This case series analyzes the outcomes of patients with primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with limited-field irradiation for microscopic residual disease after surgery.
12h
With advances in computing and software power, physicians can now create virtual 3-dimensional models of patient anatomy using data from 2-dimensional computed tomography imaging. With augmented reality, users can interact with each other and the model, even over long distances, for purposes of teaching or preprocedural decision-making. This video illustrates an example of the process; the 3-dimensional model has been loaded onto a HoloLens (Microsoft) augmented reality viewing device for inspection...
12h
This Medical News article discusses a controversy around limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, or LATE, a recently recognized dementia that mimics Alzheimer disease.
12h
This Medical News article discusses a clinical trial to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes in high-risk relatives of people with the disease.
12h
Protein kinase signaling networks stringently regulate cellular processes, such as proliferation, motility, and cell survival. These networks are also central to the evolution and progression of cancer. Accordingly, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors capable of directly illuminating the spatiotemporal dynamics of kinase signaling in live cells are being increasingly used to investigate kinase signaling in cancer cells and tumor tissue sections. These biosensors enable visualization of biological...
3h
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for cell survival and is precisely controlled by several cellular actors such as the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Upon stress induction, Ca2+ released from sarco/endoplasmic reticulum stores and from extracellular Ca2+ pools accumulates in the cytosol and in the mitochondria. This induces Ca2+ overload and ultimately the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), promoting cell death. Currently, it is unclear whether...
3h
The conversion of circular genomes to linear chromosomes during molecular evolution required the invention of telomeres. This entailed the acquisition of factors necessary to fulfill two new requirements: the need to fully replicate terminal DNA sequences and the ability to distinguish chromosome ends from damaged DNA. Here we consider the multifaceted functions of factors recruited to perpetuate and stabilize telomeres. We discuss recent theories for how telomere factors evolved from existing cellular...
3h
CD38 molecule (CD38) catalyzes the biogenesis of the calcium-mobilizing messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). CD38 has dual membrane orientations, and type III CD38, with its catalytic domain facing the cytosol, has low abundance, but is efficient in cyclizing cytosolic NAD to produce cADPR. The role of cell-surface type II CD38 in cellular cADPR production is unknown. Here, we modulated type II CD38 expression and assessed the effects of this modulation on cADPR levels. We developed a photoactivatable...
3h
Defects in the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA damage response pathway result in genomic instability, developmental defects, hematopoietic failure, cancer predisposition, and metabolic disorders. The endogenous sources of damage contributing to FA phenotypes and the links between FA and metabolic disease remain poorly understood. Here, using mice lacking the Fancd2 gene, encoding a central FA pathway component, we investigated whether the FA pathway protects against metabolic challenges. Fancd2-/- and wildtype...
3h
Human phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is strongly expressed in response to interferon (IFN) treatment and viral infection, and PLSCR1 has been suggested to play an important role in IFN-dependent antiviral responses. In this study, we showed that the basal expression of PLSCR1 was significantly elevated in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). PLSCR1 was observed to directly interact with the EBV immediate-early transactivator BZLF1 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction...
3h
Key PointsEBV latency III B cells display an immunosuppressive profile similar to Bregs.They repress proliferation of T cells and promote expansion of cTregs and uTregs.Expansion of Tregs depends on PD-L1 whose expression depends on the EBV oncogene LMP1.
3h
Key PointsAnti-OX40 treatment does not impair TIL Treg suppressive function.OX40 ligation enhances Treg and Tconv proliferation through Tconv cell IL-2 secretion.TIL Tregs proliferate and produce Th1 cytokines after anti-OX40 treatment.
3h
BackgroundWe investigated the association between cigarette smoking and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a pooled analysis of population-based case–control studies and explored the independent effects of intensity, duration and time-since-quitting.MethodsALS cases and controls, matched by age, sex and region, were recruited in the Netherlands, Italy and Ireland (*Euro-MOTOR project). Demographics and detailed lifetime smoking histories were collected through questionnaires. Effects...
12h
Authors: Alissafi T, Hatzioannou A, Legaki AI, Varveri A, Verginis P Abstract Advances in our understanding οf tumor immunity have prompted a paradigm shift in oncology, with the emergence of immunotherapy, where therapeutic agents are used to target immune cells rather than cancer cells. A real breakthrough in the field of immunotherapy came with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), namely antagonistic antibodies that block key immune regulatory molecules (checkpoint molecules),...
5h
Authors: Karagianni P, Tzioufas AG Abstract Autoimmune diseases are characterized by increased reactivity of the immune system towards self-antigens, causing tissue damage. Although their etiology remains largely unknown, genetic, microbial, environmental and psychological factors are recognized as contributing elements. Epigenetic changes, including covalent modifications of the DNA and histones, are critical signaling mediators between the genome and the environment, and thus potent regulators...
5h
Authors: Morianos I, Papadopoulou G, Semitekolou M, Xanthou G Abstract The TGF-β superfamily of cytokines plays pivotal roles in the regulation of immune responses protecting against or contributing to diseases, such as, allergy, autoimmunity and cancer. Activin-A, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, was initially identified as an inducer of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. Extensive research over the past decades illuminated fundamental roles for activin-A in essential biologic processes,...
5h
JCM, Vol. 8, Pages 1268: Effects of Active Video Games on Children’s Psychosocial Beliefs and School Day Energy Expenditure Journal of Clinical Medicine doi: 10.3390/jcm8091268 Authors: Zan Gao Zachary C. Pope Jung Eun Lee Minghui Quan Purpose: Examine the effects of active video games (AVGs) on children’s school-day energy expenditure (EE) and physical activity (PA)-related self-efficacy, social support, and outcome expectancy over 9 months. Method: Participants were...
15h
JCM, Vol. 8, Pages 1269: Systematic Evaluation of Light-Activatable Biohybrids for Anti-Glioma Photodynamic Therapy Journal of Clinical Medicine doi: 10.3390/jcm8091269 Authors: Inglut Baglo Liang Cheema Stabile Woodworth Huang Photosensitizing biomolecules (PSBM) represent a new generation of light-absorbing compounds with improved optical and physicochemical properties for biomedical applications. Despite numerous advances in lipid-, polymer-, and protein-based...
15h
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) based on several randomized clinical trials [1–5]. Systems in stroke centers to treat AIS patients rapidly and reduce transfer time to the angiography-suite continue to evolve [6]. Several studies reported that computed tomography angiography (CTA) collateral scores (CS) helped in the selection of patients who were most likely to benefit from intravenous tissue...
8h
Since receiving approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2002, deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy has been increasingly utilized for the treatment of movement disorders [1]. It is estimated that over 150,000 patients worldwide have been treated with DBS therapy [2] at a rate of 10,000 implants per year [3]. The benefits of DBS therapy are well established for Parkinson’s disease [4], Essential tremor (ET) [5], and dystonia [6]; and support is building for potential benefits in patients...
8h
We present a narrative review of our data on the Tübingen palatal plate (TPP), which show the following: a) in a randomized trial, the TPP was superior to a sham procedure in alleviating UAO; b) children treated with the TPP in infancy showed an intellectual development within the reference range; c) prone positioning is no alternative, as it is ineffective and associated with an increased risk of sudden death; d) the TPP reduces the mixed-obstructive apnea index to near-normal values, both in isolated...
9h
Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019Source: Journal of Fluency DisordersAuthor(s): Jill E. Douglass, Christopher Constantino, Jacqueline Alvarado, Katie Verrastro, Kaitlyn SmithAbstractPurposeIndividuals who covertly stutter have a unique experience of stuttering that involves concealing the core behaviors of stuttering (e.g., repetitions, prolongations, and blocks). From the listener’s perspective, covert stuttering results in minimum typical, overt stuttering behaviors. However, from...
15h
Authors: Humphries F, Fitzgerald KA PMID: 31427397 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Immunology)
10h
Authors: Jayakumar A, Bothwell ALM Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature suppressive cells found in tumors and immunological niches. In this article, we highlight the ability of MDSCs to promote IL-17-producing T cells (Th17) and regulatory T cells in addition to suppressing cytotoxic T cells in different tumor models. These interactions between MDSCs and T cells support tumor growth because IL-17 is tumorigenic in many cancer types and regulatory T cells suppress...
10h
Authors: McCormick B, Craig HE, Chu JY, Carlin LM, Canel M, Wollweber F, Toivakka M, Michael M, Astier AL, Norton L, Lilja J, Felton JM, Sasaki T, Ivaska J, Hers I, Dransfield I, Rossi AG, Vermeren S Abstract Neutrophils are abundant circulating leukocytes that are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation in an integrin-dependent fashion. Contrasting with the well-characterized regulation of integrin activation, mechanisms regulating integrin inactivation remain largely obscure. Using...
10h
In this study, we explored how NAD+ affects TLR4 and NOD-like receptor with a PYD-domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, two key innate immune responses. Human primary monocytes were isolated from buffy coats obtained from healthy individuals. Intracellular NAD+ was manipulated by nicotinamide riboside and the NAMPT inhibitor FK866. Cells were primed with LPS with or without subsequent NLRP3 activation with ATP or cholesterol crystals to analyze the effects of NAD+ levels on TLR4-mediated NF-κB...
10h
In this study, 51 healthy adults were vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccine, and PBMC were collected before and up to 30 d after vaccination. Myeloid and lymphoid cell cytokine secretion was measured after in vitro PBMC restimulation with low-dose IL-15, alone or in combination with inactivated H3N2 virus; the associated NK cell response was assessed by flow cytometry. PBMC collected 30 d postvaccination showed heightened cytokine production in response to IL-15 compared with PBMC collected...
10h
This study analyzed the correlations among COPD, vitamin D concentration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Ninety-five patients with newly diagnosed COPD and 190 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were recruited for this research. Serum 25(OH)D levels were detected, and pulmonary EMT biomarkers and TGF-β/Smad signaling were evaluated. Serum 25(OH)D level was remarkably decreased in COPD patients compared with that in control subjects. Furthermore, serum 25(OH)D concentration gradually...
10h
Authors: Malo CS, Hickman HD Abstract Scientists have long valued the power of in vivo observation to answer fundamental biological questions. Over the last 20 years, the application and evolution of intravital microscopy (IVM) has vastly increased our ability to directly visualize immune responses as they are occurring in vivo after infection or immunization. Many IVM strategies employ a strong multiphoton laser that penetrates deeply into the tissues of living, anesthetized mice, allowing...
10h
In conclusion, we identify TRIM58 as a novel negative mediator of innate immune control and mucosal homeostasis via TLR2 signaling. Dysfunction of TRIM58 in myeloid cells may contribute to ulcerative colitis pathogenesis. PMID: 31383741 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Journal of Immunology)
10h
In this study, we found that the expression of IL-7-AS is primarily dependent on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells. Functionally, IL-7-AS promotes the expression of several inflammatory genes, including CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, and IL-6, in cells in response to LPS. Specifically, IL-7-AS physically interacts with p300 to regulate histone acetylation levels around the promoter regions of these gene loci. Moreover, IL-7-AS and p300 complex modulate the assembly...
10h
AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus pneumonia meningitis (PM) is a major cause of childhood neurological deficits. Although the Notch1 signalling pathway regulates neurogenesis and neuroinflammation, we know little about its expression or influence on hippocampal neurogenesis and gliogenesis during PM.MethodsWe used immunofluorescence and western blots to detect Notch1 signalling expression during experimental PM. Through double-labelling immunofluorescence, we investigated proliferation and differentiation...
11h
AbstractA decreased number of CD4+ T cells is a major feature of HIV infection. Here we detected high CD54 expression on CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals, and demonstrate that upregulated CD54 is associated with disease progression in individuals infected with HIV. We also show that CD54 expression leads to the killing of CD4+ T cells by NK cells in vitro, and that this is modulated by NF-κB/p65 signaling. Further, we demonstrate that metformin can suppress CD54 expression on CD4+ T cells...
11h
Summary A rare case of bilateral pelvic kidneys detected incidentally on computed tomography.
9m
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) is in the spotlight because its synthetic antagonist has been under clinical trials for lung fibrosis and psoriasis. Targeting LPA1 might also be a therapeutic strategy for...
10h
A mental representation of the location of an object can be constructed using sensory information selected from the environment and information stored internally. Human electrophysiological evidence indicates that behaviorally relevant locations, regardless of the source of sensory information, are represented in alpha-band oscillations suggesting a shared process. Here, we present evidence from human subjects of either sex for two distinct alpha-band-based processes that separately support the representation...
11h
Retrieval of learning-related neural activity patterns is thought to drive memory stabilization. However, finding reliable, noninvasive, content-specific indicators of memory retrieval remains a central challenge. Here, we attempted to decode the content of retrieved memories in the EEG during sleep. During encoding, male and female human subjects learned to associate spatial locations of visual objects with left- or right-hand movements, and each object was accompanied by an inherently related sound....
11h
Muscle responses to mechanical disturbances exhibit two distinct phases: a response starting at ~20 ms that is fairly stereotyped, and a response starting at ~60 ms modulated by many behavioral contexts including goal-redundancy and environmental obstacles. Muscle responses to disturbances of visual feedback of the hand arise within ~90 ms. However, little is known whether these muscle responses are sensitive to behavioral contexts. We had 49 human participants (27 male) execute goal-directed reaches...
11h
Our understanding of the neural basis of perceptual decision making has been built in part on relating co-fluctuations of single neuron responses to perceptual decisions on a trial-by-trial basis. The strength of this relationship is often compared across neurons or brain areas, recorded in different sessions, animals, or variants of a task. We sought to extend our understanding of perceptual decision making in three ways. First, we measured neuronal activity simultaneously in early [primary visual...
11h
Tau is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein that is localized to the axon. In Alzheimer's disease, the distribution of tau undergoes a remarkable alteration, leading to the formation of tau inclusions in the somatodendritic compartment. To investigate how this mislocalization occurs, we recently developed immunohistochemical tools that can separately detect endogenous mouse and exogenous human tau with high sensitivity, which allows us to visualize not only the pathological but also the pre-aggregated...
11h
Retrieval of learning-related neural activity patterns is thought to drive memory stabilization. However, finding reliable, noninvasive, content-specific indicators of memory retrieval remains a central challenge. Here, we attempted to decode the content of retrieved memories in the EEG during sleep. During encoding, male and female human subjects learned to associate spatial locations of visual objects with left- or right-hand movements, and each object was accompanied by an inherently related sound....
11h
11h
Sleep has been hypothesized to rebalance overall synaptic strength after ongoing learning during waking leads to net synaptic potentiation. If so, because synaptic strength and size are correlated, synapses on average should be larger after wake and smaller after sleep. This prediction was recently confirmed in mouse cerebral cortex using serial block-face electron microscopy (SBEM). However, whether these findings extend to other brain regions is unknown. Moreover, sleep deprivation by gentle handling...
11h
Muscle responses to mechanical disturbances exhibit two distinct phases: a response starting at ~20 ms that is fairly stereotyped, and a response starting at ~60 ms modulated by many behavioral contexts including goal-redundancy and environmental obstacles. Muscle responses to disturbances of visual feedback of the hand arise within ~90 ms. However, little is known whether these muscle responses are sensitive to behavioral contexts. We had 49 human participants (27 male) execute goal-directed reaches...
11h
The vermal cerebellum is a hub of sensorimotor integration critical for postural control and locomotion, but the nature and developmental organization of afferent information to this region have remained poorly understood in vivo. Here, we use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of the vermal cerebellum in awake behaving male and female mice to record granule neuron responses to diverse sensorimotor cues targeting visual, auditory, somatosensory, and motor domains. Use of an activity-independent marker...
11h
Navigating a changing environment requires associating stimuli and actions with their likely outcomes and modifying these associations when they change. These processes involve the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Although some molecular mediators have been identified, developmental factors are virtually unknown. We hypothesized that the cell adhesion factor β1-integrin is essential to OFC function, anticipating developmental windows during which β1-integrins might be more influential than others. We...
11h
Our understanding of the neural basis of perceptual decision making has been built in part on relating co-fluctuations of single neuron responses to perceptual decisions on a trial-by-trial basis. The strength of this relationship is often compared across neurons or brain areas, recorded in different sessions, animals, or variants of a task. We sought to extend our understanding of perceptual decision making in three ways. First, we measured neuronal activity simultaneously in early [primary visual...
11h
The growth of axons corresponding to different neuronal subtypes is governed by unique expression profiles of molecules on the growth cone. These molecules respond to extracellular cues either locally though cell adhesion interactions or over long distances through diffusible gradients. Here, we report that that the cell adhesion molecule ALCAM (CD166) can act as an extracellular substrate to selectively promote the growth of murine midbrain dopamine (mDA) neuron axons through a trans-heterophilic...
11h
A mental representation of the location of an object can be constructed using sensory information selected from the environment and information stored internally. Human electrophysiological evidence indicates that behaviorally relevant locations, regardless of the source of sensory information, are represented in alpha-band oscillations suggesting a shared process. Here, we present evidence from human subjects of either sex for two distinct alpha-band-based processes that separately support the representation...
11h
The cingulate cortex contributes to complex, adaptive behaviors, but the exact nature of its contributions remains unresolved. Proposals from previous studies, including evaluating past actions or selecting future ones, have been difficult to distinguish in part because of an incomplete understanding of the task-relevant variables that are encoded by individual cingulate neurons. In this study, we recorded from individual neurons in parts of both the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior...
11h
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that presently affects an estimated 5.7 million Americans. Understanding the basis for this disease is key for the development of a future successful treatment. In this effort, we previously reported that mouse prion protein-promoter-driven, ubiquitous expression of familial AD (FAD)-linked human PSEN1 variants in transgenic mice impairs environmental enrichment (EE)-induced proliferation and neurogenesis of adult hippocampal neural...
11h
In the present study, we investigated motor cortex (M1) and a small portion of premotor and parietal cortex using intracortical microstimulation in anesthetized capuchin monkeys. Capuchins are the only New World monkeys that have evolved an opposable thumb and use tools in the wild. Like most Old World monkeys and humans, capuchin monkeys have highly dexterous hands. We surveyed a large extent of M1 and found that ~22% of all evoked movements in M1 involved the digits, and the majority of these consisted...
11h
A major cause of human blindness is the death of rod photoreceptors. As rods degenerate, synaptic structures between rod and rod bipolar cells disappear and the rod bipolar cells extend their dendrites and occasionally make aberrant contacts. Such changes are broadly observed in blinding disorders caused by photoreceptor cell death and are thought to occur in response to deafferentation. How the remodeled retinal circuit affects visual processing following rod rescue is not known. To address this...
11h
Diencephalic amnesia can be as debilitating as the more commonly known temporal lobe amnesia, yet the precise contribution of diencephalic structures to memory processes remains elusive. Across four cohorts of male rats, we used discrete lesions of the mammillothalamic tract to model aspects of diencephalic amnesia and assessed the impact of these lesions on multiple measures of activity and plasticity within the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex. Lesions of the mammillothalamic tract had widespread...
11h
A major cause of human blindness is the death of rod photoreceptors. As rods degenerate, synaptic structures between rod and rod bipolar cells disappear and the rod bipolar cells extend their dendrites and occasionally make aberrant contacts. Such changes are broadly observed in blinding disorders caused by photoreceptor cell death and are thought to occur in response to deafferentation. How the remodeled retinal circuit affects visual processing following rod rescue is not known. To address this...
11h
11h
A mental representation of the location of an object can be constructed using sensory information selected from the environment and information stored internally. Human electrophysiological evidence indicates that behaviorally relevant locations, regardless of the source of sensory information, are represented in alpha-band oscillations suggesting a shared process. Here, we present evidence from human subjects of either sex for two distinct alpha-band-based processes that separately support the representation...
11h
Sleep has been hypothesized to rebalance overall synaptic strength after ongoing learning during waking leads to net synaptic potentiation. If so, because synaptic strength and size are correlated, synapses on average should be larger after wake and smaller after sleep. This prediction was recently confirmed in mouse cerebral cortex using serial block-face electron microscopy (SBEM). However, whether these findings extend to other brain regions is unknown. Moreover, sleep deprivation by gentle handling...
11h
Our understanding of the neural basis of perceptual decision making has been built in part on relating co-fluctuations of single neuron responses to perceptual decisions on a trial-by-trial basis. The strength of this relationship is often compared across neurons or brain areas, recorded in different sessions, animals, or variants of a task. We sought to extend our understanding of perceptual decision making in three ways. First, we measured neuronal activity simultaneously in early [primary visual...
11h
The vermal cerebellum is a hub of sensorimotor integration critical for postural control and locomotion, but the nature and developmental organization of afferent information to this region have remained poorly understood in vivo. Here, we use in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of the vermal cerebellum in awake behaving male and female mice to record granule neuron responses to diverse sensorimotor cues targeting visual, auditory, somatosensory, and motor domains. Use of an activity-independent marker...
11h
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that presently affects an estimated 5.7 million Americans. Understanding the basis for this disease is key for the development of a future successful treatment. In this effort, we previously reported that mouse prion protein-promoter-driven, ubiquitous expression of familial AD (FAD)-linked human PSEN1 variants in transgenic mice impairs environmental enrichment (EE)-induced proliferation and neurogenesis of adult hippocampal neural...
11h
Navigating a changing environment requires associating stimuli and actions with their likely outcomes and modifying these associations when they change. These processes involve the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Although some molecular mediators have been identified, developmental factors are virtually unknown. We hypothesized that the cell adhesion factor β1-integrin is essential to OFC function, anticipating developmental windows during which β1-integrins might be more influential than others. We...
11h
Diencephalic amnesia can be as debilitating as the more commonly known temporal lobe amnesia, yet the precise contribution of diencephalic structures to memory processes remains elusive. Across four cohorts of male rats, we used discrete lesions of the mammillothalamic tract to model aspects of diencephalic amnesia and assessed the impact of these lesions on multiple measures of activity and plasticity within the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex. Lesions of the mammillothalamic tract had widespread...
11h
The growth of axons corresponding to different neuronal subtypes is governed by unique expression profiles of molecules on the growth cone. These molecules respond to extracellular cues either locally though cell adhesion interactions or over long distances through diffusible gradients. Here, we report that that the cell adhesion molecule ALCAM (CD166) can act as an extracellular substrate to selectively promote the growth of murine midbrain dopamine (mDA) neuron axons through a trans-heterophilic...
11h
Retrieval of learning-related neural activity patterns is thought to drive memory stabilization. However, finding reliable, noninvasive, content-specific indicators of memory retrieval remains a central challenge. Here, we attempted to decode the content of retrieved memories in the EEG during sleep. During encoding, male and female human subjects learned to associate spatial locations of visual objects with left- or right-hand movements, and each object was accompanied by an inherently related sound....
11h
The cingulate cortex contributes to complex, adaptive behaviors, but the exact nature of its contributions remains unresolved. Proposals from previous studies, including evaluating past actions or selecting future ones, have been difficult to distinguish in part because of an incomplete understanding of the task-relevant variables that are encoded by individual cingulate neurons. In this study, we recorded from individual neurons in parts of both the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior...
11h
Muscle responses to mechanical disturbances exhibit two distinct phases: a response starting at ~20 ms that is fairly stereotyped, and a response starting at ~60 ms modulated by many behavioral contexts including goal-redundancy and environmental obstacles. Muscle responses to disturbances of visual feedback of the hand arise within ~90 ms. However, little is known whether these muscle responses are sensitive to behavioral contexts. We had 49 human participants (27 male) execute goal-directed reaches...
11h
In the present study, we investigated motor cortex (M1) and a small portion of premotor and parietal cortex using intracortical microstimulation in anesthetized capuchin monkeys. Capuchins are the only New World monkeys that have evolved an opposable thumb and use tools in the wild. Like most Old World monkeys and humans, capuchin monkeys have highly dexterous hands. We surveyed a large extent of M1 and found that ~22% of all evoked movements in M1 involved the digits, and the majority of these consisted...
11h
Tau is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein that is localized to the axon. In Alzheimer's disease, the distribution of tau undergoes a remarkable alteration, leading to the formation of tau inclusions in the somatodendritic compartment. To investigate how this mislocalization occurs, we recently developed immunohistochemical tools that can separately detect endogenous mouse and exogenous human tau with high sensitivity, which allows us to visualize not only the pathological but also the pre-aggregated...
11h
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