by cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. After treatment with high-dose GC and an immunosuppressant, imaging studies showed that IHD dilatation had completely resolved.
CONCLUSION: Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment of IgG4-SC are important. Because there is a risk of relapse of IgG4-SC, the GC dose should be gradually reduced, and a maintenance immunosuppressant should be given.

PMID: 33511195 [PubMed]

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Intraparenchymal hemorrhage after surgical decompression of an epencephalon arachnoid cyst: A case report.

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Intraparenchymal hemorrhage after surgical decompression of an epencephalon arachnoid cyst: A case report.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):274-277

Authors: Wang XJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study reports the clinical presentation of intraparenchymal hemorrhage as a rare complication after surgical decompression of an intracranial epencephalon arachnoid cyst (IEAC) at the posterior cranial fossa.
CASE SUMMARY: The clinical information of a patient with an IEAC was reported, and the related literature was reviewed. A female patient with nausea presented to our hospital. Computed tomography demonstrated an IEAC located at the posterior cranial fossa, which was large and required surgical intervention. After operation, postoperative intraparenchymal hemorrhage was detected. She had a good recovery with conservative treatment 1 mo later.
CONCLUSION: Though postoperative intraparenchymal hemorrhage is rare after surgical decompression of an IEAC, more attention should be paid to such a complication.

PMID: 33511196 [PubMed]

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Krukenberg tumor with concomitant ipsilateral hydronephrosis and spermatic cord metastasis in a man: A case report.

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Krukenberg tumor with concomitant ipsilateral hydronephrosis and spermatic cord metastasis in a man: A case report.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):278-283

Authors: Tsao SH, Chuang CK

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tumors of the spermatic cord are rare, and approximately 25% are malignant neoplasms. Metastatic spermatic cord tumors are even rarer. Several studies have revealed that the most frequent primary tumors metastasizing to the spermatic cord and peritesticular tissues are neoplasms of the stomach and prostate. Furthermore, metastasis to the spermatic cord or epididymis may occur via retrograde lymphatic and hematic routes. We present the case of a man with gastric cancer that metastasized to the spermatic cord and epididymis, with concomitant ipsilateral hydronephrosis after surgical resection and chemotherapy for his primary tumor.
CASE SUMMARY: A 71-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy for pT4aN2 poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma in December 2016. Two months after surgery, he received adjuvant chemotherapy with TS-1 from February 2017 to February 2018. Surveillance computed tomography (CT) was performed in June 2018, which did not reveal any sign of tumor recurrence. In November 2019, he presented with left lower quadrant abdominal pain and a palpable left inguinal-scrotal mass. CT revealed left mild hydronephrosis and a left scrotal mass measuring 4.0 cm × 1.7 cm. Tumor biomarkers, including alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) were all normal. Renal and testicular echography showed left hydronephrosis and a left peritesticular soft tissue lesion with blood flow. Diagnostic ureteroscopy showed left lower ureter narrowing without an intraluminal lesion. A bi opsy was obtained for the indurated spermatic cord and epididymis, which showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the tumor was diffusely and strongly positive for homeobox protein CDX2. The features were consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma of a primary gastric tumor.
CONCLUSION: In patients with a history of primary cancer, an inguinal mass of unknown cause with accompanying ipsilateral hydronephrosis may be a sign of distant metastasis from a primary tumor, especially of gastrointestinal origin.

PMID: 33511197 [PubMed]

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Simultaneous bilateral acromial base fractures after staged reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A case report.

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Simultaneous bilateral acromial base fractures after staged reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A case report.

World J Clin Cases. 2021 Jan 06;9(1):284-290

Authors: Kim DH, Kim BS, Cho CH

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acromial and scapular spine fractures after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) are a well-known complication that may negatively impact the effects of long-term outcomes. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no report of simultaneous bilateral fractures of the acromion or scapular spine that occurred following staged RTSA.
CASE SUMMARY: A 79-year-old right-handed male visited our outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of pain and limited motion of both shoulder joints for a one-year duration. Based on plain radiographs and magnetic resonance images, the preoperative diagnosis was bilateral cuff tear arthropathy with failed rotator cuff repair. This patient was treated with staged bilateral RTSA at a two-month interval. At 5 and 3 mo after right and left side surgery, the patient returned to the outpatient clinic with severe pain and limited motion of both shoulder joints for 2 wk without a traumatic event. A computed tomography scan revealed non-displaced acromial base fractures of both shoulders. Considering bilateral involvement, fracture location, and patient's demand, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using plate for bilateral acromial base fractures were performed. At 2 years after ORIF, the fracture was completely healed, and the patient was satisfied with shoulder status.
CONCLUSION: This report describes an extremely rare case of simultaneous bilateral acromial base fractures after staged RTSA managed successfully by ORIF with a pre-contoured plate designed for distal clavicle fractures. Although acromial fracture after RTSA can be treated conservatively, simultaneous bilateral fractures may warrant surgical intervention as a means of addressing difficulties in activities of daily living.

PMID: 33511198 [PubMed]

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Efficacy of cartilage conduction hearing aids in children.

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Efficacy of cartilage conduction hearing aids in children.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jan 16;142:110628

Authors: Nishiyama T, Oishi N, Ogawa K

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Cartilage conduction hearing aids (CC-HAs) are novel hearing aids that use the third hearing pathway of cartilage conduction. We assessed the efficacy of CC-HAs and the hearing effects and safety of additional tape compression over the transducer in children with hearing loss.
METHODS: The patients (n = 42) underwent a one-month free trial of CC-HAs. Forty of them were patients with auditory canal atresia or stenosis. CC-HA-aided and unaided hearing thresholds (48 fitted ears) were determined using standard audiograms, after which participants could choose to purchase the device or not. We calculated the purchase rates and compared the patient characteristics between the purchase and non-purchase groups along with the purchase reason (or not). We applied additional tape compression over the CC-HA transducer and assessed the hearing effects and side effects.
RESULTS: CC-HA led to hearing improvements at all frequencies. Overall, 72.92% of participants purchased a CC-HA after the trial. By applying additional tape compression over the CC-HA transducer, the stability and hearing gains were improved mainly at low frequencies, and no side effects such as dermatitis were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: CC-HAs are efficacious in producing hearing improvements in children, especially in patients with atresia or canal stenosis who cannot use air conduction hearing aids. Furthermore, we found that the additional tape compression over the transducer was an easy and a safe method for improving the hearing effects and stability of the CC-HA.

PMID: 33494042 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Identification of Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator (PTGFRN) as an internalizable target in cancer cells for antibody-drug conjugate development

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journal.pone.0246197.g005&size=inline

by Jorge Marquez, Jianping Dong, Chun Dong, Changsheng Tian, Ginette Serrero

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are effective antibody-based therapeutics for hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors. However, there is need to identify new targets for ADCs, particularly for solid tumors and cancers with unmet needs. From a hybridoma library developed against cancer cells, we selected the mouse monoclonal antibody 33B7, which was able to bind to, and internalize, cancer cell lines. This antibody was used for identification of the target by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric analysis, followed by target validation. After target validation, 33B7 binding and target positivity were tested by flow cytometry and western blot analysis in several cancer cell lines. The ability of 33B7 conjugated to saporin to inhibit in vitro proliferation of PTFRN positive cell lines was investigated, as well as the 33B7 ADC in vivo effect on tumor growth in athymic mice. All flow cytometry and in vitro internalization assays were analyzed for statistical significanc e using a Welsh's T-test. Animal studies were analyzed using Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) utilizing post-hoc Bonferroni analysis, and/or Mixed Effects analysis. The 33B7 cell surface target was identified as Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator (PTGFRN), a transmembrane protein in the Tetraspanin family. This target was confirmed by showing that PTGFRN-expressing cells bound and internalized 33B7, compared to PTGFRN negative cells. Cells able to bind 33B7 were PTGFRN-positive by Western blot analysis. In vitro treatment PTGFRN-positive cancer cell lines with the 33B7-saporin ADC inhibited their proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion. 33B7 conjugated to saporin was also able to block tumor growth in vivo in mouse xenografts when compared to a control ADC. These findings show that screening antibody libraries for internalizing antibodies in cancer cell lines is a good approach to identify new cancer targets for ADC development. These results suggest PTGFRN is a possible therapeutic target via antibody-based approach for certain cancers.
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