A type of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm called a generative adversarial...Read more on AuntMinnieEurope.comRelated Reading: AI malware highlights imaging's security weaknesses Fake views: Generating image data for machine learning AI algorithm produces synthetic brain MR images BIR: How machine learning can cut false positives Neural networks read mammograms as well as radiologists
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ConclusionNSD, CB, impacted teeth, and age were not found to be related to MSV. Gender had an effect on MSV and males had higher mean sinus volume than females. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
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ConclusionAlthough all three SLIT medicines are effective in improving AR symptoms, the adherence to SLIT assessed in accordance with dropout rate was the lowest in the Staloral®. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
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ConclusionIt was concluded that tinnitus disrupts the functioning of auditory working memory and is governed by the annoyance caused by tinnitus. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
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ConclusionThe negative effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia related with OSAS on the brainstem and vestibular system can be demonstrated by VEMP tests. Especially, the inability to obtain the wave is the most important finding showing this situation. Also, we think that N1P2 interval and P1N1 amplitude markers can be used to detect the subclinical negative effect of chronic hypoxia on vestibular nuclei in the brainstem. (Source: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)
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Natalizumab, an α4-integrin antagonist, is a disease-modifying therapy (DMT), used for the treatment of the relapsing–remitting type of multiple sclerosis (MS) [1,2]. Treatment with natalizumab can be complicated by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is rare but fatal in near 20% of cases and may lead to disabilities in survivors [3,4]. The causative agent of PML is the John Cunningham virus (JCV), which is an opportunistic polyomavirus [5]. It should be considered that all JCV...
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) kills 153 people a day in the United States and almost 3 million people suffered TBI in 2013 [1]. Patients who survive the initial injury may endure long-lasting effects including cognitive deficits, depression, personality changes and functional disability. However, the processes leading to these secondary injuries are unclear. We hypothesize that TBI is associated with an increase in systemic inflammatory response characterized by elevation cytokines and chemokines...
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All surgeons and anesthesiologists partner with each other in order to provide high-quality operative care. In Otolaryngology, specifically, the communication between surgeon and anesthesiologist is intimate and can be very complicated. Guest editors Drs Adam Levine, Samuel DeMaria, and Satish Govindaraj have crafted this issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America to address the very particular concerns that are raised when these 2 types of specialists are providing care to a single patient.
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ACUTE POSTOPERATIVE pain after thoracic surgery represents one of the most severe types of pain and is made worse by the constant movement of breathing.1 Thoracic anesthesiologists do not rely much on regional analgesia to manage this type of pain and rather use the intravenous route for the majority of analgesia.2
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PERICARDIOCENTESIS generally is performed emergently on hemodynamically unstable patients.1 The clinical context and nature of the procedure limit training opportunities for cardiologists-in-training. Even though high-fidelity haptic training simulators are commercially available for pericardiocentesis, they are expensive, have a limited life span, and are devoid of clinical variability.2 Because of their limited availability, these phantom models are not used routinely for pericardiocentesis task...
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Over the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as the recommended approach for patients with high and intermediate risk for surgical aortic valve replacement. Even though initial trials demonstrated a higher incidence of conduction abnormalities (CAs), such as left bundle branch block, atrial fibrillation, and permanent pacemaker implantation with TAVR, the incidence of CAs has not decreased. With an increasing number of patients expected to undergo TAVR in the coming...
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THE LUNGS and heart can be visualized as closely related neighbors, with any intervention or disease of one intricately affecting the other. Despite refinements in the perfusion, surgical, and anesthetic regimens, lung injury after cardiac surgery continues to pose a formidable diagnostic and management challenge.1 A multitude of factors, such as median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and associated inflammatory response, blood transfusion, capillary injury, mechanical ventilation and, cardiopulmonary...
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To test the feasibility and investigate possible cardiovascular effects of a sustained high-dose intravenous thiamine protocol in patients undergoing combined valvular and coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04957
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06910
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04956
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05779
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04726
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05758
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03824
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05466
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06998
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Although several cases of hepatitis B virus reactivation have been described in patients with a history of hepatitis B virus infection while undergoing treatment for hepatitis C virus infection with direct act...
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Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0040-5Fibrosis features in numerous chronic diseases, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and heart failure, and no existing therapies can prevent or reverse this abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, which leads to organ dysfunction. Here, Liu and colleagues describe how this energy-intensive process could be targeted by therapies that interfere with metabolism, including the metabolic implications...
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Abstract Flow-diverting stents (FDS) are used to treat cerebral aneurysms. They promote the formation of a stable thrombus within the aneurysmal sac and, if successful, isolate the aneurysmal dome from mechanical stresses to prevent rupture. Platelet activation, a mechanism necessary for thrombus formation, is known to respond to biomechanical stimuli, particularly to the platelets’ residence time and shear stress exposure. Currently, there is no reliable method for predicting...
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Abstract An automatic elastic registration method suited for vascularized organs is proposed. The vasculature in both the preoperative and intra-operative images is represented as a graph. A typical application of this method is the fusion of pre-operative information onto the organ during surgery, to compensate for the limited details provided by the intra-operative imaging modality (e.g. cone beam CT) and to cope with changes in the shape of the organ. Due to image modalities...
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Abstract New porous implant designs made possible by additive manufacturing allow for increased osseointegration, potentially improving implant performance and longevity for patients that require massive bone implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate how implantation and the strain distribution in the implant affect the pattern of bone ingrowth and how changes in tissue density within the pores alter the stresses in implants. The hypothesis was that porous metal implants...
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Abstract Head injury in contact sports can be mitigated, in part, through the enhancement of protective helmets that may be enabled by detailed finite element models. However, many contemporary helmet FE models include simplified geometry and material properties and have limited verification and validation over a representative range of impact conditions. To address these limitations, a detailed numerical model of a modern football helmet was developed, integrated with two headforms...
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Abstract For most cancers, metastasis is the point at which disease is no longer curable. Earlier detection of metastasis, when it is undetectable by current clinical methods, may enable better outcomes. We have developed a biomaterial implant that recruits metastatic cancer cells in mouse models of breast cancer. Here, we investigate spectral ultrasound imaging (SUSI) as a non-invasive strategy for detecting metastasis to the implanted biomaterial scaffolds. Our results show that...
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Towards Identification of Correspondence Rules to Relate Traumatic Brain Injury in Different Species
Abstract Traumatic brain injury analysis in humans is exceedingly difficult due to the intrusive methods by which data can be collected; thus, many researchers commonly implement animal surrogates. However, ethical concerns and cost limit the scope of these tests on animal subjects too. Computational models, which provide an alternative method to data collection, are not constrained by these concerns and are able to generate significant amounts of data in relatively short time....
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Abstract Dozens of finite element models of the human brain have been developed for providing insight into the mechanical response of the brain during impact. Many models used in traumatic brain injury research are based on different computational techniques and approaches. In this study, a comprehensive review of the numerical methods implemented in 16 brain models was performed. Differences in element type, mesh size, element formulation, hourglass control, and solver were...
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Abstract Head impacts leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI) present a major health risk today, projected to become the third leading cause of death by 2020. While finite element (FE) models of the human brain are important tools to understand and mitigate TBI, many unresolved issues remain that need to be addressed to improve these models. This work aims to provide readers with background information regarding the current state of research in this field as well as to present...
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Abstract Background Multiple squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development within the oral cavity is an important consequence of mucosal field cancerization. We have previously profiled contemporaneous demographics and confirmed a rising incidence of oral cancer within the Hong Kong population. In this further study, we sought to characterise the presenting clinico‐pathological features and clinical outcome consequent upon multiple primary tumour (PT) development. Methods Having accessed the...
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Abstract Objectives Due to bone loss, endosseous implants often require addition of a bone graft to support adequate primary fixation, bone regeneration, and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of autogeneic and allogeneic bone grafts when used during simultaneous insertion of the implant. Materials and Methods 4mm diameter rabbit diaphyseal bone autografts or allografts (n=16/group) with a 3.2mm pre‐drilled hole in the center were placed into a 4mm defect...
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