Objective To examine associations between tau and amyloid‐beta (Aβ) molecular PET and both Alzheimer‐related pathology and 4‐repeat tau pathology in autopsy‐confirmed frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Methods Twenty‐four patients had [18F]‐Flortaucipir PET and died with FTLD (progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) n = 10, corticobasal degeneration (CBD) n = 10, FTLD‐TDP n = 3 and Pick's disease n = 1). All but one had Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PiB) PET. Braak staging, Aβ plaque and neurofibrillary...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 20:09
Objective Children with sickle cell disease experience cognitive deficits even when unaffected by stroke. Using functional connectivity MRI as a potential biomarker of cognitive function, we tested our hypothesis that children with sickle cell disease would have decreased functional connectivity, and that children experiencing the greatest metabolic stress, indicated by elevated oxygen extraction fraction, would have the lowest connectivity. Methods We prospectively obtained brain MRIs and...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 19:43
Publication date: April 2021Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 67Author(s): Nora Andermane, Bárður H Joensen, Aidan J Horner
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:28
Abstract Parkinson's disease is a common degenerative disease of the elderly. Although the majority of studies have focused on the central nervous system (CNS) features of Parkinson’s Disease, recent findings suggest there is a functional link between the gut microbiome and the hallmarks of the disease. PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and other Chinese and English databases were searched for relevant literature. Studies on changes to intestinal microbiota in Parkinson's patients were retrieved and...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 13:07
Abstract Obesity is known to have a detrimental effect on balance and motor performance during daily motor tasks. However, it remains unclear whether these obesity-related impairments are due to deficient anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) that precede voluntary movement. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of obesity on APA and the impacts related on motor performance and mediolateral postural stability during gait initiation. Fifteen obese and ten normal-weight...
03:00
Abstract Emerging evidence indicates that NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of depression. Thus, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may offer a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of depression. Metformin has been shown to have potential anti-inflammatory activity, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We used a chronic mild stress model of depression and cultured primary macrophage to investigate the effects of metformin...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 03:00
We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in a pediatric population and explore its feasibility during response assessment. Methods: This retrospective study included 28 pediatric transplant recipients who underwent a total of 32 18F-FDG PET/CT scans due to clinical suspicion of PTLD within an 8-y period. Pathology reports and 2 y of follow-up were used as the reference standard. Twenty-one response...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Head motion degrades image quality and causes erroneous parameter estimates in tracer kinetic modeling in brain PET studies. Existing motion correction methods include frame-based image registration (FIR) and correction using real-time hardware-based motion tracking (HMT) information. However, FIR cannot correct for motion within 1 predefined scan period, and HMT is not readily available in the clinic since it typically requires attaching a tracking device to the patient. In this study, we propose...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Our purpose was to assess the performance of full-dose (FD) PET image synthesis in both image and sinogram space from low-dose (LD) PET images and sinograms without sacrificing diagnostic quality using deep learning techniques. Methods: Clinical brain PET/CT studies of 140 patients were retrospectively used for LD-to-FD PET conversion. Five percent of the events were randomly selected from the FD list-mode PET data to simulate a realistic LD acquisition. A modified 3-dimensional U-Net model was implemented...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
The accuracy of 177Lu radiotracer concentration measurements using quantitative clinical software was determined by comparing in vivo results for a digital solid-state cadmium-zinc-telluride SPECT/CT system with in vitro sampling. Methods: First, image acquisition parameters were assessed for an International Electrotechnical Commission body phantom emulating clinical count rates loaded with a lung insert and 6 hot spheres with a 12:1 target-to-background ratio of 177Lu solution. Then, the data of...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Respiratory motion during the CT and PET parts of a PET/CT scan leads to imperfect alignment of anatomic features seen by the 2 modalities. In this work, we concentrate on the effects of motion during CT. We propose a novel approach for improving the alignment. Methods: Respiratory waveform data were gathered during the CT and PET parts of 28 PET/CT scans of cancer patients with 40 lesions up to 3 cm in size in the lung or upper abdomen. PET list-mode data were reconstructed by 3 reconstruction methods:...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins overexpressed in bladder cancer (BCa) cells. Dendritic galactose moieties have a high affinity for galectin-expressing tumor cells. We radiolabeled a dendritic galactose carbohydrate with 18F (18F-labeled galactodendritic unit 4) and examined its potential in imaging urothelial malignancies. Methods: The 18F-labeled first-generation galactodendritic unit 4 was obtained from its tosylate precursor. We conducted in vivo studies in a galectin-expressing UMUC3...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Acidosis is a key driver for many diseases, including cancer, sepsis, and stroke. The spatiotemporal dynamics of dysregulated pH across disease remain elusive, and current diagnostic strategies do not provide localization of pH alterations. We sought to explore if PET imaging using hydrophobic cyclic peptides that partition into the cellular membrane at low extracellular pH (denoted as pH [low] insertion cycles, or pHLIC) can permit accurate in vivo visualization of acidosis. Methods: Acid-sensitive...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Recently, N-(4-18F-fluorobenzoyl)-interleukin-2 (18F-FB-IL2) was introduced as a PET tracer for T cell imaging. However, production is complex and time-consuming. Therefore, we developed 2 radiolabeled IL2 variants, namely aluminum 18F-fluoride-(restrained complexing agent)-IL2 (18F-AlF-RESCA-IL2) and 68Ga-gallium-(1,4,7-triazacyclononane-4,7-diacetic acid-1-glutaric acid)-IL2 (68Ga-Ga-NODAGA-IL2), and compared their in vitro and in vivo characteristics with 18F-FB-IL2. Methods: Radiolabeling of...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Redirecting the immune system in cancer treatment has led to remarkable responses in a subset of patients. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells being explored as they engage tumor cells in different mechanisms compared with T cells, which could be exploited for treatment of nonresponders to current immunotherapies. NK cell therapies are monitored through measuring peripheral NK cell concentrations or changes in tumor volume over time. The former does not detect NK cells at the tumor...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Peptide receptor radiotherapy using 177Lu-labeled somatostatin ligand analogs is a well-established treatment for neuroendocrine tumors, with 177Lu-DOTATATE having acquired marketing authorization in Europe and the United States. The investigation of the pharmacokinetics of these radiopharmaceuticals in vivo in humans is crucial for personalized treatment management and understanding of treatment effects. Such an investigation requires input data on the in vivo stability of the radiopharmaceuticals...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
PET using O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (18F-FET) is useful to detect residual tumor tissue after glioma resection. Recent animal experiments detected reactive changes in 18F-FET uptake at the rim of the resection cavity within the first 2 wk after resection of gliomas. In the present study, we evaluated pre- and postoperative 18F-FET PET scans of glioma patients with particular emphasis on the identification of reactive changes after surgery. Methods: Forty-three patients with cerebral gliomas...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
We reviewed 111In-DOTA-anti-CD45 antibody (BC8) imaging and bone marrow biopsy measurements to ascertain the biodistribution and biokinetics of the radiolabeled antibody and to investigate differences based on type of hematologic malignancy. Methods: Serial whole-body scintigraphic images (4 time points) were obtained after infusion of the 111In-DOTA-BC8 (176–406 MBq) into 52 adult patients with hematologic malignancies (lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome)....
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have reported altered integrity of large-scale neurocognitive networks (NCNs) in dementing disorders. However, findings on the specificity of these alterations in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are still limited. Recently, NCNs have been successfully captured using PET with 18F-FDG. Methods: Network integrity was measured in 72 individuals (38 male) with mild AD or bvFTD, and in healthy controls, using a simultaneous...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility and diagnostic efficacy of 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT combined with PET/ultrasound-guided biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: In total, 31 patients with a previously negative prostate biopsy but persistent elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were imaged with a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT ligand before undergoing repeat prostate biopsy. On the basis of the proposed Prostate Cancer Molecular...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Quantitative evaluation of radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET scans may be used to monitor treatment response in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). To interpret longitudinal differences in PSMA uptake, the intrinsic variability of tracer uptake in PCa lesions needs to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the repeatability of quantitative PET/CT measurements using 18F-DCFPyL ([2-(3-(1-carboxy-5-[(6-18F-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl)-ureido)-pentanedioic...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Esthesioneuroblastoma is rare, with limited therapeutic options when unresectable or metastatic; however, expression of somatostatin receptors qualifies it for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). We report outcomes of PRRT in esthesioneuroblastoma from 2 referral centers. Methods: Using PRRT databases at 2 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Centers of Excellence, cases were sought between 2004 and 2018 of patients who had PRRT with recurrent or metastatic esthesioneuroblastoma deemed...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
For oncologic management or radiotherapy planning, reliable staging tools are essential. The recent development of quinoline-based ligands targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts demonstrated promising preclinical and clinical results. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT as a first clinical analysis for primary malignancies within the lower gastrointestinal tract (LGT). Methods: 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT was performed on a cohort of 22 patients...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Twenty years ago, SPECT/CT became commercially available, combining the strengths of both techniques: the diagnostic sensitivity of SPECT and the anatomic detail of CT. Other benefits initially included attenuation correction of SPECT reconstructions, ultimately evolving to correction techniques that would enable absolute tracer uptake quantification. Recent developments in SPECT hardware include solid-state digital systems with higher sensitivity and resolution, using novel collimator designs based...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed significant challenges on health-care systems worldwide, whether in the preparation, response, or recovery phase of the pandemic. This has been primarily managed by dramatically reducing in- and outpatient services for other diseases and implementing infection prevention and control measures. The impact of the pandemic on nuclear medicine departments and their services has not yet been established. The aim of this online survey was to evaluate...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 16:00
Publication date: Available online 31 August 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Davide Bottari, Evgenia Bednaya, Giulia Dormal, Agnes Villwock, Milena Dzhelyova, Konstantin Grin, Pietro Pietrini, Emiliano Ricciardi, Bruno Rossion, Brigitte Röder
Tue Sep 01, 2020 14:05
Publication date: Available online 31 August 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Vincent van de Ven, Lourens Waldorp, Ingrid Christoffels
Tue Sep 01, 2020 14:05
Publication date: Available online 31 August 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Patrick Friedrich, Stephanie J. Forkel, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
Tue Sep 01, 2020 14:05
Background With an increase in the number of spinal cord injuries (SCIs) in China, severe dysfunction of the limb below the injured segment is prominent. Among the studies centered on the factors inducing SCIs, inflammatory response has a dramatic input on the pathogenesis of SCIs. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tricholoma matsutake polysaccharides (TMP) on function recovery following SCIs. Methods The cell viability, neurite growth, NF-kappa B, TNFα and IL-6...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 20:05
Melanocortins are neuropeptides exerting versatile functions in the nervous system. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) is primarily expressed in the brain and is thought to be a major mediator for melanocortin. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be a crucial downstream molecule of MC4R activation, to yield neurite outgrowth, neuroregenerative, anorexigenic and other actions. In this study, we stimulated Neuro2a murine neuronal cells with an α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analog, [Nle(4),...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 20:05
Inhibitory deficits are one of the predominant causes of cognitive aging. This study examined age-related changes in response inhibition. In this study, young and older participants performed a bimanual/bipedal response inhibition task while we measured their brain activity via functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Participants performed most trials bimanually (bipedally). However, they had to occasionally cancel both responses [Stop/Stop (SS) trials] or the response of one hand/foot while responding...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 20:05
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells, and remain in our brains throughout life. They could be activated by brain damage and involved in the central nervous system (CNS) repair and motor functional recovery. Previous research demonstrated that miR-221 could regulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival. However, the effect of miR-221 on NSCs remains unknown. In this study, we showed that overexpression of miR-221 inhibited the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 20:05
During nociceptive processing of pain, activated regions, specified as the ‘pain matrix’, have been proven not selectively or preferentially tied to pain. Counterintuitively, the deactivated regions, especially the default mode network (DMN), are recently revealed to be simultaneously and functionally involved. In this study, we searched for pain-specific structural correlates among pain-free young adults using the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach within regions of interest comprising the pain...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 20:05
Objective Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) accounts for nearly half of all cases of medically refractory epilepsy in the pediatric and adult patient populations. This neurological disorder stems from localized malformations in cortical brain tissue due to impaired neuronal proliferation, differentiation, and migration patterns. Recent studies in animal models have highlighted the potential role of the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) levels in FCD. The purpose of this study was to investigate...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 20:05
A recent study showed that objects’ roughness (smooth or rough) was held in visual working memory (VWM) in the ventral visual cortex and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). Here, we investigated the functional differences between these areas in the context of VWM of material properties. We focused on the process in which participants accurately extracted and maintained in their memories the glossiness and roughness of a sphere. Human participants performed two types of delayed material (glossiness or...
Tue Sep 01, 2020 20:05
Acupuncture is widely used to treat various neurodegenerative diseases and can effectively improve cognitive and memory states in Alzheimer’s disease. However, its mechanism is unclear. We speculated that the effect of acupuncture on cognitive function may be associated with reductions in the levels of Aβ and phosphorylated tau in the brain. In this experiment, 60 male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, model, electroacupuncture and nonacupoint groups. We perform electroacupuncture...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 03:00
Eriodictyol, a natural flavonoid compound identified in numerous medicinal plants, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiproliferative activities and exert protective effects on the neurons, thus drawing attention to its therapeutic potential. However, the effect of eriodictyol on depression remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the behavioral effects of chronic eriodictyol treatment in rat models of depression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg)...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 03:00
Our previous study showed that propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide (N15), a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and γ (PPARα/γ) dual agonist, inhibits inflammatory responses in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced vascular endothelial cells or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells-1. However, little is known about whether N15 applies to other pathological or neuroinflammatory conditions. In the present study, we detected the effect...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 03:00
Cervical nerve root injury induces a host of inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord that initiate and maintain neuronal hyperexcitability and pain. Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is an enzyme that has been implicated as a mediator of pain onset and maintenance in inflammation and neural injury. Although sPLA2 modulates nociception and excitatory neuronal signaling in vitro, its effects on neuronal activity and central sensitization early after painful nerve root injury are unknown. This study...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 03:00
Objective There exists a complex interaction between alcohol and stress on brain and behavior. Alcohol and stress are both known to affect memory. Whether stress and alcohol together can modulate memory functions in adolescent rats is not known. In the present study, effects of repeated unpredictable stress (RUPS) on contextual fear conditioning, a hippocampus-related memory function, were investigated in alcohol-treated adolescent rats. Methods Rats were divided into four experimental...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 03:00
Lesions of the dorsomedial striatum elicit deficits in cognitive flexibility that are an early feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and presumably reflect alterations in frontostriatal processing. The current study aimed to examine deficits in cognitive flexibility in rats with bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in the dorsomedial striatum. While deficits in cognitive flexibility have previously been examined in rodent PD models using the cross-maze, T-maze, and a food-digging task, the current...
Mon Aug 31, 2020 03:00
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