Assessment of awareness among diabetic patients of their risk for oral disease as complication associated with diabetics at Patliputra Medical College And Hospital, Dhanbad Animesh Kumar Shivam, Azam Farrukh, Rajarshi Bhushan International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research 2019 6(2):29-31 Aim: To assess the awareness of diabetic patients of their risk for oral disease as a complication associated with diabetics. Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defective secretion or activity of insulin. Type II diabetes is a common disorder with concomitant oral manifestation that impacts dental care. Evidence shows that many patients are unaware of the effects of diabetes mellitus on oral health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among adult dental patients attending a tertiary care hospital of Bengaluru city. A total of 172 patients were included in the study. Results: Of 172 patients, 120 (69.7%) were male and 52 (30.3%) were female. Among 172 patients, 87 (50%) were aware that diabetes is more prone to oral diseases. Ninety-one (52%) of the study participants did not know that diabetes affects gingiva. Ninety-one (52%) of individuals knew that diabetes causes delay in wound healing. Eighty-one percent of the participants self-rated their mouth as good. Conclusion: Diabetic patients are less aware of their risk for dental diseases. Thus, it is necessary for dental professionals and related government agencies to promote awareness of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and oral health to prevent harmful complications on oral health.

Effects of chronic periodontitis in serum ferritin levels before and 1 month after nonsurgical periodontal therapy: An intervention study N Thounaojam International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research 2019 6(2):32-34 Introduction: Elevated serum ferritin levels may be associated with chronic periodontitis (CP), and change in serum ferritin levels may be reflected in response to periodontal therapy. The aim of the present study is to identify the causal relationship if any between CP and serum ferritin levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients in the age group of 25–60 years were recruited from the Outpatient Department of Periodontics, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital Agalakote, Tumkur. Along with all the clinical parameters, each patient's blood was collected for in vitro assessment of serum ferritin levels at baseline and 1 month after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Results: The mean reduction in serum ferritin levels from baseline and 1 month after nonsurgical periodontal treatment in CP patients was statistically highly significant. On comparison between normal healthy individuals, the mean difference in serum ferritin levels in CP patients was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: With the result obtained, serum ferritin levels can be used as a biomarker in evaluating the effectiveness of periodontal therapy. More interventional studies with larger sample size and long-term studies are needed to evaluate serum ferritin levels can be used as a biomarker for CP patients.

Postoperative evaluation, after surgical removal of mandibular third molar, with and without local administration of injection dexamethasone 8 mg: A comparative study Nithin Mathew Cherian, Ahkin John George, Anju Samuel Panackel, Rino Roopak Sman, Annie V Issac International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research 2019 6(2):35-38 Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the relative ability of 8 mg dose of intraoperative dexamethasone, to reduce the postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty patients required surgical removal of a single mandibular third molar. Two operators concluded the study on sixty patients with an impacted third molar, with each operator having thirty patients, of which 15 were administered injection dexamethasone 8 mg at the site of surgery 30 min prior to the surgical removal of the impacted tooth. The maximum interincisal distance and facial contours were measured at baseline and at postsurgery days 1 and 7 to check edema. Results: None of the patients developed wound infection or any serious postoperative complications. It was observed that the patients with intravenous steroids had very minimal postoperative swelling (within Grade 1) compared to the Sample B (Grades 2 and 3), but the bleeding and postoperative pain after 24 h were slightly more compared to the Sample B, wound healing was much delayed and suture removal on the 12th day. Conclusion: Dexamethasone (8 mg) is effective in reducing postoperative discomfort after third molar surgeries.

Evaluation of fixed partial dentures' complications among patients attending a dental college in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Ravindra Mandanbhai Chavda, Ronak Choksi, Kinjal Solanki, Rajendra P Bharatiya, Rahul Rupapara, Monika Khatri International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research 2019 6(2):39-41 Introduction: Fixed partial denture (FPD) is the term used for denoting partial dentures that are cemented to the natural teeth or root, thereby furnishing and providing primary prosthetic support. Prosthetic failure in patients rehabilitated with dental treatment can affect the periodontal health of the abutment teeth. Aim and Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the FPD's complications among patients attending a dental college in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among patients who visited the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, AMC Dental College and Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, as outpatients from March 2018 to August 2018. A total of 300 patients were randomly selected and interviewed. Results: Regarding the nature of problems faced with the FPD and crown wearers, 64% of them reported with looseness and repeated dislodgement, whereas 36% of them had no such complaints. The second most common problem encountered with the patients was inability to maintain proper oral hygiene. Nearly 54% of the patients found it difficult to maintain oral hygiene. Conclusions: Knowledge regarding the clinical FPD complications enhances dentists' ability to complete a thorough diagnosis, develop the most appropriate treatment plan for patients, communicate realistic expectations to patients, and plan time intervals needed for posttreatment care in the dental institutions.

Prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in South Gujarat population Sweta Shah, Neelampari Parikh, Deepali Ayre, Hemali Patel, Rakesh Sutariya, Pandya Sajankumar Rakesh International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research 2019 6(2):42-45 Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at specific anatomic sites or within specific age or gender groups and the correlation between various forms of tobacco usage in South Gujarat population. Methodology: The study covers the period from January 2016 to January 2018. OSCC cases who reported to the Bharat Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Saroli, Surat, Gujarat, were analyzed for age, sex, site, and habits. The findings were formulated to chart the prevalence in South Gujarat population. Results: The study revealed that males represented a higher proportion than females, i.e., 79% of males and 21% of females, with the highest incidence of OSCC developing in the fourth and fifth decades of life, whereas recently a shift was also observed in terms of age group as 23 patients were falling into younger age group (20–30 years), which is an alarming factor. Overall, the most common site was buccal mucosa followed by tongue and lower alveolus. Smokeless tobacco habit was more prevalent than smoking tobacco habit. Conclusion: Close follow-up and education about the harmful and carcinogenic effects of tobacco and alcohol should be provided on a larger scale and broader population.

Rapid prototyping: An innovative technique in prosthodontics Aboobacker S Akhila, B Nandakishore, Mathew Miriam, Subash K Anil, Mohan Abhinav, Aboobacker Fares International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research 2019 6(2):46-48 The first method for rapid prototyping was introduced in the 1980s in the field of engineering for the fabrication of a solid model based on a computed file. The innovation of digital technology have revolutionized dentistry, and this digitized medical treatment. Rapid prototyping is a type of computer aided manufacturing that make physical objects from computer data. It is a technology that is capable of making physical objects directly from 3D computer data by adding a layer upon layer and 3D physical structures are known as rapid prototypes. These includes steriolithography, selective laser sintering, 3D Printers and fused deposition modeling. Rapid prototyping are used in various branches of prosthodontics like Implantology, fabrication of cowns and bridges, mold for complete dentures and in maxillofacial prosthodontics. Fabrication of prosthesis by these technologies have reduced reliance on human variables and thus have overcome the limitations of conventional method which requires considerable human intervention. RP techniques are increasingly playing an imperative role in dentistry and will become one of the mainstream technologies for digital fabrication of dental prostheses in near future.

Evidence-based dental practice and clinical diagnosis Deepti Singh Hada, Akanksha Srivastava International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research 2019 6(2):49-52 Evidence-based dentistry and its application in making diagnosis result in a significant reduction of errors. The frequency of errors depends not only on accuracy of a diagnostic pathological test but also on the prior chance of disease being present. For deciding the usefulness of diagnostic test, an added component to take into account is the relative value of the probable health states resulting from diagnosis and therapy. These can be determined by information obtained from the patient and the numerical values of the probable dental health status with the help of a visual analogue scale (VAS) technique. Clinical decision analysis can then be accomplished to calculate the applicable diagnostic approach for the patient. Clinical decision analysis is commencing to imprint the development of guidelines for the diagnostic convenience of radiographs although its further use in dentistry needs refinement and development.