Abstract Flagellar motility in bacteria is a highly regulated and complex cellular process that requires high energy investment for movement and host colonization. Motility plays an important role in the lifestyle of Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment and during host colonization. Flagellar motility in vibrios is associated with several cellular processes, such as movement, colonization, adhesion, biofilm formation, and virulence. The transcription...
03:17
Abstract Coupling elemental mercury (Hg0) oxidation, autotrophic denitrifying sulfur oxidation, and sulfur disproportionation offers technological potential for simultaneous Hg0 and nitric oxide (NO) removal. This study shed light on simultaneous demercuration and denitration of flue gas by a sulfur-oxidizing membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). Removal efficiency of Hg0 and NO attained 92% and 83%, respectively in long-term operation. Taxonomic and metagenomic...
03:17
Abstract Substrate amendments composed of crab shell (CS) waste materials have been shown to significantly improve the longevity and performance of acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment systems containing spent mushroom compost (SMC), yet the development of key microbial populations within these systems has not been investigated. To better understand the effects of CS on microbial dynamics in these systems, clone libraries and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed on...
03:17
Abstract Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections and among all methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains a great challenge in spite of decade research of antibacterial compounds. Even though some synthetic antibiotics have been developed, they are not effective against MRSA, and hence, there is a search for natural, alternative and plant-based antibacterial compound. In this connection, catechin isolated from cashew nut shell was investigated...
03:17
Abstract Aspergillus niger is featured with its copious amount of extracellular β-glucosidase which is generally used to balance the cellulolytic enzyme cocktails for lignocellulose saccharification. However, whether or not A. niger produces any intracellular β-glucosidase remains obscure. In this study, we analyzed a total of fifteen putative β-glucosidase genes (bgls) in A. niger CBS 513.88 genome and the five of them were predicted as intracellular...
03:17
Abstract Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a member of genus gamma-coronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry. Reverse genetics is a common technique to study the biological characteristics of viruses. So far, there is no BAC reverse genetic system available for rescue of IBV infectious clone. In the present study, a new strategy for the construction of IBV infectious cDNA clone was established....
03:17
Abstract Within the marine sphere, host-associated microbiomes are receiving growing attention as prolific sources of novel biocatalysts. Given the known biocatalytic potential of poriferan microbial inhabitants, this review focuses on enzymes from the sponge microbiome, with special attention on their relevant properties and the wide range of their potential biotechnological applications within various industries. Cultivable bacterial and filamentous...
03:17
Abstract Lipopeptides are a group of second metabolites of Bacillus and have multiple activities such as inhibiting fungi, bacteria, viruses, and tumors, showing a great potential application in agricultural and biomedical fields. However, low production severely restrained their application in practice. Deeply understanding the key elements of lipopeptide synthesis and the regulatory strategies is essential to target the improvement of lipopeptide...
03:17
Old yellow enzymes: structures and structure-guided engineering for stereocomplementary bioreduction
Abstract Since the first discovery of old yellow enzyme 1 (OYE1) from Saccharomyces pastorianus in 1932, biocatalytic asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes by OYEs has become a valuable reaction in organic synthesis. To access stereocomplementary C=C-bond bioreduction, the mining of novel OYEs and especially the protein engineering of existing OYEs have been performed, which successfully achieved the stereocomplementary reduction in several cases...
03:17
Abstract KP-43, a 43-kDa alkaline serine protease, is resistant to chemical oxidants and surfactants, making it suitable for use in laundry detergents. An amino acid residue at position 195, in a unique flexible loop that binds a Ca2+ ion, dramatically affects the proteolytic activity and thermal stability of KP-43. In the present study, we obtained 20 variants with substitutions at position 195 and investigated how these residues affect hydrolytic...
03:17
Abstract Cold-adapted (CA) microorganisms (= psychrophiles or psychrotolerants) are key players of many ecological interactions in natural ecosystems. Some of them can colonize the rhizosphere of plants and cause damage to their hosts; others, on the contrary, protect plants from their pathogens through direct and indirect mechanisms, thus promoting plant growth and development. These “protective” microbes are known as biocontrol agents (BCA). BCA...
03:17
Abstract The translation initiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) occurs at two alternative initiation sites (Lab AUG and Lb AUG). Usually, the Lb AUG is more favorably used to initiate protein synthesis than the Lab AUG. To explore the effect of Lb AUG on FMDV replication and obtain FMDV with restricted replication, this initiation codon was mutated to a variety of non-AUG codons (UGG, AUC, CUG, and AAA). Fortunately, the modifications did...
03:17
Abstract Double-promoter expression system (DPES) design as de novo metabolic engineering strategy enables fine-tuned and enhanced gene expression. We constructed a collection of monodirectional hybrid-architectured DPESs with engineered promoter variants PADH2-Cat8-L2 and PmAOX1 and with the naturally occurring promoter PGAP to enhance and upregulate-deregulated gene expressions in Pichia pastoris in methanol-free media. Reporter red fluorescent protein...
03:17
Abstract Rhamnolipids have extensive potential applications and are the most promising biosurfactants for commercialization. The efficient and accurate identification and analysis of these are important to their production, application and commercialization. Accordingly, significant efforts have been made to identify and analyse rhamnolipids during screening of producing strains, fermentation and application processes. Cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide–methylene blue (CTAB-MB)...
03:17
Abstract Because of their function of catalyzing the rearrangement of the carbon chains, thiolases have attracted increasing attentions over the past decades. The 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KAT) is a member of the thiolase, which is capable of catalyzing the Claisen condensation reaction between the two acyl-CoAs, thereby achieving carbon chain elongation. In this way, diverse value-added compounds might be synthesized starting from simple small CoA...
03:17
Abstract Leishmaniasis is a set of complex and multifaceted syndromes, with different clinical manifestations, caused by different species of the genus Leishmania spp. that can be characterized by at least four syndromes: visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also known as kala-azar), post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). Among the most serious clinical forms, VL stands out, which causes the death of around 59,000...
03:17
Abstract Here, we characterize two novel GH5 endoglucanases (GH5CelA and GH5CelB) from an uncultured bacterium identified in termite gut microbiomes. Both genes were codon-optimized, synthetized, cloned, and expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli for subsequent purification. Both enzymes showed activity on the pNPC and barley β-glucan substrates, whereas GH5CelB also showed low activity on carboxymethyl cellulose. The optimum conditions for both enzymes were an...
03:17
Abstract Arabinanases from glycoside hydrolase family GH93 are enzymes with exo-activity that hydrolyze the α-1,5 bonds between arabinose residues present on arabinan. Currently, several initiatives aiming to use byproducts rich in arabinan such as pectin and sugar beet pulp as raw material to produce various compounds of interest are being developed. However, it is necessary to use robust enzymes that have an optimal performance under pH and temperature...
03:17
Abstract The low yield as bottleneck problem limits the application of microbial flocculant in water treatment. However, genetic information of microbial flocculant-producing strains can guide the regulation of microbial flocculant production, but it remains unknown. Agrobacterium tumefaciens F2 produced polysaccharide-based microbial flocculants in the fermentation medium but none in Luria Bertani medium; hence, the transcriptome was used to analyze...
03:17
Abstract Single-cell genomics and transcriptomics can provide reliable context for assembled genome fragments and gene expression activity on the level of individual prokaryotic genomes. These methods are rapidly emerging as an essential complement to cultivation-based, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and microbial community-focused research approaches by allowing direct access to information from individual microorganisms, even from deep-branching...
03:17
Abstract Arabinofuranose substitutions on xylan are known to interfere with enzymatic hydrolysis of this primary hemicellulose. In this work, two novel α-l-arabinofuranosidases (ABFs), TtABF51A from Thielavia terrestris and EpABF62C from Eupenicillium parvum, were characterized and functionally analyzed. From sequences analyses, TtABF51A and EpABF62C belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 51 and 62, respectively. Recombinant TtABF51A showed high activity...
Thu Sep 03, 2020 03:00
Abstract Candida infections are a significant source of patient morbidity and mortality. Candida albicans is the most common pathogen causing Candida infections. Candida auris is a newly described pathogen that is associated with multi-drug-resistant candidiasis and candidaemia in humans. The antifungal effects of various essential oils and plant compounds have been demonstrated against human pathogenic fungi. In this study, the effect of cinnamon leaf and bark essential oils (CEOs)...
Thu Sep 03, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinesis) is a rising experimental animal and has been used for studying a variety of human diseases, such as metabolic and viral infectious diseases. Methods In this study, we established an immortalized tree shrew hepatic cell line, ITH6.1, by introducing the simian virus 40 large T antigen...
Thu Sep 03, 2020 03:00
Abstract The halophilic lactic acid bacterium Tetragenococcus halophilus has been widely used in high-salinity fermentation processes of food. Previous studies have indicated that the catabolism of arginine may contribute to the osmotic stress adaptation of T. halophilus. Unusually, in the chromosome of T. halophilus, preceding the arginine deiminase (ADI) operon, locate two co-transcribed genes, both encoding an ArgR regulator; similar structure was rarely...
Thu Sep 03, 2020 03:00
Abstract The determination of bacteriophage growth parameters, such as adsorption constant, latent period, and burst size, is essential for the proper design of bacteriophage production and the estimation of the efficacy of bacteriophage therapy. As they are dependent on the physiological state and cultivation conditions bacteria, they should be preferably determined in a non-invasive way. We propose a method that allows their determination under cultivation...
Thu Sep 03, 2020 03:00
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