Speech‐in‐noise understanding in older age: The role of inhibitory cortical responsesAbstract Studies of central auditory processing underlying speech‐in‐noise recognition in aging have mainly concerned the degrading neural representation of speech sound in the auditory brainstem and cortex. Less attention has been paid to the aging‐related decline of inhibitory function, which reduces the ability to suppress distraction from irrelevant sensory input. In a response suppression paradigm, young and older adults listened to sequenc- Effects of growth hormone therapy in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency and Chiari I malformation: a retrospective studyAbstract Purpose The safety and efficacy of growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) on pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and Chiari I malformation (CIM) are not well investigated within the current body of literature. With no clear indication of the effects of GHRT on CIM disease progression, we sought to determine the effect of GHRT on tonsillar herniation and
- Processing of performance errors predicts memory formation: Enhanced feedback‐related negativities for corrected versus repeated errors in an associative learning paradigmAbstract Learning from errors or negative feedback is crucial for adaptive behavior. FMRI studies have demonstrated enhanced anterior cingulate cortex activity for errors that were later corrected versus repeated errors even when a substantial delay between the error and the opportunity to correct was introduced. We aimed at identifying the electrophysiological correlates of these processes by investigating the feedback‐related negativity (FRN)
- Nitric oxide regulates the firing rate of neuronal subtypes in the guinea pig ventral cochlear nucleusAbstract The gaseous free radical, nitric oxide (NO) acts as a ubiquitous neuromodulator, contributing to synaptic plasticity in a complex way that can involve either long term potentiation or depression. It is produced by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) which is presynaptically expressed and also located postsynaptically in the membrane and cytoplasm of a sub‐population of each major neuronal type in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). We
- Evidence for the Origin of the Binaural Interaction Component of the Auditory Brainstem ResponseAbstract The binaural interaction component (BIC) represents the mismatch between auditory brainstem responses (ABR) obtained with binaural stimulation and the sum of ABRs obtained with monaural left and right stimulation. It is generally assumed that the BIC reflects binaural integration. Its potential use as a diagnostic tool, however, is hampered by the lack of direct evidence about its origin. While an origin at the initial site of binaural
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- Fore-aft resistance applied at the center of mass using a novel robotic interface proportionately increases propulsive force generation in healthy nonimpaired individuals walking at a constant speedPast studies have utilized external interfaces like resistive bands and motor-generated pulling systems to increase limb propulsion during walking on a motorized treadmill. However, assessing changes in limb p...
- Sense of ownership and not the sense of agency is spatially bounded within the space reachable with the unaugmented handAbstract While reaching for a coffee cup, we are aware that the hand we see belongs to us and it moves at our will (reflecting our senses of ownership and agency, respectively), and that the cup is within our hand’s reach rather than beyond it (i.e., in reachable space, RS, rather than in non-reachable space, NRS). Accepted psychological explanations of our sense of ownership, sense of agency, and our perception of space surrou
- Editorial BoardPublication date: October 2019Source: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, Volume 185Author(s):
- miR-124 regulates cerebromicrovascular function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via C1ql3Publication date: Available online 6 September 2019Source: Brain Research BulletinAuthor(s): Ang-Di Li, Lei Tong, Nan Xu, Yao Ye, Peng-Yin Nie, Zhen-Yu Wang, Li-Li JiAbstractMany neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease, are associated with microvascular dysfunction, but the cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been suggested to be involved in
- Reduced influence of affective disorders on perioperative complication rates, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs following spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Related ArticlesReduced influence of affective disorders on perioperative complication rates, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs following spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 Sep 06;:1-6 Authors: Elsamadicy AA, Koo AB, Lee M, Kundishora AJ, Hong CS, Hengartner AC, Camara-Quintana J, Kahle KT, DiLuna ML Abstract OBJECTIVE: In the past decade, a gradu
- A 12-year single-center retrospective analysis of antisiphon devices to prevent proximal ventricular shunt obstruction for hydrocephalus.Related ArticlesA 12-year single-center retrospective analysis of antisiphon devices to prevent proximal ventricular shunt obstruction for hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 Sep 06;:1-10 Authors: Koueik J, Kraemer MR, Hsu D, Rizk E, Zea R, Haldeman C, Iskandar BJ Abstract OBJECTIVE: Recent evidence points to gravity-dependent chronic shunt overdrainage as a significant, if not leading, cause of
- Liquid biopsy for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: an update.Related ArticlesLiquid biopsy for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: an update. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 Sep 06;:1-8 Authors: Lu VM, Power EA, Zhang L, Daniels DJ Abstract Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), otherwise known as diffuse midline glioma with H3K27M mutation, is a devastating brainstem glioma without a cure. Efforts are currently underway to better optimize molecular diagnoses throug
- Complete recovery following transorbital penetrating head injury traversing the brainstem: case report.Related ArticlesComplete recovery following transorbital penetrating head injury traversing the brainstem: case report. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 Sep 06;:1-5 Authors: MacLean MA, Mukhida K, Shankar JJS, Schmidt MH, Clarke DB Abstract Transorbital penetration accounts for one-quarter of the penetrating head injuries (PHIs) in adults and half of those in children. Injuries that traverse (with complete
- Outcomes of hydrocephalus secondary to congenital toxoplasmosis.Related ArticlesOutcomes of hydrocephalus secondary to congenital toxoplasmosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 Sep 06;:1-8 Authors: McLone D, Frim D, Penn R, Swisher CN, Heydemann P, Boyer KM, Noble AG, Rabiah PK, Withers S, Wroblewski K, Karrison T, Hutson S, Wheeler K, Cohen W, Lykins J, McLeod R Abstract OBJECTIVE: Hydrocephalus occurs in children with congenital toxoplasmosis and can lead to severe d
- Pediatric firearm-related traumatic brain injury in United States trauma centers.Related ArticlesPediatric firearm-related traumatic brain injury in United States trauma centers. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019 Sep 06;:1-11 Authors: Deng H, Yue JK, Winkler EA, Dhall SS, Manley GT, Tarapore PE Abstract OBJECTIVE: Pediatric firearm injury is a leading cause of death and disability in the youth of the United States. The epidemiology of and outcomes following gunshot wounds to the head (GS
- Editorial BoardPublication date: 1 November 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Volume 327Author(s):
- Three-week treadmill training changes the electrophysiological properties of spinal interneurons in the miceAbstract It was shown in previous studies that endurance training enhanced excitability of rat spinal motoneurons. However, the influence of the training on the spinal interneurons remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the training effects on spinal interneurons in dorsal and ventromedial area in mice (P42–P50). The electrophysiological properties of the interneurons were recorded from spinal cord slices (T13-L6) by w
- The importance of volume and area fractions of cerebellar volume and vermian subregion areas: a stereological study on MR imagesAbstract Purpose Age, gender, and body size are important factors which are affecting the cerebellar volume (CV). Many neurological diseases lead changes in CV. The aim of this study is to measure CV and the total intracranial volume (TIV) for both genders on magnetic resonance images (MRI), to calculate the CV/TIV volume fraction, and also to determine the normal values that can be re
- Abnormalities in FGF family members and their roles in modulating depression‐related moleculesAbstract The role of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system in depression has received considerable attention in recent years. To understand the role of this system, it is important to identify the specific members of the FGF family that have been implicated and the various mechanisms that they modulated. Here, we review the role of FGFs in depression and integrate evidence from clinical and basic research. These data suggest that changes in
- Movement smoothness during a functional mobility task in subjects with Parkinson’s disease and freezing of gait – an analysis using inertial measurement unitsImpairments of functional mobility may affect locomotion and quality of life in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Movement smoothness measurements, such as the spectral arc length (SPARC), are novel appr...
- Gastrin-releasing peptide inhibits CA1 neurons via increasing inhibitory synaptic transmissions in hippocampal slices of ratsGastrin-releasing peptide plays an important role in regulating the advanced functions of the brain including emotional behavior, learning and memory. What’s more, gastrin-releasing peptide levels are also associated with the central nervous system diseases. Our previous study proposed that intraperitoneal injection of gastrin-releasing peptide can improve spatial memory in chronic ischemic model rats. It is well known that the hippocampus is an
- Duplicated Vagus Nerve in Adolescence: Case Report and Review of LiteraturePublication date: November 2019Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 131Author(s): Jason John Labuschagne, Niels HammerBackgroundVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has become an increasingly popular procedure for the treatment of epilepsy and depression. Significant complications or side effects associated with VNS surgery may result from either the inadvertent direct injury to the vagus nerve as part of the surgical approach, placement of the electrode,
- Significance of <em>H3K27M</em> Mutation in "Nonmidline" High-Grade Gliomas of Cerebral HemispheresPublication date: November 2019Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 131Author(s): Giuseppe La Rocca, Giovanni Sabatino, Roberto Altieri, Francesco Signorelli, Luca Ricciardi, Marco Gessi, Giuseppe Maria Della PepaBackground"Diffuse midline glioma H3K27M-mutant" (a mutation gene encoding H3 histone variants) represents a defined pathologic entity since the 2016 World Health Organization Central Nervous System classification and includes midline stru
- Using extracellular low frequency signals to improve the spike sorting of cerebellar complex spikesPublication date: Available online 5 September 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Gil Zur, Mati JoshuaAbstractBackgroundThe challenge of spike sorting has been addressed by numerous electrophysiological studies. These methods tend to focus on the information conveyed by the high frequencies, but ignore the potentially informative signals at lower frequencies. Activation of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum by input from the cli
- Utilizing supervised machine learning to identify microglia and astrocytes <em>in situ:</em> implications for large-scale image analysis and quantificationPublication date: Available online 5 September 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): M Liu, J Ylanko, E Weekman, T Beckett, D Andrews, J McLaurinAbstractBackgroundThe evaluation of histological tissue samples plays a crucial role in deciphering preclinical disease and injury mechanisms. High-resolution images can be obtained quickly however data acquisition are often bottlenecked by manual analysis methodologies.New MethodWe desc
- Recruitment gain of spinal motor neuron pools in cat and humanAbstract The output from a motor nucleus is determined by the synaptic input to the motor neurons and their intrinsic properties. Here, we explore whether the source of synaptic inputs to the motor neurons (cats) and the age or post-stroke conditions (humans) may change the recruitment gain of the motor neuron pool. In cats, the size of Ia EPSPs in triceps surae motor neurons (input) and monosynaptic reflexes (MSRs; output) was
- Pediatric posterior fossa incidentalomasAbstract Purpose Pediatric brain incidentalomas are increasingly being diagnosed. As the posterior fossa (PF) is the location of most brain tumors in children, lesions of this region are of special interest. Currently, the natural history of incidental lesions in the PF is unknown. We present our experience treating such lesions.
- Refractory epilepsy associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt over-drainage: case reportAbstract Epilepsy and intracranial pressure (ICP) can be interrelated. While shunt malfunction is recognized as a cause of seizures, shunt over-drainage is seldom reported as such. We report a child who had undergone ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion at the age of 6 months following an excision of a left ventricle choroid plexus papilloma, who developed refractory epilepsy since the age of 3 years. An MRI showed small ventri
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