Swachh Muh, Swastha Deh….Swastha Bharat…. Swachh Bharat [Clean Mouth, Healthy Body….Healthy India… Clean India] Ashish Kumar Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):499-500

Why Periodontology as a speciality: Down the memory lane Nymphea Pandit Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):501-502

Periodontology as a cult form Harpreet Singh Grover Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):503-503

Role of three-dimensional printing in periodontal regeneration and repair: Literature review Meisha Gul, Aysha Arif, Robia Ghafoor Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):504-510 Three-dimensional (3D) printing is the process of building 3D objects by additive manufacturing approach. It is being used in endodontics, periodontology, maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, orthodontics, and restorative dentistry, but our review article is focused on periodontal application. A detailed literature search was done on PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar using various key terms. A total of 45 articles were included in this study. Most of the studies were in vitro, preclinical, case reports, retrospective, and prospective studies. Few clinical trials have also been done. Periodontal applications included education models, scaffolds, socket preservation, and sinus and bone augmentation and guided implant placement. It showed better alveolar ridge preservation, better regenerative capabilities, greater reduction in pocket depth and bony fill, ease of implant placement in complex cases with greater precision and reduced time with improved outcome and an important tool for education and training using simulated models.

Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and hematological parameters in experimental periodontal disease after β-adrenergic blockade Wellington Francisco Rodrigues, Camila Botelho Miguel, Javier Emilio Lazo-Chica, Carlos Antônio Trindade da Silva, Carlos Ueira Vieira, Juliana Trindade Clemente-Napimoga, Carlo José Freire Oliveira, Marcelo Henrique Napimoga Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):511-516 Background: Changes in the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) observed during periodontal disease were linked with vascular manifestations. Recent studies showed that the beta-blocker propranolol reduces the pathological parameters associated with certain molecules at sites of bone injury. Hence, in this study, we evaluated the activity of propranolol on hematological parameters and systemic concentrations of inflammatory proteins in a model of experimental periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Periodontal disease was induced in rats. After euthanasia, the number of inflammatory cells in each rat was quantified using histopathological assays. In addition, hematological parameters were quantitated using automated analysers, cytokine levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CRP levels were determined using a high-sensitivity immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: Low doses of propranolol suppressed the systemic production of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6; however, the hematological parameters were not affected. Conclusions: β-adrenergic activation indirectly contributes to the pattern of systemic inflammatory molecules observed in periodontal disease. These molecules may initiate cardiovascular diseases as a consequence of periodontitis.

An oral cavity profile in illicit- Drug abusers? Muhammad Mahmoud Al Bush Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):517-524 Background: The aim of this study is to shed the light on the oral cavity profile assessing teeth and periodontal tissues in previously illicit drug abusers of cannabis and heroin with different drug addiction circumstances. Materials and Methods: Study population included 100 inmates, aged 21–64 years, incarcerated for previous addiction to cannabis or heroin. Personal information and drug circumstances of addiction were registered with dental and periodontal parameters including daily teeth brushing frequency, decayed missed filled teeth (DMFT), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), recession, and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Results: Half of the population were illiterate, and 70% were married. Heroin was the most previously abused drug and more than 70% of the participants had been addicted for more than 12 months. Low teeth brushing activity profile dominated with higher values for DMFT and BOP in the heroin group compared with the cannabis (after age adjustment) (DMFT = 22.6 ± 7.9, 18.5 ± 9.8, respectively, P = 0.03) (BOP = 60% ± 30%, 66.6% ± 32%, respectively). In addition, higher values of BOP were recorded in the heroin injecting group compared with both of heroin fumes inhalation and cannabis smoking (BOP = 76.41% ± 27.7%, 59.12% ± 33.6%, 60.05% ± 31.8% P = 0.04, respectively), whereas PI, GI, Reces, and CAL means were comparable among groups regardless of other addiction circumstances. Conclusion: Abused drug type and the way its chemical form being administered would negatively affect, directly or indirectly, the oral cavity concomitantly with the sustained state of self-negligence and less interest in implementing the oral hygiene measurements. Altogether, addiction circumstances synergize leading to a distinctive dental and oral profile which would impose a burden to adapt a more customized treatment approach.

Comparative evaluation of C-reactive protein and complete blood count in chronic periodontitis patients following Phase I therapy: A serological and hematological study Shailly Luthra, Harpreet Singh Grover, Alka Singh, Adosh Lall, Sujata Surendra Masamatti Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):525-533 Background: Periodontitis is an example of persistent low-grade disease. The primary cause for the disease is anaerobic gram-negative bacteria thriving in a protective biofilm in subgingival periodontal pockets. The treatment of this infection is removal of these deposits by mechanical instrumentation (Phase I therapy). This can help achieve reduction of the bacterial load thus suppressing localized inflammation. Phase I therapy or mechanical debridement of the subgingival area causes a severe transient bacteremia along with some damage to the surrounding soft tissue, resulting in a systemic inflammatory response being elicited. The objective of the current study was to comparatively assess periodontal parameters, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and transitory alterations in hematological parameters; in 30-systemically healthy patients having chronic periodontitis, before and after Phase I therapy. Materials and Method: The individuals underwent an intensive session of mechanotherapy with ultrasonic scalers. Blood samples were taken before treatment and at 1, 7, and 30 days after treatment to assess the parameters. Results: There was a clear recuperation in periodontal parameters as well as marked improvement in the values of CRP and complete blood count (CBC) by 30 days after transient alterations occurring initially. Conclusion: Phase I (mechanotherapy) – the first step in treatment of periodontitis leads to transient bacteremia by systemic dispersal of bacteria harbored in dental plaque. This produces an acute-phase response resulting in variations in the levels of CRP and the CBC counts. After a month, both periodontal and hematological parameters show marked improvement, thus establishing periodontal health and decreasing the risk of inadvertent cardiovascular or thromboembolic episode.

Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 0.2% sodium hypochlorite (Hi Wash) mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash on plaque-induced gingivitis: A clinical trial Rohit Mishra, Kabbur Thippanna Chandrashekar, Vandana Dubey Tripathi, Anushree Hazari, Blessy Shin Sabu, Anurag Sahu Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):534-538 Background: Bleeding gums are one of the common complaints to visit a dentist. Mechanical removal of plaque alone is not sufficient for the reduction of gingival inflammation associated with plaque. Mouthwashes are supplemented to it as a homecare product. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of 0.2% sodium hypochlorite mouthwash on plaque and gingival inflammation and to assess the clinical parameters of gingivitis patients from baseline to 21 days with the use of 0.2% sodium hypochlorite and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study included 60 patients with gingival inflammation evaluated using clinical parameters such as bleeding on probing index, plaque index, and gingival index at baseline and 21 days. Group A patients were given Hi Wash mouthwash and Group B 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash with 30 patients in each group. Results: The scores for clinical parameters were significantly reduced after 21 days in Group A and Group B patients, and there was a reduction in plaque-associated gingival inflammation without scaling and root planning. Conclusions: 0.2% sodium hypochlorite mouthwash is as effective as 0.2% chlorhexidine for the treatment of gingivitis as it is an adjunct to mechanical plaque removal in terms of safety, less side effects, less staining and can be used as a routine mouthwash.

Comparison of efficacy of probiotics versus tetracycline fibers as adjuvants to scaling and root planing Lavanya Boyeena, Rekha Rani Koduganti, Veerendranath Reddy Panthula, Surya Prasanna Jammula Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):539-544 Context: Both gingivitis and periodontitis are due to the detrimental effects of the microbe-laden biofilm. The mainstay of periodontal treatment is, therefore, the disruption of this biofilm by scaling and root planing (SRP). Other treatment protocols such as systemic antimicrobials have been administered as adjuvants after scaling and root planning. However, due to antimicrobial resistance, as well as a shift of the flora from a symbiotic to a dysbiotic one, this mode of treatment has its shortcomings. Thus, local drug delivery has gained prominence as a therapeutic tool. Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of subgingivally delivered probiotics as a monotherapy, in combination with tetracycline fibers, and tetracycline fibers alone after SRP. Settings and Design: This study was a parallel arm, randomized clinical and microbiological study. Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis aged between 20 and 50 years were selected from the outpatient ward of a tertiary referral care hospital in Hyderabad and equally divided into three groups. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from January 2017 to February 2017 and ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for Plaque Index, Sulcular Bleeding Index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and microbial colony-forming units, for all the three groups at different time intervals. Paired “t-test” was used for intragroup comparison and Student's “t-test” for intergroup comparison. Results were regarded as statistically significant when P < 0.05. Results: Intragroup comparison yielded significant improvement in all the variables (P < 0.0001). However, intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences pertaining to the PD (P < 0.001) and SBI only (P < 0.001), between Group A and Group B and Group B and Group C respectively. Conclusions: Group A and Group C showed better results than Group B.

Single application of 0.8% hyaluronic acid as a coadjuvant of nonsurgical treatment in nonsmoking patients with periodontitis: A split-mouth, randomized, controlled pilot clinical trial Joana Cristina Rico Farto Lobato, Mafalda Alexandra dos Santos Vilhena, Catarina Izidoro, Ricardo Castro Alves, Luís Proença Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2019 23(6):545-548 Background: Topical coadjuvants might be indicated to increase the results of nonsurgical periodontal treatment and overcome some of its limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical benefits of a single topical application of 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA) as a coadjuvant to scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontal patients. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients diagnosed with periodontitis were recruited to participate in this split-mouth randomized controlled trial. At baseline, oral hygiene instructions, prophylaxis, and SRP were performed in both sides; additionally, a subgingival application of HA at 0.8% was made in the test side. Several clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks later: full mouth plaque score, gingival score, bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: At the end of 12 weeks, there was a overall improvement in all periodontal parameters in both sides (P < 0.05). Test sides showed less BoP when compared to the control sides (9.4 ± 4.0 vs. 14.9 ± 8.9, P < 0.05). Other periodontal parameters such as PD and CAL showed a slight improvement in comparison with the control sides, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that a single subgingival application of 0.8% HA seems to reduce gingival inflammation and improve clinical parameters, particularly BoP. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of repeated application of HA and long-term results.