Summary Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Targeted therapy has been available as an additive strategy for NSCLC patients, but the inevitable resistance to mono-targeted agents has largely hampered its usage in the clinic. We have previously designed and synthesized a novel small molecule compound S1, 2-methoxy-3-phenylsulfonamino-5-(quinazolin-6-yl) benzamides and demonstrated its inhibition of PI3K and mTOR as well...
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Summary The approval of orphan anticancer drugs in Japan has increased to meet high social demand. Drug lag, namely the approval lag of new drugs, is recognized as a social issue in Japan. We investigated the approval lag and its components, submission lag and review-time lag, between Japan and the United States (US) to reveal whether an approval lag still exists, and to identify potential factors that may contribute to reducing the approval lag. Anticancer drugs approved in...
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Summary Purpose Transdifferentiation exists within stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) secreted by tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) affects the differentiation states of epithelial cells, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Evodiamine, a natural drug, can regulate differentiation. However, the specific effects and relative mechanisms of evodiamine remain unknown. Design We used four models to observe the influence...
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Nature Communications, Published online: 09 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11997-xPublisher Correction: Ice sheets matter for the global carbon cycle
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 09 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12075-yThe authors combine anatomical mapping, electrophysiological recordings, lesions, and pharmacological and optogenetic manipulations in rats to examine the role of forelimb somatosensory flow in the dorsolateral striatum in the learning and execution of motor habits.
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 09 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12150-4Originally designed for measuring isotope abundances and elemental masses, mass spectrometry is becoming a mainstay across life sciences. As electrospray ionization of biomolecules turns 30 and the Orbitrap mass analyzer 20, we take this opportunity to highlight the role of both inventions in stirring mass spectrometry from physics into biology and discuss the advances and challenges that may impact the future...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 09 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12096-7AMPA receptors mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and are involved in synaptic plasticity. The authors show that p97 interacts with the GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors, promotes the formation of GluA1 homomeric AMPA receptors, and regulates AMPA receptor trafficking during synaptic plasticity.
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 09 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12051-6The initiation of prey invasion by the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is governed by the activity of the diguanlylate cyclase DgcB. Here the authors show that the stimulus regulating DgcB activity is a phosphopeptide derived from DgcB itself and present the crystal structures of full-length DgcB and of its empty and peptide-bound sensor domain.
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 09 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11747-zJohn Fenn’s electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) was awarded the chemistry Nobel Prize in 2002 and is now the basis of the entire field of MS-based proteomics. Technological progress continues unabated, enabling single cell sensitivity and clinical applications.
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 09 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12009-8Solar-to-fuel conversion under mild conditions offers a renewable means to store energy. Here authors report a Brownmillerite oxide for neutral-pH oxygen evolution that, when integrated with an anodized silver cathode, enables a 13.9% energy-conversion efficiency for light-driven CO2 reduction
Mon Sep 09, 2019 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 09 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12085-wHyphae are a major innovation in fungi associated with transitions to multicellularity. Here, Kiss and colleagues use comparative genomic analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary origins of hyphae and the molecular evolution of hypha morphogenesis genes.
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Background We assessed histopathological changes of ovaries and uterus in female rats subjected to different jumping exercise intensities combined with honey supplementation at one g/kg body weight/day. Methods A total of 72 rats were divided into six groups, 12 rats in each: control (C), 20 and 80 jumps (20E, 80E), honey (H), and 20 and 80 jump with honey (20EH, 80EH). Results The endometrium was significantly thicker in the rats in H, 20EH and 80EH groups compared to C, 20E,...
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Background Food waste is a major ecological concern around the globe. While the main function of packaging is to contain and protect food, it may also lead to food waste if residues remain in a package after emptying. Such residues could be attributed to wasteful behavior of consumers, but also to properties of packaging (e.g., geometry, surface tension) and food (e.g., surface tension, viscosity). Methods In this study, the technical emptiability (ability of packaging to be emptied entirely)...
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The gut microbiome plays an important role in the health of dogs. Both beneficial microbes and overall diversity can be modulated by diet. Fermentable sources of fiber in particular often increase the abundance of beneficial microbes. Banded crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus) contain the fermentable polysaccharides chitin and chitosan. In addition, crickets are an environmentally sustainable protein source. Considering crickets as a potential source of both novel protein and novel fiber for dogs, four...
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Background The association between asthma (AS), allergic rhinitis (AR) and oral diseases remains inconclusive in adults. AS and AR often coexist. However, studies that investigate AS, AR together and their association with oral diseases are scarce. Methods Data from 22,898 men and 28,541 women, aged 21 to 25 years, were collected from a national database in Taiwan. Five common oral diseases: dental caries, periodontitis,...
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Increasing cross-border trade of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) has put heavy pressure on a considerable number of species in the Himalayas. One of the threatened species in Nepal is Aconitum spicatum. Unfortunately for this species and for many others, our knowledge on population ecology and performance across the distribution range is insufficient, hindering the formulation of species-specific management plans. We therefore studied density and population structure of A. spicatum and assessed...
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The recent replication crisis has caused several scientific disciplines to self-reflect on the frequency with which they replicate previously published studies and to assess their success in such endeavours. The rate of replication, however, has yet to be assessed for ecology and evolution. Here, I survey the open-access ecology and evolution literature to determine how often ecologists and evolutionary biologists replicate, or at least claim to replicate, previously published studies. I found that...
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Abstract Purpose of Review Rising costs and increasing morbidity makes the identification and treatment of high-risk asthma phenotypes important. In this review, we outline the complex relationship between obesity and asthma. Recent Findings Studies have confirmed a bi-directional relationship between obesity and asthma. Pathophysiological factors...
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Journal of International Medical Research, Ahead of Print.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
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New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
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Mon Sep 09, 2019 19:58
Saimiri. s. sciureus infants are less active, more passive, and easier to console than two Saimiri. boliviensis subspecies. Abstract Squirrel monkeys are a long‐standing biomedical model, with multiple species and subspecies housed in research facilities. Few studies have examined the developmental differences between these subspecies, which may affect research outcomes. The primate neonatal neurobehavioral assessment was completed at 2 weeks of age with 279 dam‐reared squirrel monkeys (188 Saimiri...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 19:18
Abstract Considering the high energetic costs of maintaining constant body temperature, mammals must adjust their thermoregulatory behaviors in response to cold temperatures. Although primate daytime thermoregulation is relatively well studied, there is limited research in relation to nighttime strategies. To investigate how Skywalker hoolock gibbons (Hoolock tianxing) cope with the low temperatures found in montane forests, we collected sleep‐related behavior data from one group (NA) and a single...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 19:14
Metastasis is the leading cause of death for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, how lung cancer cells invade blood vessels during metastasis remains unclear. Here, based on bioinformatics analyses, we found that PLEK2 might regulate NSCLC migration and vascular invasion. As little is known about the function of PLEK2 in NSCLC, we aimed to clarify this. We demonstrated that PLEK2 was significantly upregulated in TGFβ1‐treated NSCLC cells through ELK1 transcriptional activation,...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 20:02
Non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a very rare malignancy that includes several histological subtypes. Each subtype may need to be addressed separately regarding prognosis and treatment; however, no phase III clinical trial data exist. Thus, treatment recommendations for patients with non‐clear cell metastatic RCC (mRCC) remain unclear. We present first prospective data on choice of first‐ and second‐line treatment in routine practice and outcome of patients with papillary mRCC. From the prospective...
Mon Sep 09, 2019 19:56
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