Abstract We evaluated the impact of light‐scattering effects on spatial resolution in different SWIR sub‐regions by analyzing two SWIR emissive phantoms made of PDMS‐gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) composite covered with mice skin, or capillary tubes filled with Au NCs or IRDye 800CW at different depth in intralipids and finally, after administration of the Au NCs intravenously in mice. Our findings highlighted the benefit of working at the highest tested spectral range of the SWIR region with a 50%...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 16:11
Abstract Skin fibrosis is a debilitating feature of several systemic and dermatologic diseases. While current treatment options carry significant risk of side effects and recurrence, high‐fluence light emitting diode‐generated red light (LED‐RL) is an alternative therapeutic that is safe, non‐invasive, and accessible. We previously demonstrated LED‐RL decreases fibroblast proliferation, a key pathogenic component of fibrosis. However, the cellular mechanism by which high fluence LED‐RL modulates...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 17:25
Abstract Computational models of cellular structures generally rely on simplifying approximations and assumptions that limit biological accuracy. This study presents a comprehensive image processing pipeline for creating unified three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the cell cytoskeletal networks and nuclei. Confocal image stacks of these cellular structures were reconstructed to 3D isosurfaces (Imaris), then tessellations were simplified to reduce the number of elements in initial meshes by...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 17:20
Abstract Several quorum sensing systems occurring in Bacillus subtilis, e.g. Rap-Phr systems, were reported to interact with major regulatory proteins, such as ComA, DegU, and Spo0A, in order to regulate competence, sporulation, and synthesis of secondary metabolites. In this study, we characterized a novel Rap-Phr system, RapA4-PhrA4, in Bacillus velezensis NAU-B3. We found that the rapA4 and phrA4 genes were co-transcribed in NAU-B3. When rapA4 was expressed...
03:00
Abstract The red yeast (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa: Rho) has abundant extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and intracellular vesicles (Ves). This study explored the mechanisms of Rho to resist Cu toxicity from extracellular to intracellular, i.e., EPS, membrane, and Ves. The Cu2+ concentrations were set from 0 to 200 mg/L. In contrast to other heavy metals (e.g., Pb2+), low Cu2+ stress has no evident stimulation to EPS production. In particular, GSH content in EPS did not show...
03:00
Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal with no known biological function, and it can be highly bioavailable in terrestrial ecosystems. Although fungi are important contributors to a number of soil processes including plant nutrient uptake and decomposition, little is known about the effect of Hg on fungi. Fungi accumulate the largest amount of Hg and are the organisms capable of the highest bioaccumulation of Hg. While referring to detailed mechanisms...
03:00
Abstract Heterologous biosynthesis of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in yeast is a biotechnological process in Natural Product Biotechnology that was recently introduced. Based on heterologous genes from Cannabis sativa and Streptomyces spp. cloned into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the heterologous biosynthesis was fully embedded as a proof of concept. Low titer and insufficient biocatalytic rate of most enzymes require systematic optimization of recombinant catalyst by protein...
03:00
Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a molecule with the chemical formula C10H9NO2, with a demonstrated presence in various environments and organisms, and with a biological function in several of these organisms, most notably in plants where it acts as a growth hormone. The existence of microorganisms with the ability to catabolize or assimilate IAA has long been recognized. To date, two sets of gene clusters underlying this property in bacteria have...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of whey protein concentrate (WPC), native agave fructans (NAF), and their mixture (WPC-NAF, 1:1 w/w) as wall materials and evaluate the physicochemical properties and stability of encapsulated Enterococcus faecium during the spray drying, storage, and passage through the simulated gastrointestinal tests. The encapsulated microorganisms with WPC-NAF by spray drying showed greater viability (9.26 log CFU/g) and a higher...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Abstract Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are a family of non-heme iron oxidoreductases, which catalyze the addition of oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids. They have applications in the food and medical industries. In most studies, the soluble expression of LOXs in microbes requires low temperature (< 20 °C), which increases the cost and fermentation time. Achievement of soluble expression in elevated temperatures (> 30 °C) would shorten the production...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
The calculation of the basic rhythms multi‐channel EGG signals is performed by means of the noise‐assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA‐MEMD) and Hilbert‐Huang transform (HHT). This method is able to capture features of the signal which are mostly undetectable by standard EGG processing methods. The EGG dominant rhythm identification using the instantaneous, bradygastric and tachygastric indices provides new insights into biological EGG patterns. Abstract Background Electrogastrography...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 17:21
The painting from Elisabeth Lüderitz shows Dr. Carl Lüderitz standing to the right. Carl Lüderitz provided the first comprehensive description of peristalsis in 1889, 10 years before Bayliss and Starling described the peristaltic reflex. At that time, the peristaltic reflex was referred to as the Lüderitz–Bayliss–Starling reflex. This review provides a short biography of Dr. Carl Lüderitz, a translation of his 1889 paper, honors his contributions, and reviews the history of peristalsis. Abstract...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 17:03
Abstract Introduction Patients with esophageal symptoms often remain with an uncertain diagnosis after high‐resolution manometry. Aim To determine the added value of concomitant pressure and symptom analysis in response to a rapid drink challenge (RDC). Methods In consecutive patients referred for esophageal manometry, a RDC consisting in free drinking of 200 ml of water as quick as possible was performed after the standard single water swallows manometry. Both pressure patterns and...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 16:53
Visceral hypersensitivity, psychological distress and female gender are associated with gastrointestinal symptom severity in quiescent ulcerative colitis. Abstract Background A subset of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients in remission demonstrate IBS‐like symptoms. Visceral hypersensitivity is a key pathophysiological mechanism in IBS, but its relevance to IBS‐like symptoms in inactive UC remains unclear. Methods UC patients in remission (UCR) were screened for IBS‐like symptoms....
Fri Oct 09, 2020 12:52
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a widely used method of wound treatment. We performed a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the patient-relevant benefits and harms of N...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Within our inquiry into the implementation of breastfeeding policy in Malawi, Care Groups have been mentioned as a means to improve maternal and child health and nutrition outcomes. The ‘Care Group model’ is a...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Surgical specialities use extensive amounts of antimicrobials, and misuse has been widely reported, making them a key target for antimicrobial stewardship initiatives. Interventions informed by, and tailored t...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
We aimed to synthesise data on issues related to stakeholder perceptions of privacy, trust, and transparency in use of secondary data. A systematic literature review of healthcare consumer attitudes towards th...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 03:00
Adaptation to the local environment is a major driver of speciation. Yet, it remains largely unknown whether natural selection directly causes intrinsic reproductive isolation (hybrid sterility or inviability) between locally adapted populations. Here, we show that adaptive divergence in shoot gravitropism, the ability of a plants shoot to bend upwards in response to the downward pull of gravity, contributes to the evolution of intrinsic reproductive isolation in an Australian wildflower, Senecio...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Targeted sequencing using Angiosperms353 has emerged as a low-cost tool for phylogenetics, with early results spanning scales from all flowering plants to within genera. The use of universal markers at narrower scales- within populations- would eliminate the need for specific marker development while retaining the benefits of full-gene sequences. However, it is unclear whether the Angiosperms353 markers provide sufficient variation within species to calculate demographic parameters. Using herbarium...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
A large and rapidly expanding literature has grown out of the observation that humans carry a genetic legacy reflecting ancient inter-breeding with archaic hominins such as Neanderthals and Denisovans. However, a recent study suggests that a commonly used statistic used to assess legacy size, D, is driven mainly by heterozygous sites in Africa acting to increase divergence from our common ancestor rather than introgressed fragments outside Africa reducing divergence. To test this new model, I analysed...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Functional diversity in bacteria is introduced by lineage specific expansion or horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Using modular bacterial signaling systems as a template, we experimentally validate domain swapping of modular proteins as an extension of the HGT model. We take a computational approach to explore the domain architecture of two-component systems (TCS) in select Pseudomonads. We find a transcriptional effector domain swap that reconstructed a duplicated sigma54-dependent TCS to a sigma70-dependent...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Birth-death stochastic processes are the foundation of many phylogenetic models and are widely used to make inferences about epidemiological and macroevolutionary dynamics. There are a large number of birth-death model variants that have been developed; these impose different assumptions about the temporal dynamics of the parameters and about the sampling process. As each of these variants was individually derived, it has been difficult to understand the relationships between them as well as their...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Wrights inbreeding coefficient, FST, is a fundamental measure in population genetics. Assuming a predefined population subdivision, this statistic is classically used to evaluate population structure at a given genomic locus. With large numbers of loci, unsupervised approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) have, however, become prominent in recent analyses of population structure. In this study, we describe the relationships between Wrights inbreeding coefficients and PCA for a model...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Several hypotheses involving turnover, jumping master genes or occasional recombination explain the prevalence of undifferentiated sex chromosomes in poikilothermic vertebrates. Recent research has uncovered conserved heteromorphic or even homomorphic sex chromosomes in several clades of non-avian and non-mammalian vertebrates. Sex determination in sturgeons (Acipenseridae) has been a long-standing basic biological question, linked also to economical demands by the caviar-producing aquaculture. Here,...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Birth-death stochastic processes are the foundation of many phylogenetic models and are widely used to make inferences about epidemiological and macroevolutionary dynamics. There are a large number of birth-death model variants that have been developed; these impose different assumptions about the temporal dynamics of the parameters and about the sampling process. As each of these variants was individually derived, it has been difficult to understand the relationships between them as well as their...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
A common goal in evolutionary biology is to discern the mechanisms that produce the astounding diversity of morphologies seen across the tree of life. Aposematic species, those with a conspicuous phenotype coupled with some form of defense, are excellent models to understand the link between vivid color pattern variations, the natural selection shaping it, and the underlying genetic mechanisms underpinning this variation. Mimicry systems in which multiple species share the same conspicuous phenotype...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Over time, populations of species can expand, contract, fragment and become isolated, creating subpopulations that must adapt to local conditions. Understanding how species maintain variation after divergence as well as adapt to these changes in the face of gene flow, is of great interest, especially as the current climate crisis has caused range shifts and frequent migrations for many species. Here, we characterize how a mycophageous fly species, Drosophila innubila, came to inhabit and adapt to...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Genetic alterations that drive clonal expansions in ostensibly healthy tissues have implications for cancer risk. However, the total rate at which clonal expansions occur in healthy tissues remains unknown. Synonymous passenger mutations that hitchhike to high variant allele frequency due to a linked driver mutation can be used to estimate the total rate of positive selection across the genome. Because these synonymous hitchhikers are influenced by all mutations under selection, regardless of type...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Laboratory experimental evolution provides a window into the details of the evolutionary process. To investigate the consequences of long-term evolutionary adaptation, we evolved 205 S. cerevisiae populations (124 haploid and 81 diploid) for ~10,000 generations in three environments. We measured the dynamics of fitness changes over time, finding repeatable patterns of declining adaptability. Sequencing revealed that this phenotypic adaptation is coupled with a steady accumulation of mutations, widespread...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Decision tree algorithms are rarely utilized in paleontological research, and here we show that machine learning algorithms can be used to identify determinants of extinction as well as predict extinction risk. This application of decision tree algorithms is important because the ecological selectivity of mass extinctions can reveal critical information on organismic traits as key determinants of extinction and hence the causes of extinction. To understand which factors led to the mass extinction...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Puddle frogs of the Phrynobatrachus steindachneri species complex are a useful group for investigating speciation and phylogeography in Afromontane forests of the Cameroon Highlands (Cameroon Volcanic Line) in western Central Africa. The species complex is represented by six morphologically relatively cryptic mitochondrial DNA lineages, with only two of them distinguished at the species level, southern P. jimzimkusi and Lake Oku endemic P. njiomock, leaving the remaining four lineages with a pooled...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Psittacula cyanocephala is a parakeet endemic to the Indian sub-continent, widespread in the illegal bird trade . Previous studies on Psittacula parakeets have highlighted taxonomic ambiguities, warranting further studies to resolve such issues. Since the mitochondrial genome provides useful information about a species concerning its evolution and phylogenetics, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of P. cyanocephala using NGS, validated 38.86% of the mitogenome using Sanger Sequencing and compared...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 03:00
Courtship displays are dramatic examples of complex behaviors that vary within and among species. Evolutionary explanations for this diversity rely upon genetic variation, yet the heritability of complex phenotypes is seldom investigated in the field. Here, we estimate genomic heritability of advertisement song and body condition in a wild population of singing mice. The heritability of song exhibits a systematic pattern, with high heritability for spectral characteristics linked to vocal morphology,...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 03:00
Plants and their specialized flower visitors provide valuable insights into the evolutionary consequences of species interactions. In particular, antagonistic interactions between insects and plants have often been invoked as a major driver of diversification. Here we use a tropical community of palms and their specialized insect flower visitors to test whether antagonisms lead to higher population divergence. Interactions between palms and the insects visiting their flowers range from brood pollination...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 03:00
Hepatitis C virus (HCV; genus Hepacivirus) represents a major public health problem, infecting about 3 % of the human population ({+/-} 185,000,000 people). Because no plausible animal reservoir carrying closely related hepaciviruses has been identified, the zoonotic origins of HCV still remain elusive. Motivated by recent findings of divergent hepaciviruses in rodents and a plausible African origin of HCV genotypes, we have screened a comprehensive collection of small mammals samples from seven...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Mammals are unique in provisioning their offspring with milk, lactiferous nourishment produced in glandular organs called mammae. Mammae number is hypothesized to coevolve with litter size, acting as a constraint on offspring survival. However, predicted canonical relations between mammae number and litter size (i.e., the one-half and identity rules) are untested across Mammalia. Here we analyze data for 2,301 species and show how these characters coevolve. In Mammalia, mammae number approximates...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Gene transfer agents (GTAs) are virus-like particles encoded and produced by many bacteria and archaea. Unlike viruses, GTAs package fragments of the host genome instead of the genes that encode the components of the GTA itself. As a result of this non-specific DNA packaging, GTAs can transfer genes within bacterial and archaeal communities. GTAs clearly evolved from viruses and are thought to have been maintained in prokaryotic genomes due to the advantages associated with their DNA transfer capacity....
Fri Oct 09, 2020 03:00
Wright's inbreeding coefficient, Fst, is a fundamental measure in population genetics. Assuming a predefined population subdivision, this statistic is classically used to evaluate population structure at a given genomic locus. With large numbers of loci, unsupervised approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) have, however, become prominent in recent analyses of population structure. In this study, we describe the relationships between Wright's inbreeding coefficients and PCA for a model...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 03:00
Tracking genetic changes of populations through time allows a more direct study of the evolutionary processes acting on the population than a single contemporary sample. Several statistical methods have been developed to characterize the demography and selection from temporal population genetic data. However, these methods are usually developed under the assumption of outcrossing reproduction and might not be applicable when there is substantial selfing in the population. Here, we focus on a method...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 03:00
Hybrid zones that result from secondary contact between diverged populations offer unparalleled insight into the genetic architecture of emerging reproductive barriers and so shed light on the process of speciation. Natural selection and recombination jointly determine their dynamics, leading to a range of outcomes from finely fragmented mixtures of the parental genomes that facilitate introgression to a situation where strong selection against recombinants retains large unrecombined genomic blocks...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is both an important crop and a model for domestication studies. Here we performed a time course experiment to estimate standardized gene expression profiles across fruit development for six domesticated and four wild chili pepper ancestors. We sampled the transcriptome every 10 days, from flower to fruit at 60 Days After Anthesis (DAA), and found that the mean standardized expression profile for domesticated and wild accessions significantly differed. The mean standardized...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 03:00
The hologenome theory suggests that holobionts (host plus symbiont) with hosts that are only able to adapt slowly may be able to persist in deteriorating environmental conditions via rapid adaptation of their microbial symbionts. The effectiveness of such symbiont adaptation may vary depending on whether symbionts are passed directly to offspring (vertical transmission) or acquired from the environment (horizontal transmission). However, it has been suggested that holobionts with horizontal transmission...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Abstract Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease in which epidermal melanocytes are targeted for destruction by CD8+ T cells specific for melanocyte/melanoma‐shared antigens. IFNγ is the central cytokine driving disease but the role of type I IFN in vitiligo remains unclear. We investigated the functional role of type I IFN during vitiligo progression using two different mouse models; one induced with a vaccinia virus (VV) vaccine and one induced with dendritic cells to prime autoimmune T cells....
Sat Oct 10, 2020 20:16
Most studies of ecological specialization measure fitness, but neglect its underlying traits. Our experimental evolution study shows that traits can have their own trade‐off shapes between environments. Traits with strong trade‐offs can prevent the evolution of generalism, while traits with weak trade‐offs can obscure this constraint in the fitness measurements. Abstract It is often difficult to determine why parasites do not evolve broader niches, especially when there are closely related...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 18:35
Abstract Sperm velocity is a key trait that predicts the outcome of sperm competition. By promoting or impeding sperm velocity females can control fertilisation via postcopulatory cryptic female choice. In Chinook salmon, ovarian fluid (OF), which surrounds the ova, mediates sperm velocity according to male and female identity, biasing the outcome of sperm competition toward males with faster sperm. Past investigations have revealed proteomic variation in OF, but the specific components of OF that...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 12:36
Abstract Working memory (WM) is an online memory system that is critical for holding information in a rapidly accessible state during ongoing cognitive processing. Thus, there is strong value in methods that provide a temporally resolved index of WM load. While univariate EEG signals have been identified that vary with WM load, recent advances in multivariate analytic approaches suggest that there may be rich sources of information that do not generate reliable univariate signatures. Here, using...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 18:00
Abstract Numerous investigators have tested contentions that angry faces capture early attention more completely than happy faces do in the context of other faces. However, syntheses of studies on early event‐related potentials related to the anger superiority hypothesis have yet to be conducted, particularly in relation to the N200 posterior‐contralateral (N2pc) component which provides a reliable electrophysiological index related to orienting of attention suitable for testing this hypothesis....
Sun Oct 11, 2020 17:48
Abstract Mindfulness includes acceptance and awareness subcomponents, and emerging theories imply that cultivating both acceptance and awareness may benefit health by diminishing stress reactivity. Yet, no prior work has examined the effects of mindful acceptance and awareness on cardiovascular markers of threat and challenge—cardiac output and total peripheral resistance—despite the unique insights these indices yield into stress‐related evaluations and motivation. The current research integrates...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 17:46
Abstract Prominent theory suggests that factor one psychopathic traits may develop from increased input from hormones in the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis (HPG; i.e., testosterone) and decreased input from the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA; i.e., cortisol). Although there are extensive findings connecting low cortisol to psychopathy, less support has emerged for high levels of testosterone. This study examined whether incorporating the HPG hormone, estradiol, into this model would...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 17:45
Abstract Significant health disparities exist between African Americans (AA) and European Americans (EA) in hypertension and hypertension‐related disorders. Evidence suggests that this is due to impaired vasodilation in AAs. Pregnancy is a potent systemic vasodilatory state. However, differences in vasodilation between AAs and EAs have not been investigated in pregnancy. We sought to examine the effects of pregnancy on vasodilation in AA and EA women and how this might be related to discrimination...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 17:38
Abstract Understanding the association between autonomic nervous system [ANS] function and brain morphology across the lifespan provides important insights into neurovisceral mechanisms underlying health and disease. Resting‐state ANS activity, indexed by measures of heart rate [HR] and its variability [HRV] has been associated with brain morphology, particularly cortical thickness [CT]. While findings have been mixed regarding the anatomical distribution and direction of the associations, these...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 13:44
Abstract Effort during listening is commonly measured using the task‐evoked pupil response (TEPR); a pupillometric marker of physiological arousal. However, studies to date report no association between TEPR and perceived effort. One possible reason for this is the way in which self‐report effort measures are typically administered, namely as a single data point collected at the end of a testing session. Another possible reason is that TEPR might relate more closely to the experience of tiredness...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 19:12
Inhibition of Chk1 by miR-320c increases oxaliplatin responsiveness in triple-negative breast cancer
Oncogenesis, Published online: 11 October 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-00275-xInhibition of Chk1 by miR-320c increases oxaliplatin responsiveness in triple-negative breast cancer
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Oncogenesis, Published online: 10 October 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-00274-yTargeting IL-3Rα on tumor-derived endothelial cells blunts metastatic spread of triple-negative breast cancer via extracellular vesicle reprogramming
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
TAp63α targeting of Lgr5 mediates colorectal cancer stem cell properties and sulforaphane inhibition
Oncogenesis, Published online: 10 October 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-00273-zTAp63α targeting of Lgr5 mediates colorectal cancer stem cell properties and sulforaphane inhibition
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Abstract Introduction To extra validate and evaluate the reproducibility of a commercial deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) algorithm for pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs (CRs) and to compare its performance with radiologists. Methods This retrospective study enrolled 434 CRs (normal to abnormal ratio, 246:188) from 378 patients that visited a tertiary hospital. DCNN performance was compared with two radiology residents and two thoracic radiologists. Abnormality assessment (using...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 18:45
Abstract Background Egg allergy affects almost 1 in 10 Australian infants. Early egg introduction has been associated with a reduced risk in developing egg allergy, however the immune mechanisms underlying this protection remain unclear. Objective To examine the role of regulatory immune cells in tolerance induction during early egg introduction. Methods Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained from infants from 2 randomized controlled trials of early...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 14:55
Abstract Eosinophilic airway inflammation is one of the cardinal features of allergic airway diseases such as atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis. These childhood‐onset conditions are mediated by allergen and allergen‐specific IgE and often accompanied by other allergic diseases including food allergy and eczema. They can develop consecutively in the same patient, which is referred to as an allergic march. In contrast, some phenotypes of asthma, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs‐exacerbated airway...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 14:35
Abstract Background The missing asymptomatic COVID‐19 infections have been overlooked because of the imperfect sensitivity of the nucleic acid testing (NAT). Globally understanding the humoral immunity in asymptomatic carriers will provide scientific knowledge for developing serological tests, improving early identification, and implementing more rational control strategies against the pandemic. Measure Utilizing both NAT and commercial kits for serum IgM and IgG antibodies, we extensively...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:34
Abstract Although genetic factors play a role in the etiology of atopic disease, the rapid increases in the prevalence of these diseases over the last few decades suggest that environmental, rather than genetic factors are the driving force behind the increasing prevalence. In modern societies, there is increased time spent indoors, use of antibiotics, and consumption of processed foods and decreased contact with farm animals and pets, which limit exposure to environmental allergens, infectious...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 18:52
Abstract Background Common ragweed has been spreading as a neophyte in Europe. Elevated CO2 levels, a hallmark of global climate change, have been shown to increase ragweed pollen production, but its effects on pollen allergenicity remains to be elucidated. Methods Ragweed was grown in climate‐controlled chambers under normal (380 ppm, control) or elevated (700 ppm, based on RCP4.5 scenario) CO2 levels. Aqueous pollen extracts (RWE) from control‐ or CO2‐pollen were administered in vivo...
Fri Oct 09, 2020 18:44
Abstract The development of the European training requirements (ETR) for medical specialties in Europe is regulated by the Union Europeénne des Médecins Spécialistes (UEMS), a non‐governmental organisation representing national associations of medical specialists at European Level. The training requirements of the specialty of Allergology were developed in 1994, amended in 1997, 2001, 2002 and 2003 and published in 2004 (1) . Seventeen years after, we present an update of the ETR for the specialty...
Thu Oct 08, 2020 12:30
Background Solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) in the murine nasal epithelium are discrete specialized cells that respond to irritants and activate trigeminal nerve fibers through the release of acetylcholine (ACh), resulting in local neurogenic inflammation. In addition to releasing ACh, SCCs are the exclusive epithelial source of interleukin (IL)‐25. In humans, SCCs are significantly expanded in sinonasal polyps (NPs). However, the SCC‐trigeminal synapse has yet to be demonstrated in human sinonasal...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 19:19
The study by Huang et al. titled “Preliminary experience with promethazine hydrochloride injection in the sclerotherapy of oral mucocele” aimed to assess the short-term efficacy and safety of administering promethazine hydrochloride injections to treat oral mucoceles1. It is an interesting and unique study that gives us significant data regarding the efficacy of promethazine hydrochloride in the treatment of mucoceles of the minor salivary glands1.
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
Maxillary skeletal deficiency secondary to cleft lip and palate (CLP) remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to present the comprehensive skeletal, dental and facial aesthetic outcomes of anterior maxillary segmental distraction osteogenesis (AMSDO) for treatment of maxillary hypoplasia in patients with CLP. Twelve patients with maxillary hypoplasia treated with AMSDO by a customized tooth-borne distractor were included. Three-dimensional changes of anterior maxillary segment,...
Sun Oct 11, 2020 03:00
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a lateral window approach for removal of benign minor sinus pathologies combined with transcrestal sinus floor elevation. From 2014 to 2018, all patients who received sinus pathology removal via a lateral window approach combined with transcrestal sinus floor elevation were screened. The serous exudate or minor sinus pathology was drained or removed via lateral window approach. Subsequently, transcrestal sinus floor elevation...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose To evaluate and to compare the marginal and the internal fit of milled (MLE) and heat‐pressed lithium disilicate endocrowns (PLE). Materials and Methods Thirty mandibular molars were prepared following the circumferential butt margin endocrown preparations; the cervical margin is parallel to the occlusal surface without ferrule design. A digital scan of molars was made using an intraoral digital scanner. The samples were separated into two groups (n = 15 per group); MLE:...
Sat Oct 10, 2020 11:24
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Zhifen Qian, Jing Wang
Sun Oct 11, 2020 22:33
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Kennedy Carpenter, Tess Decater, Joe Iwanaga, Christopher M. Maulucci, C.J. Bui, Aaron S. Dumont, R. Shane Tubbs
Sun Oct 11, 2020 22:33
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Kavelin Rumalla, Michelle Lin, Li Ding, Monica Gaddis, Steven Giannotta, Frank Attenello, William Mack
Sun Oct 11, 2020 22:33
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Anchalee Churojana, Ittichai Sakarunchai, Thaweesak Aurboonyawat, Ekawut Chankaew, Pattarawit Withayasuk, Boonrerk Sangpetngam
Sun Oct 11, 2020 22:33
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Benjamin Pommier, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Cédric Barrey
Sun Oct 11, 2020 22:33
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Ryu SAITO, Nobuo SENBOKUYA, Takashi YAGI, Hideyuki YOSHIOKA, Kazuya KANEMARU, Hiroyuki KINOUCHI
Sun Oct 11, 2020 22:33
Publication date: January 2021Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 145Author(s): Aria Mahtabfar, Jacob Mazza, Daniel Franco, Glenn A. Gonzalez, Kevin Hines, Nohra Chalouhi, Pascal Jabbour, James Harrop, Joshua Heller
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Samer S. Hoz, Zahraa F. Al-Sharshahi, Ali A. Dolachee, Ammar M. Al- Smaysim, Wamedh E. Matti, Ali Bydon, Hussein J. Kadhum
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Elise J. Yoon, Doris Tong, Gustavo M. Anton, Jacob M. Jasinski, Chad F. Claus, Teck M. Soo, Prashant S. Kelkar
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Tianyuan Zhang, Yong Qiu, Zezhang Zhu, Yang Yu, Bin Wang, Jun Jiang
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Yuhei Michiwaki, Tatsuya Tanaka, Tomihiro Wakamiya, Yusuke Tabei, Kazuhiro Samura, Eiichi Suehiro, Masatou Kawashima
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Khalid Mahmood Malik, Madan Krishnamurthy, Fakhare Alam, Hesham Zakaria, Ghaus Malik
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): A. Scott Emmert, Ahmed E. Hussein, Olesia Slobodian, Bryan Krueger, Ruchi Bhabhra, Matthew C. Hagen, Sarah Pickle, Jonathan Forbes
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Ufuk Erginoglu, Sima Sayyahmelli, Mustafa K. Baskaya
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): George K. Vilanilam, Vibhor Wadhwa, Rangarajan Purushothaman, Shivang Desai, Mudassar Kamran, Martin G. Radvany
Sat Oct 10, 2020 21:28
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Shiguo Zhang, Qingtai Li, Fang Zhang, Hongfen Xu, Huijuan Gao
Fri Oct 09, 2020 18:33
Publication date: Available online 8 October 2020Source: World NeurosurgeryAuthor(s): Juan C. Mejia-Munne, Michael W. Robinson, Mark E. Magner, Monir Tabbosha
Fri Oct 09, 2020 18:33
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