Since the autosomal genome is shared between the sexes, sex-specific fitness optima present an evolutionary challenge. While sexually antagonistic selection might favor different alleles within males and females, segregation randomly reassorts alleles at autosomal loci between sexes each generation. This process of homogenization during transmission thus prevents between-sex allelic divergence generated by sexually antagonistic selection from accumulating across multiple generations. However, recent...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
The relative contributions of genetics and environment to temporal and geographic variation in human height remain largely unknown. Ancient DNA has identified changes in genetic ancestry over time, but it is not clear whether those changes in ancestry are associated with changes in height. Here, we directly test whether changes over the past 38,000 years in European height predicted using DNA from 1071 ancient individuals are consistent with changes observed in 1159 skeletal remains from comparable...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Understanding the molecular basis of adaptation to the environment is a central question in evolutionary biology, yet linking detected signatures of positive selection to molecular mechanisms remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that combining sequence-based phylogenetic methods with structural information assists in making such mechanistic interpretations on a genomic scale. Our integrative analysis shows that positively selected sites tend to co-localise on protein structures and that positively...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
The delimitation of species-boundaries, particularly those obscured by reticulation, is a critical step in contemporary biodiversity assessment. It is especially relevant for conservation and management of indigenous fishes in western North America, represented herein by two species with dissimilar life-histories co-distributed in the highly modified Colorado River (i.e., Flannelmouth Sucker, Catostomus latipinnis; Bluehead Sucker, C. Pantosteus discobolus). To quantify phylogenomic patterns and...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Unlike wild and domestic canaries (Serinus canaria), or any of the three dozen species of finches in genus Serinus, the domestic urucum breed of canaries exhibits bright red bills and legs. This novel bare-part coloration offers a unique opportunity to understand how leg and bill coloration evolve in birds. To identify the causative locus, we resequenced the genome of urucum canaries and performed a range of analyses to search for genotype-to-phenotype associations across the genome. We identified...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Fitness functions are at the heart of ecology and evolution as they simultaneously determine both population dynamics and the strength of selection. We link the Breeders and Price equations with structured population models constructed from fitness functions to show how ecological and evolutionary dynamics are intimately linked. Analyses of our models reveal i) how multi- generational predictions of evolution are sensitive to assumptions about phenotypic plasticity and non-genetic inheritance, ii)...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Recent technical advances combined with novel computational approaches promised the acceleration of our understanding of the tree of life. However, when it comes to hyperdiverse and poorly known groups of invertebrates, studies are still scarce. As published phylogenies will be rarely challenged by future taxonomists, careful attention must be paid to potential analytical bias. We present the first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the family Chalcididae, an emblematic group of parasitoid wasps,...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Background: A hallmark of arthropods is their segmented body, and the so-called Drosophila segmentation gene cascade that controls this process serves as one of the best-studied gene regulatory networks. An important group of segmentation genes is represented by the pair-rule genes (PRGs). One of these genes was thought to be the type-II transmembrane protein encoding gene Tenascin-m (Ten-m (aka odd Oz)). Ten-m, however, does not have a pair-rule function in Drosophila, despite its characteristic...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Background: The faster-X effect, namely the rapid evolution of protein-coding genes on the X-chromosome, has been reported in numerous metazoans. However, the prevalence of this phenomenon across metazoans and its potential causes remain largely unresolved. Analysis of sex-biased genes may elucidate its possible mechanisms: a more pronounced faster-X effect in male-biased genes than in female-biased or unbiased genes, suggests fixation of recessive beneficial mutations rather than genetic drift....
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
In human populations, relative levels of neutral polymorphism on the X and autosomes differ markedly from each other and from the naive theoretical expectation of 3/4. These differences have attracted considerable attention, with studies highlighting several potential causes, including male biased mutation and reproductive variance, historical changes in population size, and selection at linked loci. We revisit this question in light of our new theory about the effects of life history and given pedigree-based...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
The Old World cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera was first detected in Brazil with subsequent reports from Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay. This pattern suggests that the H. armigera spread across the South American continent following incursions into northern/central Brazil, however, this hypothesis has not been tested. Here we compare northern and central Brazilian H. armigera mtDNA COI haplotypes with those from southern Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Paraguay. We infer spatial genetic...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Multi-drug resistant S. aureus is a leading concern worldwide. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are claimed to be the reservoir and source of important resistant elements in S. aureus. However, the origin and evolutionary route of resistant genes in S. aureus are still remaining unknown. Here, we performed a detailed phylogenomic analysis of 152 completely sequenced S. aureus strains in comparison with 7,529 non-S. aureus reference bacterial genomes. Our results reveals that S. aureus has...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Mechanisms linking genotype to phenotype must simultaneously buffer organisms from developmental noise and allow for phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental cues. How mechanistic robustness and flexibility in biological systems bias evolution toward predictable outcomes remains an area of active debate. In this study, we leveraged phenotypic plasticity and parallel adaptation across independent lineages of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to assess the predictability of transcriptional...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Background: Preclinical investigations of the effects of general anesthesia on the young brain show differences in vulnerability of males and females to anesthetic exposure at different times during development. However, the mechanism underlying this sex difference is poorly understood. Perinatal testosterone is the primary determinant of sexual differentiation and likely plays an important role in defining the period of susceptibility to anesthetic injury. We investigated whether the removal...
Tue Aug 20, 2019 03:00
Abstract It is well known that endurance exercise modulates the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal system. However, knowledge about its effects on brain function and structure is rather sparse. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate exercise-dependent adaptations in neurovascular coupling to different intensity levels in motor-related brain regions. Moreover, expertise effects between trained endurance athletes (EA) and active control participants (ACP) during...
03:00
Abstract Purpose The treatment of pancreatic carcinoma remains a challenge as prognosis is poor, even if confined to a single anatomical region. A regional treatment of pancreatic cancer with high drug concentrations at the tumor site may increase response behaviour. Intra-arterial administration of drugs generates homogenous drug distribution throughout the entire tumor volume. ...
03:00
Abstract Purpose To determine the association between lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) among patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Materials and methods From 2003 and 2018, retrospective data of 453 patients treated for UTUC with open, laparoscopic, or robotic RNU were collected. Pathological specimens...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Abstract Background Schwann cells (SC) may play an important role in perineural invasion (PNI) by promoting cancer cell dispersion. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may contribute to these cellular events by activating tropomyosine receptor kinase B (TrkB). This study examines the effect of TrkB inhibition on SC migration and oral cancer cell dispersion in vitro. Methods Human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC‐9) and human SCs were cocultured in three different conditioned mediums:...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 13:52
Abstract Background Orocutaneous fistula (OCF) is one of the frequently encountered postoperative complications following surgery for oral cancer, leading to prolonged hospital stay and delay in the initiation of adjuvant therapy. Methods We included all patients with oral cancer operated between January 2016 to December 2017 and at risk to develop an OCF. We assessed the incidence of OCF, its management, and factors predisposing to its development. Results Of 587 eligible patients,...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 13:44
Abstract Background M2 macrophages are often detected in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which, influenced by hypoxic conditions, appear to have high angiogenesis‐inducing capacity. However, the effects of immunosenescence on tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) and angiogenesis in OSCC are unknown. Methods Fifty‐seven OSCCs were divided into 3 groups (I: <40 years [n = 17]; II: 40‐65 years [n = 20]; III: >65 years [n = 20]). Immunohistochemistry for CD68 and CD163 (TAMs), and...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 13:43
Abstract Background Surveillance in head and neck cancer (HNC) is essential to detect recurrent or new lesions and to optimize function. This study describes drivers of surveillance adherence in patients with HNC and its effect on prognosis. Methods Adherence with surveillance of HNC patients was determined using the National Comprehensive Cancer Network HNC guidelines. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine predictors of adherence and overall survival...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 13:12
Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01573F, PaperWeishan Wang, Yong Liu, Jie Niu, Weiying LinIntracellular viscosity abnormalities can lead to diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In this work, we develop a mitochondria-targetable fluorescent probe (EIMV) for discriminating normal and inflammatory models by viscosity changes....The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
02:00
Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01505A, PaperMeng Zhao, Yinjia Gao, Shuyue Ye, Jianan Ding, Anna Wang, Pengjie Li, Haibin ShiDeveloping activatable near-infrared (NIR) probes to specifically monitor and visualize the activities of cancer-related enzymes is highly significant yet challenging in early cancer diagnosis. Taking advantage of the unique photophysical...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
02:00
Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01283D, PaperXiao Liu, Yingfen Wu, Xu Wu, Julia Xiaojun Zhao3´-5´ exonuclease enzymatic activity dominates multiple pivotal physiological activities, such as assisting accurate DNA replicating and repairing process. In this article, we have designed a sensitive graphene oxide (GO)-based probe...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Sep 09, 2019 02:00
Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01137D, PaperGarrison M. Crouch, Christiana Oh, Kaiyu Fu, Paul W BohnEnabled by the proliferation of nanoscale fabrication techniques required to create spatially-repeating, sub-wavelength structures to manipulate the behavior of visible-wavelength radiation, optical metamaterials are of increasing interest. Here we develop...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Sep 09, 2019 02:00
MicroRNA-299-3p/FOXP4 Axis Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs of 21 to 23 nucleotides in length that play important roles in almost all biological pathways. The roles of microRNA-299-3p in the development and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear. Expression level of microRNA-299-3p in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines was analyzed. Then, the effects of microRNA-299-3p on oral squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and migration...
07:15
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Irreversible electroporation has raised great interest in the past decade as a means of destroying cancers in a way that does not involve heat. Irreversible electroporation is a novel ablation technology that uses short high-voltage electrical pulses to enhance the permeability of tumor cell membranes and generate irreversible nano-sized structural defects or pores, thus leading to cell death. Irreversible electroporation...
07:14
A 34-year-old man with recent treatment and resolution of community-acquired pneumonia presents to the emergency department with protracted fever, rash, and sore throat. Sustained fever and greater than two-fold increase in leukocytosis despite appropriate antibiotic therapy prompted hospital admission for infectious disease and rheumatologic evaluations which ultimately revealed adult-onset Still’s disease, a rare autoinflammatory disorder with potentially life-threatening complications.
09:05
Abstract Purpose Although several studies have reported imaging findings associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), less is known about the correlation between imaging findings and IIH-related symptoms or signs. Our study aimed to determine if clinical features of IIH are correlated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. Methods ...
03:00
Next-generation ARIA care pathways for rhinitis and asthma: a model for multimorbid chronic diseases
In all societies, the burden and cost of allergic and chronic respiratory diseases are increasing rapidly. Most economies are struggling to deliver modern health care effectively. There is a need to support th...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Abstract Downregulation of checkpoint protein kinase 2 (CHEK2), which is involved in DNA repair, is associated with poorer outcome in various tumors. Little is known about the role of CHEK2 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). In the present study, we investigated the prognostic impact of CHEK2 protein expression in stage pT1 UCB. This retrospective, single-center analysis was carried out in a cohort of patients initially diagnosed with a pT1 UCB between 2007 and 2015....
03:00
Abstract N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase ALKBH5 is best known for modulating transcript modification in plenty of human malignancies, but its role in the progression of colon cancer is not well understood. In the present study, we identified the tumor repressive role of ALKBH5 in colon cancer. ALKBH5 was downregulated in human colon cancer tissues, where its decreased expression significantly correlated with distant metastasis and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)...
03:00
Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable disease, however, novel therapeutic agents has significantly improved its prognosis. In this study we analyzed if polymorphisms in the genes of β-catenin and glutathione-S-transferase have affected the clinical course, treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS) of MM patients. Ninety-seven MM patients were involved who were administered immunomodulatory drug (Imid) or alkylating agent-based therapy. β-catenin (CTNNB1, rs4135385...
03:00
The role of sonography for depiction of a whirlpool sign unrelated to midgut malrotation in neonates
Abstract Background The sonographic whirlpool sign of volvulus due to midgut malrotation is well recognized. However, variations of the whirlpool sign may be seen in other conditions, but this observation has received little attention in the literature. Objective This study presents a series of neonates with a variety of causes of congenital intestinal obstruction,...
03:00
Publication date: September–October 2019Source: Brachytherapy, Volume 18, Issue 5Author(s):
07:32
Publication date: September–October 2019Source: Brachytherapy, Volume 18, Issue 5Author(s):
07:32
Publication date: September–October 2019Source: Brachytherapy, Volume 18, Issue 5Author(s):
07:32
Publication date: September–October 2019Source: Brachytherapy, Volume 18, Issue 5Author(s): Yuan Zhang, Min Ding, Jia-chang Chi, Tao Wang, Yao-ping Shi, Bo ZhaiAbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the feasibility and safety of ultrasound-guided iodine-125 interstitial implants for high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma.MethodsFrom October, 2016, to August, 2018, 49 patients suffering from a total of 66 hepatocellular carcinoma lesions were treated with ultrasound-guided iodine-125 interstitial implantation....
07:32
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου