Presentation of Case. Dr. Madhukar S. Patel (Surgery): A 41-year-old pregnant woman was seen in the emergency department of this hospital at 36 weeks 3 days of gestation because of abdominal pain. Six and a half months before this evaluation, when the patient was at her initial routine prenatal…
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Abstract Purpose To assess the effects of transverse maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis (TMDO) on the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and on the morphology of the pharynx. Methods A clinical trial was conducted with seven patients with OSA and with transverse maxillomandibular deficiency, two women and five men aged on average 41.16 ± 10.9 years...
Abstract Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for studies evaluating hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) clinical outcomes in the treatment of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods Two authors conducted a literature search to identify prospective studies in PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases....
Abstract Purpose Several studies have reported that serum YKL-40 level was elevated in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). However, most of these studies had relatively small sample sizes and the results were inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the potential role of serum YKL-40 level in OSAHS. Methods ...
Abstract Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a well-recognized independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and its prevalence is increasing. OSA symptomology, polysomnographic features, and comorbidities are heterogeneous among patients. Ethnicity is thought to influence OSA phenotypes, but extensive knowledge of OSA ethnic patterns is lacking. The primary aim of the present study was to compare comorbidities in Caucasian...
Abstract Purpose We aimed to evaluate the validity of the cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) device, a limited-channel portable monitoring device for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening in one single-center cohort, in particular in those with some cardiovascular diseases since the cardiopulmonary coupling might be different from those without. Methods Consecutive...
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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that has a prevalence of 0.5 to 10 persons (predominantly women) per 100,000 population. It is characterized mainly by recurrent optic neuritis and myelitis, and such attacks are…
The incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is increasing, with the increase driven by childhood obesity, and type 2 diabetes disproportionately affects disadvantaged minorities. Metformin is the regulatory-approved treatment of choice for most youth with type 2 diabetes early in…
Historically, metastatic melanoma has been associated with a poor prognosis, but the introduction of BRAF- and MEK-targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors has substantially improved outcomes in these patients. Each of these therapies — including drugs that target programmed cell death 1…
Longitudinal cohort studies have improved human health by characterizing natural histories of diseases, identifying their risk factors, and revealing new biomarkers. Advances in genomics and biosensors have set the stage for refined taxonomies of disease, which may help to guide prognosis, improve…
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Oncogenesis, Published online: 13 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41389-019-0152-0Role of TGFβ3-Smads-Sp1 axis in DcR3-mediated immune escape of hepatocellular carcinoma
Oncogenesis, Published online: 13 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41389-019-0153-zNovel tumor suppressor role of miRNA-876 in cholangiocarcinoma
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Abstract Plasma Cell Mucositis (PCM) is a rare benign disease affecting adults characterized by an erythematous mucosa, an epithelial hyperplasia and a dense submucosal infiltration of mainly mature plasma cells. PCM has been treated with topical, intralesional and systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics and topical cyclosporin with unreliable results and questionable benefits. Here, we present a case of PCM, refractory to previous treatments, treated with i‐PRF (injectable platelet‐rich fibrin)...
Abstract Background Atrophic post‐acne scars are common complications of acne. Many modalities are proposed but each does not yield satisfactory clinical outcomes. Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of PSP technique including dot peeling, subcision and intradermal injection of autologous platelet rich plasma (PSP) for treatment of atrophic post‐acne scars. Patients and methods 20 patients with different types of atrophic acne scars on the face were included. All patients...
ABSTRACT HSV‐associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) is an acute and self‐limiting mucocutaneous hypersensitivity reaction triggered by herpes virus infections. We reported a patient with HAEM after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A 55‐year‐old man received HSCT seven months ago. He suffered from chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) four months after HSCT and was treated with prednisone and tacrolimus. One week ago, he developed generalized macules with leukopenia. Dermatological...
Abstract Condyloma acuminatum is a type of mucosal benign hyperplasia skin disease that is caused by a human papillomavirus infection, which mainly occurs in the genitalia and anus. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical efficacy underlying the traditional Chinese medicine Paiteling in the treatment of condyloma acuminatum via the detection of human papillomavirus. One hundred condyloma acuminatum patients were enrolled in this study and were externally treated with Paiteling for 5 weeks....
Abstract Genital warts (GWs) are most prevalent sexually transmitted infections; presenting especially among the sexually active young population of both sexes. Efficient cell‐mediated immunity is needed for regression of GWs. To clarify the reactivity of cellular immunity among patients with GWs by means of measurements of their levels of serum interleukin (IL)‐21 and IL‐33, hence, to identify the possible role of IL‐21 and IL‐33 in GWs. This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of IL‐21 and IL‐33...
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Objectives: Adopting the omnidirectional microphone (OMNI) mode and reducing low-frequency gain are the two most commonly used wind noise reduction strategies in hearing devices. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of these two strategies on cochlear implant users’ speech-understanding abilities and perceived sound quality in wind noise. We also examined the effectiveness of a new strategy that adopts the microphone mode with lower wind noise level in each frequency channel. ...
Objectives: The digits-in-noise test (DIN) has become increasingly popular as a consumer-based method to screen for hearing loss. Current versions of all DINs either test ears monaurally or present identical stimuli binaurally (i.e., diotic noise and speech, NoSo). Unfortunately, presentation of identical stimuli to each ear inhibits detection of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and neither diotic nor monaural presentation sensitively detects conductive hearing loss (CHL). After an...
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The administration of local anaesthetics is considered the most unpleasant part of office-based surgery. Many procedural and pharmacological strategies have been developed to minimize pain. In children and adolescents, distraction has been demonstrated to be an effective way of minimizing pain during local anaesthesia. We present a randomized controlled trial of the effect of distraction on pain during local anaesthesia in adults.
We read with great interest the systematic review published by Wagner and colleagues on evaluating the complication profiles in pre-pectoral breast reconstruction alone versus pre-pectoral with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) or mesh.1 We would like to raise some important issues compromising the interpretation of the data.
Previous studies have described a segment of the axillary nerve (AN) that cannot be surgically explored through the deltopectoral and posterior surgical open approaches (blind zone). We present the first two cases using an endoscopic assisted approach to explore the AN through a posterior approach.
We read with a lot of interest the comment provided by Sepehripour and Dheansa1 to our paper “Head bandage after otoplasty: How long should it be worn?”
We read with interest the article on “Head bandage after otoplasty: How long should it be worn? “.1 The authors discuss there is lack of consensus as to the appropriate duration of bandaging following pinnaplasty. They suggest that based on their results of 62 patients head bandage is not required for more than 48 hours.1
We carefully read the last article of Atashi et al. recently published in JPRAS entitled “Does non-activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhance fat graft outcome? An assessment with 3D CT-scan in mice”.1 We would like to congratulate the authors for this exhaustively documented experimental study. Indeed, the idea to increase fat graft retention using PRP and growth factors it contains is a popular topic in aesthetic and reconstructive field. More than a dozen pre-clinical studies since 2013, trying...
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Abstract Objectives The shape of the human lumbar spine is considered to be a consequence of erect posture. In addition, several other factors such as sexual dimorphism and variation in genetic backgrounds also influence lumbar vertebral morphology. Here we use 3D geometric morphometrics (GM) to analyze the 3D morphology of the lumbar spine in different human populations, exploring those potential causes of variation. Material and methods We collected 390 (semi) landmarks from 3D models...
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Nature, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02456-0A microscope observes a single molecule as it ‘relaxes’ after gaining an electron.
Nature, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02473-zElusive 18-atom ‘cyclocarbon’ could be a step towards molecule-scale transistors.
Nature, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02436-4Readers chose the stories that informed, delighted and moved them most this year, from the first-ever image of a black hole to the ultimate limit of human endurance.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1473-zComparing the eyes of crane-fly fossils with those of extant species demonstrates that they contain eumelanic screening pigments and that the lenses are calcified during fossilization, with implications for interpreting optical systems in other extinct arthropods such as trilobites.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1488-5A framework that includes inequality shows that extreme inequality prevents cooperation, but overall welfare is maximized when endowments and productivities are aligned such that more-productive individuals receive higher endowments.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1484-9Aged progenitor cells in the rat central nervous system can be made to behave as young cells by reducing the stiffness of the tissue microenvironment, or by inhibiting the mechanosensitive protein PIEZO1.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1478-7A planarian fission protocol shows that the number of progeny and the frequency of fission initiation correlate with parent size, and TGFβ and Wnt signalling components are identified as regulators of fission behaviour.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1483-xUnexpectedly low seismic velocities of CaSiO3 perovskite in deeply subducted oceanic crust can explain the properties of anomalous continent-sized regions in Earth’s lower mantle.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1492-9Tissue shape changes in the posterior endoderm of the early Drosophila embryo are driven by actomyosin contractions emerging from a transcriptional induction followed by a mechanically-driven propagation of RhoI–myosin II activation.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1476-9Evolutionary change in basal metabolic rate was not coupled with body temperature across endothermic species, although the mechanism by which birds and mammals adapted to colder environments differed.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1482-yEnzymatic cleavage within ubiquitin molecules followed by quantitative mass-spectrometry simplifies complex ubiquitin chains and enables mapping of polyubiquitin architectures.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1479-6A stretchable polymer pump that uses electric fields to accelerate ions in dielectric liquids can generate flow even when bent into different conformations, offering applications in soft robotics.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02464-0The three-drug regimen cured 90% of people who had the deadliest form of the disease in a clinical trial.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02401-1Simulations suggest that Jupiter’s dilute core might be the result of a collision between the planet and a Uranus-mass planetary embryo. This finding indicates that giant impacts could be common during planet formation.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1463-1Magnetic polarons are imaged with single-site spin and density resolution in the low-doping regime of the atomic Fermi–Hubbard model, showing that mobile delocalized doublons are necessary for polaron formation.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02460-4Hear the latest from the world of science, with Benjamin Thompson and Nick Howe.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02376-zFlatworms called planarians can break off fragments of themselves that regenerate to form new, complete worms. The molecular cues that regulate the frequency of such fission events have been revealed.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02400-2Fast radio bursts are enigmatic astronomical signals that originate from deep in extragalactic space. Observations using an array of radio telescopes have identified a likely host galaxy for one of these signals.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1470-2An energetic head-on collision between a large impactor and the proto-Jupiter with a primordial compact core could have mixed the heavy elements within the deep interior, leading to a ‘diluted’ core for Jupiter.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02398-7An analysis of gut formation in the fruit fly has revealed how gene expression and mechanical forces are coordinated in adjacent populations of cells. The findings highlight the tissue-level control of embryonic development.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02462-2Researchers at the University of Alaska still face possibility of layoffs.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02445-3People in many countries generally think their homeland did the most in the Second World War.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02458-yMedia interest in particle physics and the Large Hadron Collider boosted Jon Butterworth's interest in public engagement, reports Julie Gould.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02459-xHow astronomers are using ancient radio waves to study the ancient Universe
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02425-7The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is a well-timed blueprint for action. Decision makers must now pay attention — a nascent youth movement is showing them how.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02420-yA difficult decision.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02416-8The week in science: 9–15 August 2019.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02419-5Barbara Kiser reviews five of the week’s best science picks.
Nature, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02417-7Radioastronomers look to hydrogen for insights into the Universe’s first billion years.
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