Background: Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS) entails a series of surgical procedures that help the trans-woman pass as their affirmed gender. While virtual surgical planning (VSP) with intra-operative cutting guides and custom plates have been shown helpful for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, they have not yet been studied for FFS. We used cadaveric analysis for morphologic typing and to demonstrate the utility of VSP in FFS procedures. Methods: Male cadaveric heads underwent morphological...
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Background: Microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction remains a challenge. The use of perforator flaps in lower extremity reconstruction is expanding. The objective of this article is to review our experience and present an algorithm to guide in the selection of the ideal free perforator flap that can be tailored to each lower extremity defect. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of lower extremity reconstruction using free perforator flaps over a 7-year period. Demographics,...
Background: There are multiple studies about the effectiveness of primary treatment in Dupuytren’s disease. However, such studies concerning treatment effectiveness of recurrent disease are scarce. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to compare treatment effectiveness of initial and repeated surgery in patients with Dupuytren’s disease. Methods: Patients who underwent both initial and repeated treatment were selected from a prospectively maintained database. Outcome measurements consisted...
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Background: Surveys are a fundamental research tool used in the field of plastic surgery. Although inherent biases within surveys have been recognized, the extent to which this problem exists in the plastic surgery literature remains unknown. Objective: We aim to (1) determine the extent to which common survey biases occur in plastic surgery surveys and (2) identify areas of improvement for survey researchers. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of surveys in the plastic surgery...
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Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Xavier Tenezaca-Sari, Marvin García-Reyes
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Catherine van Montfrans, Marianne G.R. De Maeseneer
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Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1138: Novel Antibody-Drug Conjugate with Anti-CD26 Humanized Monoclonal Antibody and Transcription Factor IIH (TFIIH) Inhibitor, Triptolide, Inhibits Tumor Growth via Impairing mRNA Synthesis Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11081138 Authors: Hayashi Madokoro Yamada Nishida Morimoto Sakamoto Yanagawa Yamada Here, we report a novel antibody drug conjugate (ADC) with the humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody YS110 and triptolide (TR-1)....
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1136: EMT and Stemness—Key Players in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11081136 Authors: Eva Rodriguez-Aznar Lisa Wiesmüller Bruno Sainz Patrick C. Hermann Metastasis and tumor progression are the major cause of death in patients suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumor growth and especially dissemination are typically associated with activation of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. This phenotypic...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1137: Inclusion of Platinum Agents in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Regimens for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: Development of GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) Recommendation by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11081137 Authors: Maria Vittoria Dieci Lucia Del Mastro Michela Cinquini Filippo Montemurro Laura Biganzoli Laura Cortesi Alberto Zambelli Carmen Criscitiello...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1135: Prognostic Significance of CT-Attenuation of Tumor-Adjacent Breast Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer Patients with Surgical Resection Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11081135 Authors: Jeong Won Lee Sung Yong Kim Hyun Ju Lee Sun Wook Han Jong Eun Lee Sang Mi Lee The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of computed tomography (CT)-attenuation of tumor-adjacent breast adipose tissue for predicting recurrence-free survival...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1134: Expression of the Major and Pro-Oncogenic H3K9 Lysine Methyltransferase SETDB1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11081134 Authors: Paola Cruz-Tapias Vlada Zakharova Oscar M. Perez-Fernandez William Mantilla Sandra RamÍRez-Clavijo Slimane Ait-Si-Ali SETDB1 is a key histone lysine methyltransferase involved in gene silencing. The SETDB1 gene is amplified in human lung cancer, where the protein plays a driver role. Here,...
Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1133: Atypical BRAF and NRAS Mutations in Mucosal Melanoma Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11081133 Authors: Nicolas Dumaz Fanélie Jouenne Julie Delyon Samia Mourah Armand Bensussan Céleste Lebbé Primary mucosal melanomas represent a minority of melanomas, but have a significantly worse prognosis than cutaneous melanomas. A better characterization of the molecular pathogenesis of this melanoma subtype could help us understand the risk factors associated...
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Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: Brain Research BulletinAuthor(s): Gerhard Leinenga, Wee Kiat Koh, Jürgen GötzAbstractA major challenge in treating brain diseases is presented by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that constitutes an efficient barrier not only for toxins but also a wide range of therapeutic agents. In overcoming this impediment, ultrasound in combination with intravenously injected microbubbles has emerged as a powerful technology that allows for the selective brain...
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: Brain Research BulletinAuthor(s): Jingxi Ma, Baobing Gao, Keming Zhang, Qinbin Zhang, Gongwei Jia, Jiani Li, Changqing Li, Liang-Jun Yan, Zhiyou CaiAbstractRecent animal studies on heterochronic parabiosis (a technique combining the blood circulation of two animals) have revealed that young blood has a powerful rejuvenating effect on brain aging. Circulating factors, especially growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and C-C motif chemokine...
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This cohort study of patients undergoing free flap reconstructive surgery assesses whether multimodal analgesia is associated with reduced narcotic use and improved pain control at discharge and in the immediate postoperative period.
Aesthetic Orthognathic Surgery and Rhinoplasty, edited by Derek Steinbacher, is a personal attempt by the editor to combine the complex procedures of orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty into an interrelated evaluation and surgical plan. The editor combines his extensive knowledge of both procedures to work out an orderly, sensible, and precise system to analyze and plan these operations to treat patients who might benefit from them.
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Carbon nanotubes have a host of interesting properties. They are biocompatible and electrically conductive, so have been investigated as a possible material for growing nerve tissues. To make carbon nanotubes cooperate as desired, novel forms are required and researchers at SISSA (International School for Advanced Studies) and University of Trieste in Italy have now developed a way to cross-link carbon nanotubes into novel meshes that can serve as hosts into which living cells can be seeded for neural...
Dizziness is a common condition but its underlying causes can be very difficult to diagnose. It is usually unpredictable and doesn’t last very long, so by the time a patient presents to the physician everything checks out as normal. Detecting nystagmus (uncontrolled eye movements) is a pretty reliable way of diagnosing peripheral vestibular disorders, but the randomness and rarity of dizziness makes it difficult to notice nystagmus. A team at the University of East Anglia has...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Hao Zhang, Xiaoyu Qi, Jie Wu, Xiaofan Huang, Anchen Zhang, Shanshan Chen, XiangChao Ding, Shanshan Chen, Sheng Le, Yanqiang Zou, Heng Xu, Ping Ye, Jiahong XiaAbstractBackgroundSepsis occurs when an infection triggers deranged inflammatory responses. There exists no efficacious treatment for this condition. The transcriptional repressor B-cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is known to act as an inhibitor of macrophage-mediated...
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Ya Mei Li, Yi Li, Lin Yan, Jiang Tao Tang, Xiao Juan Wu, Yang Juan Bai, Yun Fei An, Bo Dai, Cui Li Yang, Lan Lan Wang, Yun Ying ShiAbstractInfection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation (KT). Reliable biomarkers to predict post-transplant infection are lacking. We investigated the predictive performance of pre- and post-transplant levels of T-cell immunoglobulin and...
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Lumei Liu, Zhengxiao Zhao, Linwei Lu, Jiaqi Liu, Jing Sun, Jingcheng DongAbstractDepression is a chronic, severe, and often life-threatening disease accompanied with impaired neurogenesis. Evidence showed that neuroinflammation played a key role in the process of depression. High mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) has been proved to function as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. In this study, we used a social...
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Wenjun Jiang, Shiling Hu, Delu Che, Hongli An, Rui LiuAbstractIopamidol is a radiographic contrast media which caused a very high incidence of anaphylactic reactions. Mast cells are sentinel cells in host defense reactions during immediate hypersensitivity responses and anaphylactic responses. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) is a kind of mast cell specific receptor, which triggers mast...
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Honghong Liu, Jiawen Zheng, Taijing Zheng, Ping WangAbstractA major feature of chronic periodontitis (CP) is the damage and destruction of alveolar bone. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) can differentiate into bone and improve CP. Exendin-4 (Ex-4) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory mechanisms and can promote bone regeneration. However, the effects of Ex-4 on the osteogenic differentiation of...
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Cong Yang, Yousheng Mo, Erjin Xu, Huihong Wen, Renrong Wei, Shaoling Li, Jiayi Zheng, Weirong Li, Baoluu Le, Yonggen Chen, Huafeng Pan, Shuiqing Huang, Shengqiang Wang, Qi WangAbstractOxidative stress and neuroinflammation are the key and early events during the pathological process of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, therapeutic intervention to regulate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation would be an effective...
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Rajen Dey, Biswadev BishayiAbstractMicroglial inflammation plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of CNS infections including brain abscesses. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered as one of the major causative agents of brain abscesses. Due to the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria the available treatment options including conventional antibiotics and steroid therapy become ineffective in...
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Publication date: Available online 8 August 2019Source: Medical HypothesesAuthor(s): Yones Lotfi, Abdollah Moossavi, Mohanna Javanbakht, Soghrat Faghih ZadehAbstractIn parallel with the auditory afferent system, the auditory efferent system is active in all parts of the auditory pathways from auditory cortex to the cochlea. The auditory efferent system has two main segments: the rostral part which starts from the cortical centers to thalamic nuclei and continues into collicular pathways in rostral...
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Τουλάχιστον οι μισοί γιατροί και νοσηλευτές πέφτουν θύμα εκφοβισμού ή λεκτικής κακοποίησης από συναδέλφους τους ή από γονείς μωρών. Τα θύματα είναι κατά κύριο λόγο γυναίκες, νέοι και με μικρή εμπειρία γιατροί και νοσηλευτές, ενώ οι θύτες είναι άνδρες και γυναίκες. Τα στοιχεία αυτά προκύπτουν μεταξύ άλλων από την πρώτη παγκοσμίως έρευνα για τον εκφοβισμό στον χώρο εργασίας των ιατρικών επαγγελμάτων, που υλοποίησε ομάδα του Γ.Ν. Παπαγεωργίου, σε δείγμα 389 εργαζομένων (60% νοσηλευτές, 40% γιατροί),...
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Θετική δράση στην αντιμετώπιση του σακχαρώδους διαβήτη τύπου 2 φαίνεται πως έχουν οι πλατφόρμες δόνησης, μιας προπονητικής μεθόδου που βασίζεται στην ταλάντωση του σώματος μέσω της δόνησης, σύμφωνα με τους ερευνητές από το Πανεπιστήμιο Augusta της Τζόρτζια που δημοσίευσαν την έρευνά τους στο International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Σύμφωνα με τους επιστήμονες η έκθεση ποντικιών στην «δόνηση όλου του σώματος» ενίσχυσε τον αριθμό των κυττάρων που μάχονται κατά της φλεγμονής, γεγονός που οδήγησε...
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Ένα στα τρία νέα περιστατικά παιδικού άσθματος (το 33%) σχετίζονται με τη ρύπανση του αέρα και ένα μεγάλο μέρος από αυτά (τουλάχιστον ένα στα δέκα ετησίως) θα μπορούσαν να αποφευχθούν με τα κατάλληλα μέτρα, σύμφωνα με μία νέα ευρωπαϊκή επιστημονική έρευνα. Οι ερευνητές του Ινστιτούτου Παγκόσμιας Υγείας της Βαρκελώνης (ISGlobal), με επικεφαλής τον Δαβίδ Ρόχας-Ρουέδα, που έκαναν τη σχετική δημοσίευση στο European Respiratory Journal της Ευρωπαϊκής Πνευμονολογικής Εταιρείας, ανέλυσαν στοιχεία για περισσότερα...
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Η καλή υγεία της καρδιάς στην ηλικία των 50 ετών σχετίζεται με μικρότερο κίνδυνο για εμφάνιση άνοιας αργότερα, σύμφωνα με μία νέα βρετανική επιστημονική μελέτη. Η άνοια μπορεί να αρχίσει να αναπτύσσεται στον εγκέφαλο 15 έως 20 χρόνια πριν εκδηλωθούν τα πρώτα συμπτώματα, συνεπώς είναι σημαντικός ο εντοπισμός παραγόντων -όπως η υγεία της καρδιάς- που μπορεί να καθυστερήσουν ή και να αποτρέψουν την εκδήλωσή της. Παράγοντες κινδύνου για άνοια θεωρούνται το κάπνισμα, η ανθυγιεινή διατροφή, η σωματική...
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Να αισθάνονται ασφαλή και να μπορούν να κοιμηθούν το βράδυ είναι τα πράγματα που χρειάζονται περισσότερο τα άρρωστα παιδιά κατά τη νοσηλεία τους σε νοσοκομείο, σύμφωνα με νέα έρευνα του Πανεπιστημίου Edith Cowan που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Journal of Advanced Nursing. Οι ερευνητές δημιούργησαν ένα ερωτηματολόγιο, το πρώτο του είδους του, το οποίο μετρά τις ψυχοκοινωνικές, σωματικές και συναισθηματικές ανάγκες των παιδιών στις παιδιατρικές πτέρυγες. Αξιολόγησαν 193 παιδιά σχολικής ηλικίας σε παιδιατρικές...
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Στην επιγενετική στρέφονται οι επιστήμονες για να κατανοήσουν τον τρόπο που αλλάζει ο οργανισμός και αναγεννώνται οι ιστοί του στο πέρασμα του χρόνου. Σε ό,τι αφορά τα δόντια οι επιστήμονες μελετούν τις επιγενετικές ρυθμίσεις που επηρεάζουν τον σχηματισμό της οδοντικής ρίζας και της ανάπτυξής της. Θυμίζουμε ότι η επιγενετική είναι η μελέτη των αλλαγών που συμβαίνουν στη γονιδιακή έκφραση χωρίς να μεταβάλλεται το γενετικό υλικό (DNA). Ο Δρ. Yang Chai, αναπληρωτής κοσμήτορας έρευνας στην Οδοντιατρική...
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Τη διατροφή των ανθρώπων που συνήθως κοιμούνται καλά, φαίνεται πως επηρεάζει περισσότερο μία νύχτα κακού ύπνου. Σε αυτό το συμπέρασμα κατέληξε έρευνα του Πανεπιστημίου Sapienza της Ρώμης που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Clinical Psychologist. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 32 φοιτητές εκ των οποίων οι μισοί είχαν συμπτώματα αϋπνίας και στόχος ήταν να εντοπιστεί πόσο ο κακός ύπνος επηρεάζει τη διατροφή. Οι ερευνητές υπό την καθοδήγηση της Δρ. Caterina Lombardo παρακολούθησαν την ποιότητα ύπνου των φοιτητών με τη χρήση...
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Στην υγεία των ανθρώπων συμβάλλει η ζωή στην εξοχή καθώς προάγει την ποικιλία περιβαλλοντικών βακτηρίων ενισχύοντας το ανοσοποιητικό σύστημα. Σε αυτό το συμπέρασμα κατέληξαν ερευνητές από το Πανεπιστήμιο της Πολιτείας του Οχάιο σε έρευνα που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Frontiers in Immunology βρίσκοντας ότι η ποικιλομορφία του εντερικού μικροβιώματος βρεφών που γεννήθηκαν στην επαρχία της περιοχής ήταν κατά πολύ διαφορετική και ευρύτερη συγκριτικά με την ποικιλία των βακτηρίων του εντερικού μικροβιώματος βρεφών...
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Μείωση του σωματικού βάρους και των επιπέδων γλυκόζης σε τέσσερις εβδομάδες παρουσίασαν ασθενείς στους οποίους χορηγήθηκε ενέσιμη ορμονική θεραπεία. Σε αυτά τα ευρήματα κατέληξε μικρή επιστημονική μελέτη του Κολεγίου Imperial του Λονδίνου σε συνεργασία με το Πανεπιστήμιο της Κοπεγχάγης που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Diabetes Care και παρουσιάστηκε στην 79η Επιστημονική Συνάντηση της Αμερικανικής Εταιρείας για τον Σακχαρώδη Διαβήτη στο Σαν Φρανσίσκο. Σύμφωνα με τους ερευνητές οι ασθενείς έχασαν κατά μέσο όρο...
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Αυστραλοί ερευνητές μελέτησαν τη σχέση του Δείκτη Μάζας Σώματος και πάνω από 925 ασθενειών και επιβεβαίωσαν ότι πράγματι η παχυσαρκία σχετίζεται με παθήσεις όπως ο διαβήτης, ο καρκίνος και τα καρδιαγγειακά νοσήματα. Όπως αναφέρεται σε σχετικό άρθρο στο The Lancet, ομάδα ειδικών από το Κέντρο Ακριβείας Υγείας της Αυστραλίας, με επικεφαλής την καθηγήτρια Elina Hypponen, αξιολόγησαν δεδομένα που αφορούσαν πάνω από 925 παθήσεις σε 337.536 εθελοντές από τη Μ. Βρετανία. Επρόκειτο για πολυεπίπεδη ανάλυση...
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Οι έρευνες αποκαλύπτουν ότι 30 λεπτά γρήγορου περπατήματος την ημέρα είναι η πιο αποτελεσματική άσκηση. Οι επιστήμονες απέδειξαν, λαμβάνοντας υπόψιν τους κριτήρια όπως η περίμετρος κοιλιάς και το βάρος, ότι τα 30 λεπτά περπάτημα τη μέρα είναι μακράν αποτελεσματικότερη άσκηση από το γυμναστήριο ή το τρέξιμο. Όλοι μας κατά καιρούς έχουμε πει πως «θα ήθελα πολύ να κάνω γυμναστική, αλλά δεν έχω καθόλου χρόνο». Αυτό δεν είναι αλήθεια! Πάνω σε ένα απλό ποδήλατο στο σπίτι, μπορείτε να ασκηθείτε κάνοντας...
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Publication date: Available online 8 August 2019Source: Hearing ResearchAuthor(s): Kirupa Suthakar, M. Charles LibermanAbstractThe auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a sound-evoked neural response commonly used to assess auditory function in humans and laboratory animals. ABR thresholds are typically chosen by visual inspection, leaving the procedure susceptible to user bias. We sought to develop an algorithm to automate determination of ABR thresholds to eliminate such biases and to standardize...
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: Hearing ResearchAuthor(s): D.S. Morgan, A.A. Arteaga, N.A. Bosworth, G. Proctor, D.E. Vetter, E. Lobarinas, C. SpankovichAbstractA robust temporary threshold shift (TTS) can create significant primary damage to the auditory synapse, termed cochlear synaptopathy (CS). The common model applied to examination of this pathology is a single noise exposure or extended duration exposures at relatively high noise dosages. It is unclear if a single noise...
Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: Hearing ResearchAuthor(s): Deborah A. Hall, Christopher J. Plack
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Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Goldie A. McQuaid, Valerie L. Darcey, Melissa F. Avalos, Diana H. Fishbein, John W. VanMeterAbstractMaternal exposure to stress during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for cognitive and behavioral sequelae in offspring. Animal research demonstrates exposure to stress during gestation has effects on brain structure. In humans, however, little is known about the enduring effects of in utero exposure...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 118Author(s): Juliana de Oliveira Silva, Renata Salgado Fernandes, Caroline Mari Ramos Oda, Tiago Hilário Ferreira, Ana Flávia Machado Botelho, Marília Martins Melo, Marcelo Coutinho de Miranda, Dawidson Assis Gomes, Geovanni Dantas Cassali, Danyelle M. Townsend, Domenico Rubello, Mônica Cristina Oliveira, André Luís Branco de BarrosAbstractLong circulating pH-sensitive liposomes have been shown to effectively deliver...
Publication date: October 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 118Author(s): Yan Zhang, Tingting Ye, Shuqing Gong, Zhuping Hong, Xiangshan Zhou, Haibin Liu, Haibin Qu, Jing QianAbstractAs a health-care food and traditional Chinese medicine, E'jiao, from the skin of Equus animus L, has been used to nourish blood in China for more than 2000 years. In modern medicine, there are also evidences indicate it has a beneficial effect on chemotherapy-caused blood deficiency. However, its mechanism...
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a potent cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and immune modulation. Signaling responses that involve TNF-α are context dependent and capable of stimulating pathways promoting both cell death and survival. TNF-α treatment has been investigated as part of a combined therapy for acute myeloid leukemia due to its modifying effects on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) mediated differentiation into granulocytes. To investigate the interaction between cellular...
Polyadenylation is an essential post-transcriptional modification of eukaryotic transcripts that plays critical role in transcript stability, localization, transport, and translational efficiency. About 70% genes in plants contain alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites. Despite availability of vast amount of sequencing data, to date, a comprehensive map of the polyadenylation events in maize is not available. Here, 9.48 billion RNA-Seq reads were analyzed to characterize 95,345 Poly(A) Clusters...
The genetic merit of individuals can be estimated using models with dense markers and pedigree information. Early genomic models accounted only for additive effects. However, the prediction of non-additive effects is important for different forest breeding systems where the whole genotypic value can be captured through clonal propagation. In this study, we evaluated the integration of marker data with pedigree information, in models that included or ignored non-additive effects. We tested the models...
Evolutionary changes in enhancers are widely associated with variation in human traits and diseases. However, studies comprehensively quantifying levels of selection on enhancers at multiple evolutionary periods during recent human evolution and how enhancer evolution varies across human tissues are lacking. To address these questions, we integrated a dataset of 41,561 transcribed enhancers active in 41 different human tissues (FANTOM Consortium) with whole genome sequences of 1,668 individuals from...
The serine protease inhibitor (serpin) gene family is the largest family of protease inhibitors. Serine protease inhibitors have an active, but under-characterized, role in grain development and defense against pathogen attack in cereal crops. By exploiting publicly available genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data for wheat (Triticum aestivum), we have identified and annotated the entire ’serpinome’ of wheat and constructed a high-quality and robust phylogenetic tree of the gene family, identifying...
Here we report a new plasmid shuffle vector for forcing budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to incorporate a new genetic pathway in place of a native pathway – even an essential one – while maintaining low false positive rates (less than 1 in 108 per cell). This plasmid, dubbed "Superloser," was designed with reduced sequence similarity to commonly used yeast plasmids (i.e., pRS400 series) to limit recombination, a process that in our experience leads to retention of the yeast gene(s) instead...
Oil rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a typical winter biennial plant, with high cold tolerance during vegetative stage. In recent years, more and more early-maturing rapeseed varieties were planted across China. Unfortunately, the early-maturing rapeseed varieties with low cold tolerance have higher risk of freeze injury in cold winter and spring. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms for coping with different low-temperature stress conditions in rapeseed. In this study, we investigated 47,328...
Entomopathogenic nematodes from the genus Steinernema are lethal insect parasites that quickly kill their insect hosts with the help of their symbiotic bacteria. Steinernema carpocapsae is one of the most studied entomopathogens due to its broad lethality to diverse insect species and its effective commercial use as a biological control agent for insect pests, as well as a genetic model for studying parasitism, pathogenesis, and symbiosis. In this study, we used long-reads from the Pacific Biosciences...
Cell competition is the elimination of one viable population of cells (the losers) by a neighboring fitter population (the winners) and was discovered by studies in the Drosophila melanogaster wing imaginal disc. Supercompetition is a process in which cells with elevated JAK/STAT signaling or increased Myc become winners and outcompete wild-type neighbors. To identify the genes that are differentially regulated in STAT supercompetitors, we purified these cells from Drosophila wing imaginal discs...
Previous bioinformatics studies have linked gain or loss of energy reserves with host-pathogen interactions and bacterial virulence based on a comparatively small number of bacterial genomes or proteomes. Thus, understanding the theoretical distribution patterns of energy reserves across bacterial species could provide a shortcut route to look into bacterial lifestyle and physiology. So far, five major energy reserves have been identified in bacteria due to their capacity to support bacterial persistence...
Amphibians are highly vulnerable and diverse vertebrates for which we still have modest genomic resources. Amphibian larvae are key components of continental wetlands, where they have strong influences on energy fluxes, nutrient cycling, and community structure. Amphibian larvae are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and can often alter their physiology, behavior and even morphology in response to the local conditions experienced, although we still know relatively little about the transcriptomic...
Pearl millet is an important food crop in arid and semi-arid regions of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and is grown in Australia and the United States as a summer fodder crop. The d2 dwarf germplasm has been widely used in the last half-century to develop high-performing pearl millet hybrids. We previously mapped the d2 phenotype to a 1.6 cM region in linkage group (LG) 4 and identified the ABCB1 gene as a candidate underlying the trait. Here, we report the sequence, structure and expression of...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a diverse class of regulatory loci with roles in development and stress responses throughout all kingdoms of life. LncRNAs, however, remain under-studied in plants compared to animal systems. To address this deficiency, we applied a machine learning prediction tool, Classifying RNA by Ensemble Machine learning Algorithm (CREMA), to analyze RNAseq data from 11 plant species chosen to represent a wide range of evolutionary histories. Transcript sequences of...
The introduction of exogenous genes in single-copy at precise genomic locations is a powerful tool that has been widely used in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we have streamlined the process by creating a rapid, cloning-free method of single-copy transgene insertion we call Mos1 element-mediated CRISPR integration (mmCRISPi). The protocol combines the impact of Mos1 mediated single-copy gene insertion (mosSCI) with the ease of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing, allowing in vivo...
Identifying the regulatory mechanisms of genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci affecting adipose tissue has been restricted due to limited characterization of adipose transcriptional regulatory elements. We profiled chromatin accessibility in three frozen human subcutaneous adipose tissue needle biopsies and preadipocytes and adipocytes from the Simpson Golabi-Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) cell strain using an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq). We identified 68,571 representative...
Genetically controlled mechanisms of cell division and quiescence are vital for responding to changes in the nutritional environment and for cell survival. Previously, we have characterized temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the cwh43 gene in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which is required for both cell proliferation and nitrogen starvation-induced G0 quiescence. Cwh43 encodes an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein that localizes in endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Defects in...
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. (Pt) and stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henn (Pgt) are serious constraints to production of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L). The objective of this study was to identify leaf rust resistance (Lr) and stem rust resistance (Sr) genes/QTL in Portuguese durum landrace PI 192051. Four Pt-isolates, representing three virulence phenotypes (BBBQJ, BBBSJ & EEEEE) and six Pgt-races TTKSK, JRCQC, TKTTF, QFCFC, TPMKC and...
Fillet yield (FY) and harvest weight (HW) are economically important traits in Nile tilapia production. Genetic improvement of these traits, especially for FY, are lacking, due to the absence of efficient methods to measure the traits without sacrificing fish and the use of information from relatives to selection. However, genomic information could be used by genomic selection to improve traits that are difficult to measure directly in selection candidates, as in the case of FY. The objectives of...
We determined the effect on gene transcription of laser-mediated, long-wavelength UV-irradiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by RNAseq analysis at times T15, T30, and T60 min after recovery in growth medium. Laser-irradiated cells were viable, and the transcriptional response was transient, with over 400 genes differentially expressed at T15 or T30, returning to basal level transcription by T60. Identification of transcripts exhibiting enhanced differential expression that were unique to UV laser-irradiation...
Rodent maternal behaviors are due to the coordinated effects of fluctuating hormones, with their onset triggered by interactions with newborn pups. Previous studies have shown that many genes have changes in expression during peripartum stages. However, it is unclear if there are long-lasting changes in gene expression, well after the performance of maternal behaviors, that could influence physiology and behavior throughout the remaining lifespan. Here, gene expression differences were examined in...
Sex specific traits are involved in speciation but it is difficult to determine whether their variation initiates or reinforces sexual isolation. In some insects, speciation depends of the rapid change of expression in desaturase genes coding for sex pheromones. Two closely related desaturase genes are involved in Drosophila melanogaster pheromonal communication: desat1 affects both the production and the reception of sex pheromones while desat2 is involved in their production in flies of Zimbabwe...
Anthracyclines cause progressive cardiotoxicity whose ultimate severity is individual to the patient. Genetic determinants contributing to this variation are difficult to study using current mouse models. Our objective was to determine whether a spectrum of anthracycline induced cardiac disease can be elicited across 10 Collaborative Cross mouse strains given the same dose of doxorubicin. Mice from ten distinct strains were given 5 mg/kg of doxorubicin intravenously once weekly for 5 weeks (total...
Inferring subject ancestry using genetic data is an important step in genetic association studies, required for dealing with population stratification. It has become more challenging to infer subject ancestry quickly and accurately since large amounts of genotype data, collected from millions of subjects by thousands of studies using different methods, are accessible to researchers from repositories such as the database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) at the National Center for Biotechnology...
Improvements to massively parallel sequencing have allowed the routine recovery of natural and induced sequence variants. A broad range of biological disciplines have benefited from this, ranging from plant breeding to cancer research. The need for high sequence coverage to accurately recover single nucleotide variants and small insertions and deletions limits the applicability of whole genome approaches. This is especially true in organisms with a large genome size or for applications requiring...
Members of the Protein Kinase D (PKD) family are involved in numerous cellular processes in mammals, including cell survival after oxidative stress, polarized transport of Golgi vesicles, as well as cell migration and invasion. PKD proteins belong to the PKC/CAMK class of serine/threonine kinases, and transmit diacylglycerol-regulated signals. Whereas three PKD isoforms are known in mammals, Drosophila melanogaster contains a single PKD homolog. Previous analyses using overexpression and RNAi studies...
The expression systems of the mitochondrial genes are derived from their bacterial ancestors, but have evolved many new features in their eukaryotic hosts. Mitochondrial RNA splicing is a complex process regulated by families of nucleus-encoded RNA-binding proteins, few of which have been characterized in maize (Zea mays L.). Here, we identified the Zea mays small kernel 3 (Zmsmk3) candidate gene, which encodes a mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) containing two mTERF motifs,...
Genomic selection is an efficient approach to get shorter breeding cycles in recurrent selection programs and greater genetic gains with selection of superior individuals. Despite advances in genotyping techniques, genetic studies for polyploid species have been limited to a rough approximation of studies in diploid species. The major challenge is to distinguish the different types of heterozygotes present in polyploid populations. In this work, we evaluated different genomic prediction models applied...
The dna is the fundamental basis of genetic information, just as bits are for computers. Whenever computers are used to represent genetic data, the computational encoding must be efficient to allow the representation of processes driving the inheritance and variability. This is especially important across simulations in view of the increasing complexity and dimensions brought by genomics. This paper introduces a new binary representation of genetic information. Algorithms as bitwise operations that...
In flowering plants, gene body methylation (gbM) is associated with a subset of constitutively expressed genes. It has been proposed that gbM modulates gene expression. Here, we show that there are no consistent and direct differences to expression following the loss of gbM. By comparing expression of gbM genes in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to orthologous genes in two Eutrema salsugineum genotypes, we identified both positive and negative expression differences associated with gbM loss. However,...
Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, IWG) is a perennial grain crop with high biomass and grain yield, long seeds, and resistance to pests and diseases. It also reduces soil erosion, nitrate and mineral leaching into underground water tables, and sequesters carbon in its roots. The domestication timeline of IWG as a grain crop spans only 3 decades, hence it lags annual grain crops in yield and seed characteristics. One approach to improve its agronomic traits is by using molecular markers...
Arogyapacha, the local name of Trichopus zeylanicus, is a rare, indigenous medicinal plant of India. This plant is famous for its traditional use as an instant energy stimulant. So far, no genomic resource is available for this important plant and hence its metabolic pathways are poorly understood. Here, we report on a high-quality draft assembly of approximately 713.4 Mb genome of T. zeylanicus, first draft genome from the genus Trichopus. The assembly was generated in a hybrid approach using Illumina...
Two people with the same lifespan do not necessarily have the same healthspan. One person may retain locomotor and cognitive abilities until the end of life, while another person may lose them during adulthood. Unbiased searches for genes that are required to maintain locomotor ability during adulthood may uncover key regulators of locomotor healthspan. Here, we take advantage of the relatively short lifespan of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and develop a novel screening procedure to collect...
The Venturia genus comprises fungal species that are pathogens on Rosaceae host plants, including V. inaequalis and V. asperata on apple, V. aucupariae on sorbus and V. pirina on pear. Although the genetic structure of V. inaequalis populations has been investigated in detail, genomic features underlying these subdivisions remain poorly understood. Here, we report whole genome sequencing of 87 Venturia strains that represent each species and each population within V. inaequalis. We present a PacBio...
The methods commonly used to test the associations between ordinal phenotypes and genotypes often treat either the ordinal phenotype or the genotype as continuous variables. To address limitations of these approaches, we propose a model where both the ordinal phenotype and the genotype are viewed as manifestations of an underlying multivariate normal random variable. The proposed method allows modeling the ordinal phenotype, the genotype and covariates jointly. We employ the generalized estimating...
We report the first whole genome sequence (WGS) assembly and annotation of a dwarf coconut variety, ‘Catigan Green Dwarf’ (CATD). The genome sequence was generated using the PacBio SMRT sequencing platform at 15X coverage of the expected genome size of 2.15 Gbp, which was corrected with assembled 50X Illumina paired-end MiSeq reads of the same genome. The draft genome was improved through Chicago sequencing to generate a scaffold assembly that results in a total genome size of 2.1 Gbp consisting...
Bermudagrass (Cynodon (L.)) is the most important warm-season grass grown for forage or turf. It shows extensive variation in morphological characteristics and growth attributes, but the genetic basis of this variation is little understood. Detection and tagging of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting above-ground morphology with diagnostic DNA markers would provide a foundation for genetic and molecular breeding applications in bermudagrass. Here, we report early findings regarding genetic architecture...
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