Complications Associated With Electromyography: A Systematic Review Objective To systematically review the available literature concerning complications due to electromyography (EMG) as well as review those associated with nerve conduction studies (NCS). Design A systematic review was undertaken of Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Any complication related to clinical EMG written in English were included, and all bibliographies were scanned for missed articles. Results A total of 27 articles fit the inclusion criteria, with two observational studies, and the rest case series or case studies; 42 patients were reported. Of these, 28 patients required hospitalization and 22 required surgery or a procedure, with zero deaths reported. Needle-related complications were the most prevalent (18 patients reported), with 17 related to pneumothoraces. Disorders of hemostasis were identified in 13 patients (many were asymptomatic) and cutaneous disorders were identified in 11 patients. Only one complication was identified in the narrative review related to NCS. Conclusions This systematic review identified a variety of complications related to EMG. Though the incidence of these occurrences cannot be elucidated from the case series- and case study-predominant literature, adverse events appear to be rare but can cause significant morbidity. Electromyographers should be aware of all reported complications; this review outlines all reported occurrences that fit the inclusion criteria. Corresponding author: Daniel Cushman, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, P: 801-587-7109, F: 801-587-7111. dan.cushman.work@gmail.com No funding was received for this study Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disaster Rehabilitation Response Plan: Now or Never There is a strong consensus amongst humanitarian response authorities for a need for global action by professional organizations to work towards developing a structured approach to provide a coordinated international response during sudden-onset disasters (SODs). The aim of this report is to develop a Disaster Rehabilitation Response Plan (DRRP) to enable International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM) to provide leadership and governance role in liaison/coordination with the WHO Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Initiative and other relevant stakeholders to provide rehabilitation input during SODs. The proposed plan uses a ‘three-tier approach’: Tier-1- Immediate disaster response at a national/international level, Tier-2- Organisation and deployment of rehabilitation personnel, and Tier-3- Rehabilitation management of disaster survivors and community reintegration. The ISPRM (and its sub-committee, the Disaster Rehabilitation Committee (DRC)), categorised in the Tier-2, could provide central leadership role working for the rehabilitation sub-cluster within the WHO- EMT Initiative (Tier-1) and support in coordination, preparation and management of rehabilitation teams and/or members for deployment to SODs. The DRC could also contribute to advocacy, training and accreditation processes for rehabilitation professionals. The challenge ahead is commitment of countries worldwide to develop comprehensive rehabilitation-inclusive approach to ensure effective delivery of services to communities at risk. Corresponding author: Dr. Bhasker Amatya, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, 34-54 Poplar Road Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, Ph: +61 3 83872037, fax: +61 3 83872222. Email: bhasker.amatya@mh.org.au Bhasker Amatya and Su Yi Lee — Joint first authors of the manuscript FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE This report was prepared by the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia. No external funding was available. No commercial party had any financial interest in the results of this article. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Ultrasound Imaging and Rehabilitation of Muscle Disorders Part 1. Traumatic injuries Ultrasound (US) imaging has several advantages that include the absence of radiation, portability, excellent resolution of neuromuscular structures, and the ability to perform dynamic examinations. Traumatic muscle injury can be comprehensively evaluated using static, dynamic, and Doppler US imaging. In the present review, we briefly discuss mechanisms of traumatic muscle injury, present US images of normal muscles, focus on US assessment of injured muscles, and concisely discuss treatment and rehabilitation options for muscle injuries. Corresponding author: Levent Özçakar, MD, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey. Email: lozcakar@yahoo.com Author Disclosures: Financial disclosure statements have been obtained, and no conflicts of interest have been reported by the authors or by any individuals in control of the content of this article. Funding information: No funding was received. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Rehabilitation after Complete Hemisensory Loss: Report of Two Cases The role and function that proprioception plays in movement and motor learning has been debated since the 19th Century, but can be difficult to isolate and study. Lesions at various points along the proprioceptive pathway result in afferent paresis that can be significantly disabling. Compensatory mechanisms can help with successful rehabilitation and provide an opportunity to study the role of these mechanisms in sensory feedback. Here we present two cases of adult patients with complete hemisensory loss following a stroke: one patient with a cortical stroke, the other with a thalamic stroke. First, we see that that motor learning can occur without proprioception, with the help of visual feedback. Second, proprioception plays an important role in movement: in the upper extremity, it can facilitate individual finger movements, and in the lower extremity, it maintains sufficient knee flexion to prevent the knee from going into recurvatum (backward bending) during ambulation. To whom correspondence should be addressed: Eric L Altschuler, MD, PhD, Metropolitan Hospital, 1901 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA. Email: altschue@nychhc.org, Phone: (212) 423-6448, Fax: (212) 423-6326 We have no financial or other conflicts. No funding was received for this study. This study was approved by the Brany and Metropolitan IRBs and both subjects gave written consent for use of the videos. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Relationship between Obesity and Balance in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Introduction Although there are similar characteristics between obese individuals and fall-susceptible population, little is known about relationships between body weight and risk factors for fall, particularly in the elderly population. The objective of this study was to determine whether body mass index (BMI) based obesity is associated with decreased balance and whether instability has relationships with the main risk factors for falls. Methods A total of 317 participants were categorized based on their BMI. Clinical balance assessments were performed using the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test and Short Physical Performance Battery. The knee extensor strength of each individual was measured using a dynamometer. Total sway distance (TSD) was calculated on Inbody posturography® in 4 conditions. Results The results of 3 clinical balance assessment tools showed significant correlation with BMI. The obese group showed decreased isokinetic knee extensor muscle strength and had a higher TSD than the normal-weight group. Conclusions The elderly population with obesity exhibits poor balance performing ability and it is associated with the decreased strength of the lower extremities and impaired postural stability. The logistic regression analysis of our study showed that BMI based obesity can be regarded as a fall risk. Corresponding author : Jinmann Chon, MD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 32 Kyunheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 142-884, Korea (kkangmann@naver.com) Tel: +82-2-958-8565, Fax: +82-2-958-8560 Funding This study was supported by a grant of the InBody CO., LTD (Seoul, Korea) and Seoul Business Agency, a government-affiliated organization. (PS150024) This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Single Dose Injection of Ozone is not an Alternative of Corticosteroid Injection in Shoulder Impingement Syndrome No abstract available

The Certainty behind reporting a Significance Result: What the Clinician Should Know The p-value is the most common method utilized in medical literature for the result of a statistical test. It is the probability of the data with a true null hypothesis and is calculated using a formal statistical test after the appropriate model has been determined to analyze study data. The p-value is dependent upon the effect size, sample size and a measure of variability within the outcomes. For many years, the p-value has been set at 0.05, which is an arbitrary cutoff. It is important to understand that setting the cutoff at 0.05 may be correct for some study designs but not in others. Therefore, we recommend that in addition to the p-value another metric should be reported that specifies the magnitude of the effect such as effect size, Confidence Interval of the effect size or fragility index. Corresponding Authour: Dinesh Kumbhare, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FAAPMR, University of Toronto, Suite 7-131, 550 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2 dinesh.kumbhare@uhn.ca 416-597 3422 X4612 Author Disclosures: All the authors report no conflict of interest for the completion of this manuscript. Also, no funding was received. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Glenoid Labral Detachment during Dynamic Ultrasonography in a Patient with Posterosuperior Labral Tear No abstract available

Stener Lesion; An uncommon variant of Skier’s thumb No abstract available

Strength and range of motion in the contralateral side to pain and pain-free regions in unilateral chronic non-specific neck pain patients Objective To determine if strength and range of motion (ROM) deficits are present in patients with unilateral chronic neck pain (CNP) at contralateral side to pain (CSP) and at other regions. Design Forty-nine patients with unilateral CNP and 98 asymptomatic subjects participated in this case-control study. ROM and muscle strength of the cervical, shoulder, trunk and hip regions were assessed bilaterally using inclinometer and dynamometer, respectively. Results CNP patients demonstrated reduced cervical, shoulder and trunk ROM in their ipsilateral side to pain (ISP) comparing the asymptomatic participants(P<0.05). The ISP cervical and shoulder ROM were also significantly lower than the CSP (P<0.05). Significant differences were also observable in the CSP comparing the asymptomatic group (P<0.05). Cervical, shoulder and scapulothoracic muscles were found weaker both in the ISP and CSP comparing the asymptomatic group (P<0.05). ISP and CSP hip flexors were also found to be significantly weaker than the asymptomatic group (P<0.01). Conclusion The results revealed ROM and strength deficits in the pain-free regions of the body in unilateral CNP patients. Findings support the regional interdependence theory and emphasize the need for managing seemingly intact neighboring and more remote regions in unilateral CNP patients. Correspondence: Address correspondence to Amir Massoud Arab, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Koodakyar Street, Daneshjoo Blvd., Evin., Postal Code: 1985713831, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: arabloo_masoud@hotmail.com Tel: (98) 21 22180039 (Office) Fax: (98) 21 22180039 Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: none declared The study protocol was approved by the Human Ethical Committee of the University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences (Approval Code: IR.USWR.REC.1394.224) and the clinical trials government (NCT02789631). Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.