Population density affects fitness through various processes, such as mate finding and competition. The fitness of individuals in a population can in turn affect its density, making population density a key quantity linking ecological and evolutionary processes. Density effects are, however, rarely homogeneous. Different life-history processes can be affected by density over different spatial scales. In birds, for example, competition for food may depend on the number of birds nesting in the direct...
Sun Sep 08, 2019 03:00
Antibiotic resistance continues to grow as a public health problem. One of the reasons for this continued growth is that resistance to antibiotics is strongly selected for in the presence of antibiotics and weakly selected against after their removal. This is frequently thought to be due to the effects of compensatory mutations. However, compensatory mutations are often not found in clinically relevant strains of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Here, we conduct experiments in vitro that highlight...
Sun Sep 08, 2019 03:00
Ezrin, radixin, moesin, and merlin are the cytoskeletal proteins that participate in cell cortex rearrangements and also play role in cancer progression. Here we perform a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the protein family in metazoans spanning 87 species. The results describe a possible mechanism of the proteins origin in the root of Metazoa, paralogs diversification in vertebrates and acquirement of novel functions, including tumor suppression. In addition, a merlin paralog, present in most...
Sun Sep 08, 2019 03:00
Environmental changes caused by urbanization and noise pollution can have profound effects on acoustic communication. Many organisms use higher sound frequencies in urban environments with low-frequency noise, but the developmental and evolutionary mechanisms underlying these shifts are less clear. We used a common garden experiment to ask whether changes in minimum song frequency observed 30 years after a songbird colonized an urban environment are a consequence of behavioral flexibility or canalized...
Sun Sep 08, 2019 03:00
Abstract Circadian rhythms refer to biological rhythms that have an endogenous period length of approximately 24 hr. However, not much is known about the variance in the development of the sleep–wake rhythm. The study objectives were (a) to describe the normative variation in the development of a sleep–wake rhythm in infancy, (b) to assess whether slower development is related to sleep quality and (c) to evaluate factors that are related to the slower development of a sleep–wake rhythm. The study...
Sun Sep 08, 2019 14:33
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Objectives:Increasing number of studies has focused on studying the relationship between glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphism and children acute leukemia, among which discrepancies have risen. The aim of this study is to provide a more exact assessment of glutathione S-transferase T1 polymorphism and children acute leukemia among certain Chinese population.Methods:Studies were identified using PubMed, Springer Link,...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 09:26
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Objective:To identify the effect of curcumin on tumor suppression and the possible molecular pathways involved.Methods:The expression of long noncoding RNA neighbor of BRCA1 lncRNA 2 (NBR2) was quantified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on cultured colorectal cancer cells. Next, we used Western blot to measure the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mechanistic target...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 09:27
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. MicroRNAs function as either tumor suppressor or oncogene in human cancers. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-27b in osteosarcoma. Expression of miR-27b or homeobox B8 in osteosarcoma cell lines was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Luciferase activity reporter assay and Western blot were conducted to explore the association between miR-27b and homeobox...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 09:27
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Purpose:To evaluate the magnitude of interobserver variability in pretreatment image registration for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy patients in aggregate and within 3 clinical subgroups and to determine methods to identify patients expected to demonstrate larger variability.Methods and Materials:Retrospective image registration was performed for the first and last treatment fraction for 10 lung stereotactic...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 09:28
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumors of the cartilage that are chemoresistant and radioresistant to X-rays. This restricts the treatment options essential to surgery. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of chondrosarcoma to X-rays and C-ions in vitro. The sensitivity of 4 chondrosarcoma cell lines (SW1353, CH2879, OUMS27, and L835) was determined by clonogenic survival assays and cell cycle progression. In addition,...
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Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Objective:Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in humans. Finding a highly sensitive and specific marker is very important. This study investigated the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor in exhaled breath condensate and serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.Methods:From October 17, 2013, to June 5, 2017, exhaled breath condensate and blood samples from 155 patients with non-small...
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Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Treatment planning is an essential step of the radiotherapy workflow. It has become more sophisticated over the past couple of decades with the help of computer science, enabling planners to design highly complex radiotherapy plans to minimize the normal tissue damage while persevering sufficient tumor control. As a result, treatment planning has become more labor intensive, requiring hours or even days of planner effort...
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Abstract Sexual signal evolution may present fitness consequences for the non‐signaling sex due to shared genes and altered social conditions, but this is rarely studied in natural populations. On the Hawaiian Island of Kauai, most male Teleogryllus oceanicus (Pacific field crickets) lack the ability to sing because of a novel wing mutation (flatwing) that arose and spread in <20 generations. Obligately silent flatwing males have been highly successful because they avoid detection by a deadly,...
Sun Sep 08, 2019 11:04
Abstract Maternal inheritance of mitochondria creates a sex‐specific selective sieve through which mitochondrial mutations harmful to males but not females accumulate and contribute to sexual differences in longevity and disease susceptibility. Because eggs and sperm are under disruptive selection, sperm are predicted to be particularly vulnerable to the genetic load generated by maternal inheritance, yet evidence for mitochondrial involvement in male fertility is limited and controversial. Here,...
Sun Sep 08, 2019 17:09
Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the synergetic effect of the pelvic rotation and X-ray offset on the radiographic anteversion/inclination (RA/RI) angles of the acetabular cup using a mathematical model. A cone model for establishing the spatial relationship between a three-dimensional (3D) circle and its two-dimensional (2D) elliptical projection is utilized to quantify the relationship between the 3D RA/RI angles of the cup and their 2D counterparts with...
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Abstract Bacitracin is a cyclic dodecyl peptide antibiotic that is an effective bacteriocide against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria. Bacitracin has been widely used as an antibacterial feed additive for livestock since it is not absorbed easily by the intestine and is easily excreted. Precursor availability has been proven to be one of the core factors for bacitracin production by many previous studies. In this study, we focused on enhancing the supply of the precursor...
Sat Sep 07, 2019 03:00
Abstract Specific recognition and bacterial adhesion to host cells by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the first steps towards infection of epithelial tissue of the human urogenital system. Therefore, targeting of UPEC virulence factors, relevant for adhesion, is a promising approach for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). A fully characterized plant-derived aqueous extract from the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus (OWE), a plant traditionally used in...
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Tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, margin status, polyp shape, and size are important parameters of malignant polyps (pT1) indicating possible node metastasis, which justifies a surgery. However, the size, margin, and lymphovascular invasion are often unknown or difficult to assess in a piecemeal polypectomy from a nonpedunculated malignant polyp. The aim of the study was to identify adverse histologic features in nonpedunculated malignant polyps associated with an increased risk of...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
Secretory carcinoma is a special-type breast carcinoma underpinned by a recurrent t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation resulting in ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a pan-TRK antibody has been recently shown to help identify NTRK rearrangements in other tumor types. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of pan-TRK IHC in secretory carcinoma of the breast. Pan-TRK IHC was performed using a rabbit monoclonal antibody on whole sections of 24 breast secretory...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
Budesonide oral suspension (BOS) is a novel topical corticosteroid, which has been shown to improve symptoms and endoscopic appearance, and reduce peak eosinophil counts in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). This trial evaluated the effect of BOS or placebo on the severity (grade) and extent (stage) of 8 histopathologic features observed in EoE, using the validated eosinophilic esophagitis histologic scoring system (EoE HSS). Patients with EoE aged 11 to 40 years with dysphagia were randomized...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
Prostate cancer is well known to metastasize to the testis and is not an uncommon finding on castration performed for advanced disease. Although germ cell tumors make up the majority of testis neoplasms, there are more rare tumors, such as rete testis adenocarcinoma, that can mimic metastatic disease. NKX3.1 and prostein (P501S) are antibodies highly specific for prostate origin. Relatively little is known of the expression of these markers in testicular tissue. We investigated the expression of...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
Spitz melanoma is a rare variant of melanoma defined by distinct clinical, histologic, and genetic features and affecting patients of all ages. Half of these tumors are driven by fusion of kinase genes including ALK, NTRK1/3, ROS1, RET, MET, or BRAF. We recently reported recurrent fusion or truncation of the potentially targetable serine-threonine kinase gene MAP3K8 in 33% of Spitz melanomas. Here we describe the histologic features of these MAP3K8-rearranged tumors (16 pediatric Spitz melanomas;...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
With increasing use of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in diagnosis of premalignant lesions of cervix, we occasionally encounter p16 positivity in squamous metaplasia that lacks morphologic characteristics of “atypical squamous metaplasia” or of squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). Our study aims to investigate if transcriptionally active human papilloma virus (HPV) can be identified in such foci and if they have any relationship with squamo-columnar junction (SCJ) cells. Twenty-two cases of cervical...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
The frequency and prognostic significance of the histologic type in early-stage ovarian cancer (OC) is not as well established as in advanced stages. In addition, histologic typing based only on morphologic features may be difficult, especially in high-grade tumors. In this study, we have analyzed a prospective cohort of 502 early-stage OCs to investigate their frequency, immunohistochemical characteristics, and survival of the 5 main histologic types. Histotype was assigned according to not only...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
Purpose: Myopathic blepharoptoses (ptoses) is a complex group of disorders. To date, no formal categorization scheme has been developed based on associated ocular and systemic findings, genetic fingerprint, treatment, and prognosis for each ptosis in this group. We report a new classification scheme for myopathic ptoses. Methods: Literature review and classification development. Results: A new classification scheme of myopathic ptoses includes isolated static myopathic ptosis (congenital...
Mon Aug 19, 2019 03:00
Orbital varices are thin-walled venous structures that are asymptomatic in most individuals. Sometimes thrombosis of an orbital varix is the initial presentation of a previously unknown orbital varix. The authors present a case of a 39-year-old male who presented with sudden onset of pain and proptosis of his right eye over a period of 2–3 hours, possibly secondary to asphyxiation. A CT scan of the orbits revealed bilateral orbital masses in the posterior inferior orbit consistent with thrombosed...
Mon Aug 19, 2019 03:00
Cerebrospinal fluid leaks are rarely encountered by orbital surgeons, but can occur during dacryocystorhinostomy, orbital decompression, orbital exenteration, and enucleation. The authors present a case of cerebrospinal fluid leak from an injury to the orbital roof during orbital exenteration with the use of monopolar cautery. This was repaired with multilayer closure. Surgeons performing orbital exenteration must be aware of the possibility of this complication when using monopolar electrocautery...
Mon Aug 19, 2019 03:00
Abstract Purpose The aim of this anatomical study was to describe a local perforator flap, for covering shoulder defects, by determining the features of the acromial branch of the thoraco-acromial artery (abTAA), and the supplied cutaneous area. Methods Thirteen fresh cadaveric thoraxes were dissected bilaterally. A precise and reproducible protocol was performed....
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
On the importance of the innervation of the human cervical longitudinal ligaments at vertebral level
Abstract Purpose In our aging society, the prevalence of degenerative spinal diseases rose drastically within the last years. However, up till now, the origin of cervical pain is incompletely understood. While animal and small cadaver studies indicate that a complex system of sensory and nociceptive nerve fibers in the anterior (ALL) and posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) at the level of the intervertebral disc might be involved, there...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
Abstract Purpose This study aims to evaluate the morphology of the coccyx in adults with multidetector computed tomography and to contribute to the classification of the coccyx using intercoccygeal and sacrococcygeal angle measurements. Methods The pelvic computed tomography images of 224 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The multiplanar reconstruction...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
Abstract Anatomy and Lyon have a very long history together since the first hospital in France was set up on the banks of the Saône River in the fourteenth century. The Lyon school of Anatomy was originally in the Hôtel-Dieu, which later housed the “secondary” (1821) then “preparatory” (1841) schools. Only in 1877 was the Medicine and Pharmacy Faculty set up. The development of anatomy teaching followed the rise of printing in the fifteenth century. The rise of surgery was founded...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 03:00
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the acetabular teardrop (the structure located inferomedially in the acetabulum, just superior to the obturator foramen. The medial lip is the interior, and the lateral lip is the exterior of the acetabular wall) with the inferior acetabular rim as anatomical landmarks to measure the acetabular abduction angle (AAD) using coronal CT images from different levels. ...
Sat Sep 07, 2019 03:00
Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the three-dimensional morphometric features of the sella turcica using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in subjects with unilateral and bilateral maxillary impacted canines and normal controls. Methods In this retrospective study, CBCT images captured with ultra-low dose protocol of 73 subjects...
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01416K, PaperYuya Nagai, Woon Yong Sohn, Kenji KatayamaMultivariate curve resolution (MCR) has been widely utilized to reveal the constituents of chemicals from the multiple spectral data of chemical mixtures. In the MCR calculation, the singular value decomposition...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Μια νέα μελέτη που δημοσιεύθηκε στο International Journal of Cancer υποστηρίζει ότι υπάρχει μια αντίστροφη σχέση μεταξύ της κατανάλωσης μανιταριών και της ανάπτυξης καρκίνου του προστάτη στους μεσήλικους και ηλικιωμένους άνδρες στην Ιαπωνία. Το γεγονός αυτό υποδεικνύει ότι η τακτική κατανάλωση μανιταριών πιθανότατα να μπορεί να συμβάλει στην πρόληψη του καρκίνου του προστάτη. Συνολικά 34.499 άνδρες ηλικίας από 40 έως 79 ετών, που περιλαμβάνονταν στη Μελέτη Κοόρτης Miyagi του 1990 και στη Μελέτη...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 08:11
Μια μέθοδος αναγέννησης του καρδιακού μυ μετά από έμφραγμα θεωρείται ως το «ιερό δισκοπότηρο» της Αναγεννητικής Ιατρικής, χωρίς ωστόσο μέχρι σήμερα να έχει επιτευχθεί κάποιο σημαντικό βήμα προς την επίτευξη αυτού του στόχου. Αλλά τώρα ερευνητές του Πανεπιστημίου του Τέξας, Southwestern, ανακοίνωσαν ότι κατάφεραν να «ξεκλειδώσουν» τον υποκείμενο μοριακό μηχανισμό της αναγέννησης της καρδιάς στο μόνο ζωικό μοντέλο που επί του παρόντος είναι γνωστό ότι μπορεί να αναγεννηθεί μια σημαντική αναλογία του...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 08:22
Καινοτόμος τεχνολογία τεχνητής νοημοσύνης μπορεί να εντοπίζει τους ανθρώπους που διατρέχουν υψηλό κίνδυνο θανατηφόρου καρδιακής προσβολής τουλάχιστον πέντε χρόνια πριν το συμβάν, σύμφωνα με νέα έρευνα που παρουσιάστηκε στο συνέδριο της Ευρωπαϊκής Καρδιολογικής Εταιρείας και δημοσιεύθηκε στο European Heart Journal. Οι ερευνητές από το Πανεπιστήμιο της Οξφόρδης ανέπτυξαν έναν νέο βιοδείκτη (ή «δακτυλικό αποτύπωμα» όπως το χαρακτήρισαν οι ίδιοι), χρησιμοποιώντας την τεχνική της μηχανικής εκμάθησης,...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 08:40
Ένα συγκεκριμένο γονίδιο που σχετίζεται με τον αυτισμό φαίνεται να υφίσταται αλλαγές στο σπέρμα των ανδρών που κάνουν χρήση ινδικής κάνναβης, σύμφωνα με μία νέα μελέτη που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Epigenetics. Η μετάλλαξη του γονιδίου συμβαίνει μέσα από μια διαδικασία που ονομάζεται μεθυλίωση του DNA και θα μπορούσε να μεταβιβαστεί στους απογόνους. Οι ερευνητές που διενήργησαν την έρευνα τονίζουν ότι τα ευρήματα δεν αποδεικνύουν απόλυτη σύνδεση μεταξύ της χρήσης κάνναβης και του αυτισμού, αλλά μια πιθανή...
Fri Sep 06, 2019 08:50
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