31.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1499-1505. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11630.
The Role of Fgf Signaling on Epithelial Cell Differentiation in Mouse Vagina.
Hirano YU1, Suzuki K1, Iguchi T2, Yamada G3, Miyagawa S4.
Author information
1
Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
2
Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
3
Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan miyagawa@rs.tus.ac.jp genyama77@yahoo.co.jp.
4
Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan miyagawa@rs.tus.ac.jp genyama77@yahoo.co.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
The mouse vagina exhibits stratified squamous epithelium, which is comprised of multiple cell layers. We previously showed that erbB signaling, induced by epithelial estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), is required for the initial differentiation of the epithelium. However, the downstream effector that mediates terminal differentiation in the apical layers remains elusive. The contribution of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to vaginal epithelial cell differentiation was investigated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Vaginas from wild-type or epithelium-specific Esr1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time RT-PCR.
RESULTS:
Of the FGF ligands examined, Fgf22 mRNA was significantly induced following estrogen treatment. Furthermore, FGF downstream signaling, phosphorylated FRS2 and ERK1/2 were exclusively expressed in the apical layers of the vaginal epithelium. No changes in such expression were observed in the Esr1 cKO mice.
CONCLUSION:
FGF-ERK/MAPK pathway may be a main inducer of terminal differentiation in the mouse vaginal epithelium.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Estrogen receptor; epithelium; fibroblast growth factors; keratinization; vagina
PMID: 31471398 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11630
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32.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1493-1497. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11629.
Enhanced NLRP3 and DEFA1B Expression During the Active Stage of Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's Disease.
Ugurel E1, Erdag E2, Kucukali CI2, Olcay A1, Sanli E2, Akbayir E2, Kurtuncu M3, Gunduz T3, Yilmaz V2, Tuzun E4, Vural B1.
Author information
1
Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
2
Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
3
Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
4
Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey drerdem@yahoo.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Neurological symptoms (neuro-Behçet's disease; NBD) occur in a fraction of Behçet's disease (BD) patients and often present with parenchymal brain lesions and clinical exacerbations. Our aim was to identify genes associated with attack and remission periods of NBD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Microarray analysis was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples obtained during attack and remission periods of five NBD patients. Expression levels of the most significantly up-regulated genes were measured with real-time PCR using PBMC samples of 15 NBD patients and 20 healthy controls.
RESULTS:
During NBD attacks, the most remarkably up-regulated genes were defensin alpha 1B (DEFA1B) and NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Real time PCR studies showed significantly increased DEFA1B and NLRP3 expression levels during attacks.
CONCLUSION:
Immunological factors showing the most significant increase in expression during NBD attacks were primarily associated with innate immunity functions. DEFA1B and NLRP3 can be used as biomarkers for estimation of disease activity in NBD.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Behçet's disease; inflammation; innate immunity; microarray; neuro-Behçet's disease
PMID: 31471397 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11629
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33.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1485-1492. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11628.
Targeted Sequencing of Tubo-ovarian and Peritoneal High-grade Serous Carcinoma With Wild-type p53 Immunostaining Pattern.
Kim HN1, Woo HY2, DO SI3, Kim HS4.
Author information
1
Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
2
Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
3
Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea hyun-soo.kim@samsung.com sungim.do@samsung.com.
4
Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea hyun-soo.kim@samsung.com sungim.do@samsung.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
We aimed to demonstrate the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to confirm the presence of tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations in tubo-ovarian and peritoneal high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) with a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern and investigate whether the TP53 mutational status is altered by chemotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A commercial NGS panel comprising 171 genes was used to analyze the genetic profiles of 15 HGSC samples. Paired specimens obtained before and after chemotherapy were available for four patients.
RESULTS:
All examined samples exhibited TP53 mutations. For all the patients who underwent neoadjuvant or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, TP53 mutations identified in samples obtained after chemotherapy were the same as those detected in pre-chemotherapeutic samples.
CONCLUSION:
HGSCs exhibit TP53 mutations even though a subset of HGSCs displayed a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern. Chemotherapy does not affect the TP53 mutational status in HGSC.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Ovary; TP53; high-grade serous carcinoma; immunohistochemistry; next-generation sequencing; p53
PMID: 31471396 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11628
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34.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1477-1484. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11627.
Intra-vital Observation of Lung Water Retention Following Intravenous Injection of Anti-MHC-class I (H-2K) Monoclonal Antibody in Mice.
Ochi H1, Iijima T2, Ushiyama A3.
Author information
1
Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Showa University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
2
Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Showa University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan iijima@dent.showa-u.ac.jp.
3
Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Leukocyte activation is thought to be a major step in sepsis-induced pulmonary edema. We attempted to confirm whether pulmonary edema can be reproduced under intravital microscopy in a model of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) using MHC class I-specific antibody.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The surface pulmonary microcirculation was observed using an epi-fluorescence microscope through a thoracic window in 50 male mice. Monoclonal MHC class I-specific antibody (Ab) was administered to the animals, while the control group received saline. The leukocytes and macro-molecular leakage in the pulmonary circulation were analyzed.
RESULTS:
Leukocytes accumulated in the capillaries (52.5±12.7 leukocytes per designated area in Ab group vs. 20.8±3.1 in control). The air-containing alveolus area significantly shrank from 2,224.9±934.9 μm2 to 509.7±380.8 μm2 in the Ab group.
CONCLUSION:
Pulmonary edema develops rapidly following leukocyte accumulation in the lung. We confirmed that leukocyte accumulation without an underlining condition is sufficient to induce pulmonary edema.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Leukocyte; MHC class I-specific antibody; intravital scope; microcirculation; pulmonary edema; wet lung weight
PMID: 31471395 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11627
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35.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1469-1476. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11626.
Impact of Bevacizumab on Liver Damage After Massive Hepatectomy in Rats.
Mori H1, Saito YU2, Iwahashi S2, Ikemoto T2, Imura S2, Morine Y2, Shimada M2.
Author information
1
Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan mori.hiroki@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
2
Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pretreatment with bevacizumab on liver damage in a rat model of massive hepatectomy (Hx) model, as a surrogate model of massive Hx for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Male Wister rats (n=24) were separated into the following two groups: 90% Hx and 90% Hx plus bevacizumab group. Bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 7 days before Hx. Samples of blood and remnant liver tissue were obtained 24 hours after hepatectomy and the following parameters were evaluated: Biochemical analysis; liver regeneration rate; survival rate; and real-time polymerase chain reaction for interleukin-1 beta (Il1b), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa), matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) 2 and Mmp9 mRNA. In addition, samples of whole liver tissue were obtained immediately before Hx and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1), activating transcription factor 6 (Atf6), C/EBP homologous protein (Chop), glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) and heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70), as markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
RESULTS:
The levels of transaminases 24 hours after Hx were significantly reduced in the group pretreated with bevacizumab compared to that not pretreated (p<0.05). The liver regeneration rate at 24 hours after Hx was significantly increased in the group pretreated with bevacizumab compared with the group which underwent Hx alone (p<0.05). The survival rate for the group pretreated with bevacizumab tended to be higher than that of the Hx-only group, 72 hours after Hx (p=0.09). The expressions of Il1b, Mmp2 and Mmp9 mRNA 24 hours after Hx in the group pretreated with bevacizumab tended to be lower than that of rats which underwent Hx alone (p=0.11, 0.09 and 0.15, respectively). The expression of Xbp1, Chop, Grp78 and Hsp70 mRNA immediately before Hx in the group pretreated with bevacizumab were significantly higher than the 90% Hx group (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Bevacizumab pretreatment had protective effects on liver injury after massive hepatectomy in rats, apparently via the induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, i.e. the so-called unfolded protein response.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Bevacizumab; endoplasmic reticulum stress; massive hepatectomy; preconditioning; unfolded protein response
PMID: 31471394 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11626
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36.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1463-1468. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11625.
Shining a Light on the Effects of the Combination of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Tapentadol on the Growth of Human Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells.
Bimonte S#1, Cascella M#2, Barbieri A#3, Arra C3, Cuomo A2.
Author information
1
Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, National Institute of Tumors, G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy s.bimonte@istitutotumori.na.it.
2
Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, National Institute of Tumors, G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy.
3
S.S.D Animal Experimentation, National Institute of Tumors, G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy.
#
Contributed equally
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Breast cancer is characterized by a high rate of mortality and is considered one of the deadliest types of cancer. It is of note that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal catechin of green tea, is able to hinder the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by influencing different signaling pathways, including apoptosis. Furthermore, EGCG is also used in the treatment of bone cancer pain. Tapentadol, an opioid drug acting at the level of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibition and μ-opioid receptor, is able to modulate bone cancer pain and influence cancer cell viability by regulating apoptosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In vitro assays were performed on triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells treated with tapentadol (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/ml) and EGCG (1, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μmol/l), alone and in combination. The effects of EGCG and TAP on viability were determined by wound-healing and MTT assays, while cell migration was assessed by transwell migration.
RESULTS:
Cell proliferation, viability and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells were impaired by the combination of EGCG and tapentadol. Specifically, our data show that EGCG and TAP reduced the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by impairing cell-cycle progression (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the combination of these substances may represent a new strategy for the treatment of patients suffering from triple-negative breast cancer.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
(–)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; apoptosis; cell proliferation; tapentadol; triple-negative breast cancer
PMID: 31471393 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11625
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37.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1455-1461. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11624.
Oral Administration of Chitosan Attenuates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats.
Kim YS1,2, Li Q1, Youn HY1, Kim DY3.
Author information
1
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
2
KPC Corporation, Oporo, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
3
Department of Life Science, College of Bio-nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea davekim@gachon.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal disorder of unknown aetiology with limited treatment options. Chitosan has antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumour, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan administration on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A PF rat model was established by endotracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg BLM; then, chitosan was administered in drinking water for 3 weeks. Histology, cell counts, and cytokine responses in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and weight measurements (body and lung) were analyzed to assess its therapeutic effects.
RESULTS:
Chitosan administration tended to reduce transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels in BALF, and histopathological examination confirmed that chitosan attenuated the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung.
CONCLUSION:
This study revealed that oral chitosan exhibits potential antifibrotic effects, as measured by decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels and histological evaluation, in a BLM-induced PF rat model.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Bleomycin; chitosan; oral administration; pulmonary fibrosis
PMID: 31471392 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11624
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38.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1447-1454. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11623.
Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Different Membrane Surfaces Using Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells.
Schorn L1, Handschel J2, Lommen J1, VON Beck FP3, Depprich R1, Kübler N1, Holtmann H4.
Author information
1
Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
2
Klinik und Praxisgemeinschaft am Kaiserteich, Düsseldorf, Germany handschel@klinikamkaiserteich.de.
3
Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Malteser Krankenhaus, St. Josefshospital Uerdingen, Krefeld-Uerdingen, Germany.
4
Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Malteser Krankenhaus St. Johannes-Stift, Duisburg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Results of Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) primarily depend on the membrane used. The aim of this study was to compare biocompatibility of different absorbable and non-absorbable membranes by using unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) as an indicator for biocompatibility.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Five absorbable membranes (Bio-Gide®, RESODONT®, GENTA-FOIL resorb®, BioMend® and BioMend® Extend™) and one non-absorbable alternative (GORE-TEX®) were colonized with USSCs. After 24 h, 3 days and 7 days, cell proliferation, cell viability, and cytotoxicity were assessed. Moreover, cell morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy.
RESULTS:
Significantly higher cell proliferation and cell viability rates were observed in Bio-Gide® and RESODONT® membranes. Cell toxicity was highest on GENTA-FOIL resorb® membranes. The electron microscopical assessment showed a better cell attachment on porous surfaced membranes.
CONCLUSION:
This study shows that USSCs can be used for assessments of biocompatibility, and that absorbable membranes with collagenous composition and porous structure tend to positively impact biocompatibility and enhance cell proliferation.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Biocompatibility; guided bone regeneration (GBR); membranes; unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs)
PMID: 31471391 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11623
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39.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1439-1445. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11622.
Estrogen Down-regulator Fulvestrant Potentiates Antitumor Activity of Fluoropyrimidine in Estrogen-responsive MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells.
Nukatsuka M1, Saito H2, Noguchi S3, Takechi T4.
Author information
1
Translational Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan m-nukatsuka@taiho.co.jp.
2
Pharmacology Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.
3
Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
4
Translational Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Endocrine therapy is clinically administered in hormone-responsive breast cancer. Combinations of fluoropyrimidine S-1 and an aromatase inhibitor or anti-estrogen are considered beneficial in Japan. Herein we assessed new combinations of S-1 and fulvestrant.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Cytotoxicity of fulvestrant and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was assessed in hormone-responsive (MCF-7) and non-responsive (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell cultures. Fulvestrant and S-1 were evaluated for antitumor activity in mice and their effects on estrogen receptor (ER)-α and progesterone receptor (PgR) levels in MCF-7 xenografts using immunohistochemical methods.
RESULTS:
Fulvestrant inhibited growth of MCF-7, but not of MDA-MB-231 xenografts. Combinations of 5-FU and fulvestrant were superior to monotherapy in vitro. In vivo antitumor activity of S-1/fulvestrant combination therapy was significantly (p<0.05) enhanced compared to that of both monotherapies. Fulvestrant partially down-regulated expression of ERα and PgR, but in combination with S-1, it almost completely blocked their expression.
CONCLUSION:
Chemo-endocrine combination therapy using S-1 and fulvestrant is beneficial in estrogen-responsive breast cancer.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Breast cancer; S-1; chemo-endocrine combination therapy; chemotherapy; endocrine therapy; estrogen receptor; fulvestrant; progesterone receptor
PMID: 31471390 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11622
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40.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1431-1437. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11621.
TRPV1 Mediates Glucose-induced Insulin Secretion Through Releasing Neuropeptides.
Zhong B1, Ma S1, Wang DH2,3,4.
Author information
1
Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A.
2
Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A. wangdo@msu.edu.
3
Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A.
4
Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing sensory nerves innervate the pancreatic islets. Sensory neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), participate in insulin secretion. This study aimed to investigate the role of TRPV1 in glucose-induced insulin secretion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
TRPV1-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a normal diet for 24 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were measured at the end of the experiments.
RESULTS:
TRPV1-/- mice had greater impairments in glucose tolerance and higher decrease in glucose-induced insulin secretion than WT mice. Capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) increased insulin secretion in WT, but not in TRPV1-/- mice. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was blunted in TRPV1-/- mice, and was attenuated by AMG9810 (a TRPV1 inhibitor), CGRP8-37 (a CGRP receptor antagonist), or RP67580 (a NK-1 receptor antagonist) in WT mice. Glucose-induced SP and CGRP release from WT pancreas was higher than that from TRPV1-/- pancreas.
CONCLUSION:
TRPV1 mediates glucose-induced insulin secretion likely through CGRP and SP release.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
TRPV1; calcitonin gene-related peptide; insulin; pancreas; substance P
PMID: 31471389 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11621
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41.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1425-1430. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11620.
Pneumococcal Vaccination Strategies Among HIV-infected Adult Patients: A Review of the Literature.
Garmpi A1, Damaskos C2, Garmpis N2, Patsouras A3, Savvanis S4, Gravvanis N5, Diamantis E6.
Author information
1
Internal Medicine Department, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece annagar@windowslive.com.
2
Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
3
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
4
Department of Internal Medicine, Elpis General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
5
Health Center Peristeriou, Athens, Greece.
6
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia and an important cause of invasive disease. Despite the antiretroviral therapies, adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at particular risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The purpose of this study was to report the efficacy of the strategies currently being used in pneumococcal vaccination for HIV-infected adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A literature search was performed through electronic databases, for original articles in English, from years 2000 to 2019. Clinical trials controlled or randomized, and cohort studies were included.
RESULTS:
While 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended for immunocompromised patients, it has been reported that it is less suitable for HIV-infected patients. Recent guidelines have added pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) to the list of recommended vaccines.
CONCLUSION:
Further studies are needed to determine the optimal vaccines and intervals for subsequent revaccinations during the lifetime.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
HIV; Pneumococcal; adult; review; vaccine
PMID: 31471388 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11620
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Select item 31471387
42.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1421-1423. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11619.
Bisphenol A: A Concise Review of Literature and a Discussion of Health and Regulatory Implications.
Wazir U1,2, Mokbel K3.
Author information
1
The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, U.K.
2
Department of General Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3
The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, U.K. kefahmokbel@hotmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous substance found in a wide array of consumer products and healthcare consumables, and at low doses in drinking water. Currently, in the UK, it is classed as a low-risk substance with little potential for harm. It has been known to have effects on oestrogen receptors. The implications of this for public safety is currently subject to debate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this study, we review recent literature regarding the effects and safety of BPA, and discuss the potential implications, in particular from the perspective of human breast oncogenesis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
Recent evidence suggests that low-doses of endocrine disruptors, such as BPA, could have profound effects in breast development and cancer risk. Recent studies in murine models suggest that BPA could contribute to breast oncogenesis via several pathways. The position of regulators should shift accordingly to safeguard the public interest.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Bisphenol A; Breast cancer; endocrine disruption; oncogenesis; review; toxins
PMID: 31471387 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11619
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Select item 31471386
43.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1411-1420. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11618.
A Review of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Elderly Patients Focused on Management and Outcomes.
Cho E#1, Cho HA#1, Jun CH2, Kim HJ3, Cho SB1, Choi SK1.
Author information
1
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea.
2
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea estevanj@naver.com heejoonkim@jnu.ac.kr.
3
Department Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea estevanj@naver.com heejoonkim@jnu.ac.kr.
#
Contributed equally
Abstract
Recent studies report a significant age-specific increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development among persons over 75 years old. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the optimal treatment strategy in elderly patients with HCC. This systemic review examines the clinical characteristics, efficacy, and safety of first-line treatment modalities. The literature was searched regarding epidemiology and clinical outcomes in elderly patients (age ≥75 years) undergoing first-line treatment for HCC. Causative or comorbid conditions of HCC in elderly patients differed from those in younger patients. Radiofrequency ablation may be effective and safe in early stages. Surgical resection may also be feasible in the early stages for selected patients. Transarterial chemoembolization may be safe and effective for intermediate HCC, and sorafenib may be feasible in elderly patients with advanced HCC. Prospective randomized trials are needed to establish the treatment strategy for elderly patients with HCC.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Hepatocellular carcinoma; elderly; hepatitis B infection; prognosis; review; treatment
PMID: 31471386 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11618
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44.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1403-1409. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11617.
Optical Coherence Tomography of Choroid in Common Neurological Diseases.
DI Staso F1, Ciancaglini M2, Abdolrahimzadeh S1, D'Apolito F1, Scuderi G1.
Author information
1
Ophthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
2
Eye Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy marco.ciancaglini@cc.univaq.it.
Abstract
The choroid is involved directly and indirectly in many pathological conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, myopia-related chorioretinal atrophy and central serous chorioretinopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gradually become a fundamental part of modern resources in the hands of ophthalmologists. The enhanced depth imaging technique and swept-source OCT make a great contribution to conventional in vivo choroid assessment. This review focuses on the most common neurological conditions in which choroid assessment by OCT may provide help in early diagnosis and be used as an interdisciplinary follow-up tool. In order to avoid evaluation biases and misdiagnosis, the main and most common physiological and para-physiological conditions in which the choroid may show alterations are also reviewed.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Alzheimer; Optical coherence tomography; Parkinson; Sturge–Weber syndrome; choroid; multiple sclerosis; phakomatoses; review
PMID: 31471385 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11617
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45.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1393-1401. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11616.
Rethinking the Issue of Power Morcellation of Uterine Fibroids: Is Morcellation the Real Problem or Is this Another Symptom of Disparity in Healthcare Provision?
Odejinmi F1, Aref-Adib M1, Liou N1, Sideris M2, Mallick R3.
Author information
1
Whipps Cross Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, U.K.
2
Women's Health Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.
3
Princess Royal Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Haywards Heath, U.K. rmallick@doctors.org.uk.
Abstract
Power morcellation remains one of the most significant developments in minimal access surgery over the past decade, allowing many more patients to benefit from the least invasive surgical route. However, its use is not without controversy, particularly with regards to the risks of an undiagnosed leiomyosarcoma. Increased media and, in particular, on-going social media coverage since events in 2014 have only served to intensify the debate, culminating in the Food and Drug Administration essentially 'banning' its use in the USA. Practice however continues to vary and this technique remains widely used in Europe and in particular the UK. The aim of this article was to review the development of power morcellation in gynaecology and the underlying risks, including that of undiagnosed leiomyosarcoma, as well as appraise the evolving literature on patient awareness and informed consent and the wider implications of morcellation restriction.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Laparoscopy; leiomyosarcoma; morcellation; myomectomy; review
PMID: 31471384 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11616
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In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1499-1505. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11630.
The Role of Fgf Signaling on Epithelial Cell Differentiation in Mouse Vagina.
Hirano YU1, Suzuki K1, Iguchi T2, Yamada G3, Miyagawa S4.
Author information
1
Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
2
Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
3
Department of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan miyagawa@rs.tus.ac.jp genyama77@yahoo.co.jp.
4
Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan miyagawa@rs.tus.ac.jp genyama77@yahoo.co.jp.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
The mouse vagina exhibits stratified squamous epithelium, which is comprised of multiple cell layers. We previously showed that erbB signaling, induced by epithelial estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), is required for the initial differentiation of the epithelium. However, the downstream effector that mediates terminal differentiation in the apical layers remains elusive. The contribution of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) to vaginal epithelial cell differentiation was investigated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Vaginas from wild-type or epithelium-specific Esr1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time RT-PCR.
RESULTS:
Of the FGF ligands examined, Fgf22 mRNA was significantly induced following estrogen treatment. Furthermore, FGF downstream signaling, phosphorylated FRS2 and ERK1/2 were exclusively expressed in the apical layers of the vaginal epithelium. No changes in such expression were observed in the Esr1 cKO mice.
CONCLUSION:
FGF-ERK/MAPK pathway may be a main inducer of terminal differentiation in the mouse vaginal epithelium.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Estrogen receptor; epithelium; fibroblast growth factors; keratinization; vagina
PMID: 31471398 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11630
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32.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1493-1497. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11629.
Enhanced NLRP3 and DEFA1B Expression During the Active Stage of Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's Disease.
Ugurel E1, Erdag E2, Kucukali CI2, Olcay A1, Sanli E2, Akbayir E2, Kurtuncu M3, Gunduz T3, Yilmaz V2, Tuzun E4, Vural B1.
Author information
1
Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
2
Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
3
Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
4
Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey drerdem@yahoo.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Neurological symptoms (neuro-Behçet's disease; NBD) occur in a fraction of Behçet's disease (BD) patients and often present with parenchymal brain lesions and clinical exacerbations. Our aim was to identify genes associated with attack and remission periods of NBD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Microarray analysis was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples obtained during attack and remission periods of five NBD patients. Expression levels of the most significantly up-regulated genes were measured with real-time PCR using PBMC samples of 15 NBD patients and 20 healthy controls.
RESULTS:
During NBD attacks, the most remarkably up-regulated genes were defensin alpha 1B (DEFA1B) and NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). Real time PCR studies showed significantly increased DEFA1B and NLRP3 expression levels during attacks.
CONCLUSION:
Immunological factors showing the most significant increase in expression during NBD attacks were primarily associated with innate immunity functions. DEFA1B and NLRP3 can be used as biomarkers for estimation of disease activity in NBD.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Behçet's disease; inflammation; innate immunity; microarray; neuro-Behçet's disease
PMID: 31471397 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11629
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33.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1485-1492. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11628.
Targeted Sequencing of Tubo-ovarian and Peritoneal High-grade Serous Carcinoma With Wild-type p53 Immunostaining Pattern.
Kim HN1, Woo HY2, DO SI3, Kim HS4.
Author information
1
Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
2
Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
3
Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea hyun-soo.kim@samsung.com sungim.do@samsung.com.
4
Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea hyun-soo.kim@samsung.com sungim.do@samsung.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
We aimed to demonstrate the use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to confirm the presence of tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations in tubo-ovarian and peritoneal high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) with a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern and investigate whether the TP53 mutational status is altered by chemotherapy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A commercial NGS panel comprising 171 genes was used to analyze the genetic profiles of 15 HGSC samples. Paired specimens obtained before and after chemotherapy were available for four patients.
RESULTS:
All examined samples exhibited TP53 mutations. For all the patients who underwent neoadjuvant or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, TP53 mutations identified in samples obtained after chemotherapy were the same as those detected in pre-chemotherapeutic samples.
CONCLUSION:
HGSCs exhibit TP53 mutations even though a subset of HGSCs displayed a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern. Chemotherapy does not affect the TP53 mutational status in HGSC.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Ovary; TP53; high-grade serous carcinoma; immunohistochemistry; next-generation sequencing; p53
PMID: 31471396 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11628
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34.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1477-1484. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11627.
Intra-vital Observation of Lung Water Retention Following Intravenous Injection of Anti-MHC-class I (H-2K) Monoclonal Antibody in Mice.
Ochi H1, Iijima T2, Ushiyama A3.
Author information
1
Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Showa University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
2
Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of Anesthesiology, Showa University, School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan iijima@dent.showa-u.ac.jp.
3
Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Leukocyte activation is thought to be a major step in sepsis-induced pulmonary edema. We attempted to confirm whether pulmonary edema can be reproduced under intravital microscopy in a model of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) using MHC class I-specific antibody.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The surface pulmonary microcirculation was observed using an epi-fluorescence microscope through a thoracic window in 50 male mice. Monoclonal MHC class I-specific antibody (Ab) was administered to the animals, while the control group received saline. The leukocytes and macro-molecular leakage in the pulmonary circulation were analyzed.
RESULTS:
Leukocytes accumulated in the capillaries (52.5±12.7 leukocytes per designated area in Ab group vs. 20.8±3.1 in control). The air-containing alveolus area significantly shrank from 2,224.9±934.9 μm2 to 509.7±380.8 μm2 in the Ab group.
CONCLUSION:
Pulmonary edema develops rapidly following leukocyte accumulation in the lung. We confirmed that leukocyte accumulation without an underlining condition is sufficient to induce pulmonary edema.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Leukocyte; MHC class I-specific antibody; intravital scope; microcirculation; pulmonary edema; wet lung weight
PMID: 31471395 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11627
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35.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1469-1476. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11626.
Impact of Bevacizumab on Liver Damage After Massive Hepatectomy in Rats.
Mori H1, Saito YU2, Iwahashi S2, Ikemoto T2, Imura S2, Morine Y2, Shimada M2.
Author information
1
Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan mori.hiroki@tokushima-u.ac.jp.
2
Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pretreatment with bevacizumab on liver damage in a rat model of massive hepatectomy (Hx) model, as a surrogate model of massive Hx for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Male Wister rats (n=24) were separated into the following two groups: 90% Hx and 90% Hx plus bevacizumab group. Bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 7 days before Hx. Samples of blood and remnant liver tissue were obtained 24 hours after hepatectomy and the following parameters were evaluated: Biochemical analysis; liver regeneration rate; survival rate; and real-time polymerase chain reaction for interleukin-1 beta (Il1b), tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnfa), matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) 2 and Mmp9 mRNA. In addition, samples of whole liver tissue were obtained immediately before Hx and real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1), activating transcription factor 6 (Atf6), C/EBP homologous protein (Chop), glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78) and heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70), as markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
RESULTS:
The levels of transaminases 24 hours after Hx were significantly reduced in the group pretreated with bevacizumab compared to that not pretreated (p<0.05). The liver regeneration rate at 24 hours after Hx was significantly increased in the group pretreated with bevacizumab compared with the group which underwent Hx alone (p<0.05). The survival rate for the group pretreated with bevacizumab tended to be higher than that of the Hx-only group, 72 hours after Hx (p=0.09). The expressions of Il1b, Mmp2 and Mmp9 mRNA 24 hours after Hx in the group pretreated with bevacizumab tended to be lower than that of rats which underwent Hx alone (p=0.11, 0.09 and 0.15, respectively). The expression of Xbp1, Chop, Grp78 and Hsp70 mRNA immediately before Hx in the group pretreated with bevacizumab were significantly higher than the 90% Hx group (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION:
Bevacizumab pretreatment had protective effects on liver injury after massive hepatectomy in rats, apparently via the induction of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, i.e. the so-called unfolded protein response.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Bevacizumab; endoplasmic reticulum stress; massive hepatectomy; preconditioning; unfolded protein response
PMID: 31471394 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11626
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36.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1463-1468. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11625.
Shining a Light on the Effects of the Combination of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate and Tapentadol on the Growth of Human Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells.
Bimonte S#1, Cascella M#2, Barbieri A#3, Arra C3, Cuomo A2.
Author information
1
Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, National Institute of Tumors, G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy s.bimonte@istitutotumori.na.it.
2
Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, National Institute of Tumors, G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy.
3
S.S.D Animal Experimentation, National Institute of Tumors, G. Pascale Foundation, Naples, Italy.
#
Contributed equally
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Breast cancer is characterized by a high rate of mortality and is considered one of the deadliest types of cancer. It is of note that (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal catechin of green tea, is able to hinder the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by influencing different signaling pathways, including apoptosis. Furthermore, EGCG is also used in the treatment of bone cancer pain. Tapentadol, an opioid drug acting at the level of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibition and μ-opioid receptor, is able to modulate bone cancer pain and influence cancer cell viability by regulating apoptosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In vitro assays were performed on triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells treated with tapentadol (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/ml) and EGCG (1, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 μmol/l), alone and in combination. The effects of EGCG and TAP on viability were determined by wound-healing and MTT assays, while cell migration was assessed by transwell migration.
RESULTS:
Cell proliferation, viability and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells were impaired by the combination of EGCG and tapentadol. Specifically, our data show that EGCG and TAP reduced the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by impairing cell-cycle progression (p<0.05). These findings suggest that the combination of these substances may represent a new strategy for the treatment of patients suffering from triple-negative breast cancer.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
(–)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; apoptosis; cell proliferation; tapentadol; triple-negative breast cancer
PMID: 31471393 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11625
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37.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1455-1461. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11624.
Oral Administration of Chitosan Attenuates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats.
Kim YS1,2, Li Q1, Youn HY1, Kim DY3.
Author information
1
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
2
KPC Corporation, Oporo, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
3
Department of Life Science, College of Bio-nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea davekim@gachon.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal disorder of unknown aetiology with limited treatment options. Chitosan has antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumour, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan administration on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A PF rat model was established by endotracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg BLM; then, chitosan was administered in drinking water for 3 weeks. Histology, cell counts, and cytokine responses in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and weight measurements (body and lung) were analyzed to assess its therapeutic effects.
RESULTS:
Chitosan administration tended to reduce transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels in BALF, and histopathological examination confirmed that chitosan attenuated the degree of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung.
CONCLUSION:
This study revealed that oral chitosan exhibits potential antifibrotic effects, as measured by decreased proinflammatory cytokine levels and histological evaluation, in a BLM-induced PF rat model.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Bleomycin; chitosan; oral administration; pulmonary fibrosis
PMID: 31471392 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11624
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38.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1447-1454. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11623.
Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Different Membrane Surfaces Using Unrestricted Somatic Stem Cells.
Schorn L1, Handschel J2, Lommen J1, VON Beck FP3, Depprich R1, Kübler N1, Holtmann H4.
Author information
1
Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
2
Klinik und Praxisgemeinschaft am Kaiserteich, Düsseldorf, Germany handschel@klinikamkaiserteich.de.
3
Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Malteser Krankenhaus, St. Josefshospital Uerdingen, Krefeld-Uerdingen, Germany.
4
Department of Oral-, Maxillo- and Plastic Facial Surgery, Malteser Krankenhaus St. Johannes-Stift, Duisburg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Results of Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) primarily depend on the membrane used. The aim of this study was to compare biocompatibility of different absorbable and non-absorbable membranes by using unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) as an indicator for biocompatibility.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Five absorbable membranes (Bio-Gide®, RESODONT®, GENTA-FOIL resorb®, BioMend® and BioMend® Extend™) and one non-absorbable alternative (GORE-TEX®) were colonized with USSCs. After 24 h, 3 days and 7 days, cell proliferation, cell viability, and cytotoxicity were assessed. Moreover, cell morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy.
RESULTS:
Significantly higher cell proliferation and cell viability rates were observed in Bio-Gide® and RESODONT® membranes. Cell toxicity was highest on GENTA-FOIL resorb® membranes. The electron microscopical assessment showed a better cell attachment on porous surfaced membranes.
CONCLUSION:
This study shows that USSCs can be used for assessments of biocompatibility, and that absorbable membranes with collagenous composition and porous structure tend to positively impact biocompatibility and enhance cell proliferation.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Biocompatibility; guided bone regeneration (GBR); membranes; unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs)
PMID: 31471391 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11623
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39.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1439-1445. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11622.
Estrogen Down-regulator Fulvestrant Potentiates Antitumor Activity of Fluoropyrimidine in Estrogen-responsive MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells.
Nukatsuka M1, Saito H2, Noguchi S3, Takechi T4.
Author information
1
Translational Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan m-nukatsuka@taiho.co.jp.
2
Pharmacology Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.
3
Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
4
Translational Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Endocrine therapy is clinically administered in hormone-responsive breast cancer. Combinations of fluoropyrimidine S-1 and an aromatase inhibitor or anti-estrogen are considered beneficial in Japan. Herein we assessed new combinations of S-1 and fulvestrant.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Cytotoxicity of fulvestrant and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was assessed in hormone-responsive (MCF-7) and non-responsive (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell cultures. Fulvestrant and S-1 were evaluated for antitumor activity in mice and their effects on estrogen receptor (ER)-α and progesterone receptor (PgR) levels in MCF-7 xenografts using immunohistochemical methods.
RESULTS:
Fulvestrant inhibited growth of MCF-7, but not of MDA-MB-231 xenografts. Combinations of 5-FU and fulvestrant were superior to monotherapy in vitro. In vivo antitumor activity of S-1/fulvestrant combination therapy was significantly (p<0.05) enhanced compared to that of both monotherapies. Fulvestrant partially down-regulated expression of ERα and PgR, but in combination with S-1, it almost completely blocked their expression.
CONCLUSION:
Chemo-endocrine combination therapy using S-1 and fulvestrant is beneficial in estrogen-responsive breast cancer.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Breast cancer; S-1; chemo-endocrine combination therapy; chemotherapy; endocrine therapy; estrogen receptor; fulvestrant; progesterone receptor
PMID: 31471390 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11622
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40.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1431-1437. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11621.
TRPV1 Mediates Glucose-induced Insulin Secretion Through Releasing Neuropeptides.
Zhong B1, Ma S1, Wang DH2,3,4.
Author information
1
Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A.
2
Division of Nanomedicine and Molecular Intervention, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A. wangdo@msu.edu.
3
Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A.
4
Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-expressing sensory nerves innervate the pancreatic islets. Sensory neuropeptides, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP), participate in insulin secretion. This study aimed to investigate the role of TRPV1 in glucose-induced insulin secretion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
TRPV1-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a normal diet for 24 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were measured at the end of the experiments.
RESULTS:
TRPV1-/- mice had greater impairments in glucose tolerance and higher decrease in glucose-induced insulin secretion than WT mice. Capsaicin (a TRPV1 agonist) increased insulin secretion in WT, but not in TRPV1-/- mice. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was blunted in TRPV1-/- mice, and was attenuated by AMG9810 (a TRPV1 inhibitor), CGRP8-37 (a CGRP receptor antagonist), or RP67580 (a NK-1 receptor antagonist) in WT mice. Glucose-induced SP and CGRP release from WT pancreas was higher than that from TRPV1-/- pancreas.
CONCLUSION:
TRPV1 mediates glucose-induced insulin secretion likely through CGRP and SP release.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
TRPV1; calcitonin gene-related peptide; insulin; pancreas; substance P
PMID: 31471389 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11621
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41.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1425-1430. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11620.
Pneumococcal Vaccination Strategies Among HIV-infected Adult Patients: A Review of the Literature.
Garmpi A1, Damaskos C2, Garmpis N2, Patsouras A3, Savvanis S4, Gravvanis N5, Diamantis E6.
Author information
1
Internal Medicine Department, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece annagar@windowslive.com.
2
Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
3
Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
4
Department of Internal Medicine, Elpis General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
5
Health Center Peristeriou, Athens, Greece.
6
Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia and an important cause of invasive disease. Despite the antiretroviral therapies, adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at particular risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The purpose of this study was to report the efficacy of the strategies currently being used in pneumococcal vaccination for HIV-infected adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A literature search was performed through electronic databases, for original articles in English, from years 2000 to 2019. Clinical trials controlled or randomized, and cohort studies were included.
RESULTS:
While 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is recommended for immunocompromised patients, it has been reported that it is less suitable for HIV-infected patients. Recent guidelines have added pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) to the list of recommended vaccines.
CONCLUSION:
Further studies are needed to determine the optimal vaccines and intervals for subsequent revaccinations during the lifetime.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
HIV; Pneumococcal; adult; review; vaccine
PMID: 31471388 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11620
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Select item 31471387
42.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1421-1423. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11619.
Bisphenol A: A Concise Review of Literature and a Discussion of Health and Regulatory Implications.
Wazir U1,2, Mokbel K3.
Author information
1
The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, U.K.
2
Department of General Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3
The London Breast Institute, Princess Grace Hospital, London, U.K. kefahmokbel@hotmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous substance found in a wide array of consumer products and healthcare consumables, and at low doses in drinking water. Currently, in the UK, it is classed as a low-risk substance with little potential for harm. It has been known to have effects on oestrogen receptors. The implications of this for public safety is currently subject to debate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this study, we review recent literature regarding the effects and safety of BPA, and discuss the potential implications, in particular from the perspective of human breast oncogenesis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
Recent evidence suggests that low-doses of endocrine disruptors, such as BPA, could have profound effects in breast development and cancer risk. Recent studies in murine models suggest that BPA could contribute to breast oncogenesis via several pathways. The position of regulators should shift accordingly to safeguard the public interest.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Bisphenol A; Breast cancer; endocrine disruption; oncogenesis; review; toxins
PMID: 31471387 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11619
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Select item 31471386
43.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1411-1420. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11618.
A Review of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Elderly Patients Focused on Management and Outcomes.
Cho E#1, Cho HA#1, Jun CH2, Kim HJ3, Cho SB1, Choi SK1.
Author information
1
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea.
2
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea estevanj@naver.com heejoonkim@jnu.ac.kr.
3
Department Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwanjgu, Republic of Korea estevanj@naver.com heejoonkim@jnu.ac.kr.
#
Contributed equally
Abstract
Recent studies report a significant age-specific increase in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development among persons over 75 years old. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the optimal treatment strategy in elderly patients with HCC. This systemic review examines the clinical characteristics, efficacy, and safety of first-line treatment modalities. The literature was searched regarding epidemiology and clinical outcomes in elderly patients (age ≥75 years) undergoing first-line treatment for HCC. Causative or comorbid conditions of HCC in elderly patients differed from those in younger patients. Radiofrequency ablation may be effective and safe in early stages. Surgical resection may also be feasible in the early stages for selected patients. Transarterial chemoembolization may be safe and effective for intermediate HCC, and sorafenib may be feasible in elderly patients with advanced HCC. Prospective randomized trials are needed to establish the treatment strategy for elderly patients with HCC.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Hepatocellular carcinoma; elderly; hepatitis B infection; prognosis; review; treatment
PMID: 31471386 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11618
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44.
In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1403-1409. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11617.
Optical Coherence Tomography of Choroid in Common Neurological Diseases.
DI Staso F1, Ciancaglini M2, Abdolrahimzadeh S1, D'Apolito F1, Scuderi G1.
Author information
1
Ophthalmology Unit, NESMOS Department, St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
2
Eye Clinic, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy marco.ciancaglini@cc.univaq.it.
Abstract
The choroid is involved directly and indirectly in many pathological conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, myopia-related chorioretinal atrophy and central serous chorioretinopathy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gradually become a fundamental part of modern resources in the hands of ophthalmologists. The enhanced depth imaging technique and swept-source OCT make a great contribution to conventional in vivo choroid assessment. This review focuses on the most common neurological conditions in which choroid assessment by OCT may provide help in early diagnosis and be used as an interdisciplinary follow-up tool. In order to avoid evaluation biases and misdiagnosis, the main and most common physiological and para-physiological conditions in which the choroid may show alterations are also reviewed.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Alzheimer; Optical coherence tomography; Parkinson; Sturge–Weber syndrome; choroid; multiple sclerosis; phakomatoses; review
PMID: 31471385 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11617
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In Vivo. 2019 Sep-Oct;33(5):1393-1401. doi: 10.21873/invivo.11616.
Rethinking the Issue of Power Morcellation of Uterine Fibroids: Is Morcellation the Real Problem or Is this Another Symptom of Disparity in Healthcare Provision?
Odejinmi F1, Aref-Adib M1, Liou N1, Sideris M2, Mallick R3.
Author information
1
Whipps Cross Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, U.K.
2
Women's Health Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.
3
Princess Royal Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Haywards Heath, U.K. rmallick@doctors.org.uk.
Abstract
Power morcellation remains one of the most significant developments in minimal access surgery over the past decade, allowing many more patients to benefit from the least invasive surgical route. However, its use is not without controversy, particularly with regards to the risks of an undiagnosed leiomyosarcoma. Increased media and, in particular, on-going social media coverage since events in 2014 have only served to intensify the debate, culminating in the Food and Drug Administration essentially 'banning' its use in the USA. Practice however continues to vary and this technique remains widely used in Europe and in particular the UK. The aim of this article was to review the development of power morcellation in gynaecology and the underlying risks, including that of undiagnosed leiomyosarcoma, as well as appraise the evolving literature on patient awareness and informed consent and the wider implications of morcellation restriction.
Copyright© 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Laparoscopy; leiomyosarcoma; morcellation; myomectomy; review
PMID: 31471384 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11616
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