Τετάρτη 28 Αυγούστου 2019


A recurrent subcutaneous tumor of the thumb: A case of a capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC)‐rearranged sarcoma
Abstract Capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC)‐rearranged sarcomas are a subgroup of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas characterized by rearrangement of the CIC gene, which is located on chromosome 19q13.21. The most common fusion partner is the DUX4 gene on chromosome 4q35.2 or 10q26.32. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
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A systematic review of factors influencing treatment adherence in chronic inflammatory skin disease – strategies for optimizing treatment outcome
Abstract Adherence describes how a patient follows a medical regime recommended by a healthcare provider. Poor treatment adherence represents a complex and challenging problem of international health care systems, as it has a substantial impact on clinical outcomes and patient safety and constitutes an important financial burden. Since it is one of the most common causes of treatment failure, it is extremely important for physicians to reliably distinguish between non‐adherence and non‐response....
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology
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Factors influencing employees' eating behaviours in the office‐based workplace: A systematic review
Summary Employees spend a large proportion of their time at work and typically consume a third of their total calories during the working day. Research suggests that the workplace environment can affect employees' eating behaviours, leading to various related health consequences. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize the evidence surrounding factors influencing eating behaviours within an office‐based workforce. The literature search was restricted to studies published in English...
Obesity Reviews
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Generalized size scaling of metabolic rates based on single-cell measurements with freshwater phytoplankton [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Kleiber’s law describes the scaling of metabolic rate with body size across several orders of magnitude in size and across taxa and is widely regarded as a fundamental law in biology. The physiological origins of Kleiber’s law are still debated and generalizations of the law accounting for deviations from the...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Enhanced adaptive immune responses in lung adenocarcinoma through natural killer cell stimulation [Medical Sciences]
Natural killer (NK) cells inhibit tumor development in mouse models and their presence in tumors correlates with patient survival. However, tumor-associated NK cells become dysfunctional; thus, stimulation of NK cells in cancer is emerging as an attractive immunotherapeutic strategy. In a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma, NK cells localized to...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Mesoscale eddies release pelagic sharks from thermal constraints to foraging in the ocean twilight zone [Ecology]
Mesoscale eddies are critical components of the ocean’s “internal weather” system. Mixing and stirring by eddies exerts significant control on biogeochemical fluxes in the open ocean, and eddies may trap distinctive plankton communities that remain coherent for months and can be transported hundreds to thousands of kilometers. Debate regarding how...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Single-cell RNA-seq identifies a reversible mesodermal activation in abnormally specified epithelia of p63 EEC syndrome [Cell Biology]
Mutations in transcription factor p63 are associated with developmental disorders that manifest defects in stratified epithelia including the epidermis. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanism is however not yet understood. We established an epidermal commitment model using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and characterized differentiation defects of iPSCs derived...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Second harmonic generation detection of Ras conformational changes and discovery of a small molecule binder [Biochemistry]
Second harmonic generation (SHG) is an emergent biophysical method that sensitively measures real-time conformational change of biomolecules in the presence of biological ligands and small molecules. This study describes the successful implementation of SHG as a primary screening platform to identify fragment ligands to oncogenic Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRas). KRas...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Mutation of external glutamate residue reveals a new intermediate transport state and anion binding site in a CLC Cl-/H+ antiporter [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
The CLC family of proteins are involved in a variety of physiological processes to control cellular chloride concentration. Two distinct classes of CLC proteins, Cl− channels and Cl−/H+ antiporters, have been functionally and structurally investigated over the last several decades. Previous studies have suggested that the conformational heterogeneity of the...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Unknown actor in adipose tissue metabolism hiding in plain sight [Immunology and Inflammation]
In PNAS Eom et al. (1) report that viperin (virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible), which is best known as a nuclear factor κB-induced protein in macrophages involved in the innate immune response, has a heretofore unknown role in the adipocyte. In this paper, the authors investigate the possibility that viperin,...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
iASPP mediates p53 selectivity through a modular mechanism fine-tuning DNA recognition [Medical Sciences]
The most frequently mutated protein in human cancer is p53, a transcription factor (TF) that regulates myriad genes instrumental in diverse cellular outcomes including growth arrest and cell death. Cell context-dependent p53 modulation is critical for this life-or-death balance, yet remains incompletely understood. Here we identify sequence signatures enriched in...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Prebiotic amino acids bind to and stabilize prebiotic fatty acid membranes [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
The membranes of the first protocells on the early Earth were likely self-assembled from fatty acids. A major challenge in understanding how protocells could have arisen and withstood changes in their environment is that fatty acid membranes are unstable in solutions containing high concentrations of salt (such as would have...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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High stretchability, strength, and toughness of living cells enabled by hyperelastic vimentin intermediate filaments [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
In many developmental and pathological processes, including cellular migration during normal development and invasion in cancer metastasis, cells are required to withstand severe deformations. The structural integrity of eukaryotic cells under small deformations has been known to depend on the cytoskeleton including actin filaments (F-actin), microtubules (MT), and intermediate filaments...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Autophosphorylation is sufficient to release Mps1 kinase from native kinetochores [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
Accurate mitosis depends on a surveillance system called the spindle assembly checkpoint. This checkpoint acts at kinetochores, which attach chromosomes to the dynamic tips of spindle microtubules. When a kinetochore is unattached or improperly attached, the protein kinase Mps1 phosphorylates kinetochore components, catalyzing the generation of a diffusible “wait” signal...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Structural and functional analyses of photosystem II in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
A descendant of the red algal lineage, diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic algae characterized by thylakoid membranes that lack the spatial differentiation of stroma and grana stacks found in green algae and higher plants. While the photophysiology of diatoms has been studied extensively, very little is known about the spatial organization...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Nucleosome positions alone can be used to predict domains in yeast chromosomes [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
We use molecular dynamics simulations based on publicly available micrococcal nuclease sequencing data for nucleosome positions to predict the 3D structure of chromatin in the yeast genome. Our main aim is to shed light on the mechanism underlying the formation of chromosomal interaction domains, chromosome regions of around 0.5 to...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Controlling the material properties and rRNA processing function of the nucleolus using light [Biophysics and Computational Biology]
The nucleolus is a prominent nuclear condensate that plays a central role in ribosome biogenesis by facilitating the transcription and processing of nascent ribosomal RNA (rRNA). A number of studies have highlighted the active viscoelastic nature of the nucleolus, whose material properties and phase behavior are a consequence of underlying...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Rainfall variations in central Indo-Pacific over the past 2,700 y [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
Tropical rainfall variability is closely linked to meridional shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and zonal movements of the Walker circulation. The characteristics and mechanisms of tropical rainfall variations on centennial to decadal scales are, however, still unclear. Here, we reconstruct a replicated stalagmite-based 2,700-y-long, continuous record of rainfall...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Nanoscale oxygen defect gradients in UO2+x surfaces [Chemistry]
Oxygen defects govern the behavior of a range of materials spanning catalysis, quantum computing, and nuclear energy. Understanding and controlling these defects is particularly important for the safe use, storage, and disposal of actinide oxides in the nuclear fuel cycle, since their oxidation state influences fuel lifetimes, stability, and the...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Mapping the effects of drought on child stunting [Environmental Sciences]
As climate change continues, it is expected to have increasingly adverse impacts on child nutrition outcomes, and these impacts will be moderated by a variety of governmental, economic, infrastructural, and environmental factors. To date, attempts to map the vulnerability of food systems to climate change and drought have focused on...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
A productivity collapse to end Earth’s Great Oxidation [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]
It has been hypothesized that the overall size of—or efficiency of carbon export from—the biosphere decreased at the end of the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) (ca. 2,400 to 2,050 Ma). However, the timing, tempo, and trigger for this decrease remain poorly constrained. Here we test this hypothesis by studying the...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
A dynamical motif comprising the interactions between antigens and CD8 T cells may underlie the outcomes of viral infections [Immunology and Inflammation]
Some viral infections culminate in very different outcomes in different individuals. They can be rapidly cleared in some, cause persistent infection in others, and cause mortality from immunopathology in yet others. The conventional view is that the different outcomes arise as a consequence of the complex interactions between a large...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Biomass losses resulting from insect and disease invasions in US forests [Ecology]
Worldwide, forests are increasingly affected by nonnative insects and diseases, some of which cause substantial tree mortality. Forests in the United States have been invaded by a particularly large number (>450) of tree-feeding pest species. While information exists about the ecological impacts of certain pests, region-wide assessments of the composite...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
MiR223-3p promotes synthetic lethality in BRCA1-deficient cancers [Medical Sciences]
Defects in DNA repair give rise to genomic instability, leading to neoplasia. Cancer cells defective in one DNA repair pathway can become reliant on remaining repair pathways for survival and proliferation. This attribute of cancer cells can be exploited therapeutically, by inhibiting the remaining repair pathway, a process termed synthetic...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome instability suppressing genes identify potential human tumor suppressors [Genetics]
Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements (GCRs) play an important role in human diseases, including cancer. Although most of the nonessential Genome Instability Suppressing (GIS) genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known, the essential genes in which mutations can cause increased GCR rates are not well understood. Here 2 S. cerevisiae GCR assays were...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Protein engineering of a ubiquitin-variant inhibitor of APC/C identifies a cryptic K48 ubiquitin chain binding site [Biochemistry]
Ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated proteolysis is a fundamental mechanism used by eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and protein quality, and to control timing in biological processes. Two essential aspects of Ub regulation are conjugation through E1-E2-E3 enzymatic cascades and recognition by Ub-binding domains. An emerging theme in the Ub field is that...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Transient enhancement of p53 activity protects from radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity [Medical Sciences]
Gastrointestinal (GI) syndrome is a serious side effect and dose-limiting toxicity observed in patients undergoing lower-abdominal radiotherapy. Previous mouse studies show that p53 gene dosage determines susceptibility to GI syndrome development. However, the translational relevance of p53 activity has not been addressed. Here, we used a knock-in mouse in which...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
The crystal structure of human microsomal triglyceride transfer protein [Biochemistry]
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) plays an essential role in lipid metabolism, especially in the biogenesis of very low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons via the transfer of neutral lipids and the assembly of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MTP has been hindered by a lack of structural...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Histone H4 induces platelet ballooning and microparticle release during trauma hemorrhage [Medical Sciences]
Trauma hemorrhage is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Platelets are fundamental to primary hemostasis, but become profoundly dysfunctional in critically injured patients by an unknown mechanism, contributing to an acute coagulopathy which exacerbates bleeding and increases mortality. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
A pathway linking translation stress to checkpoint kinase 2 signaling in Neurospora crassa [Biochemistry]
Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK-2) is a key component of the DNA damage response (DDR). CHK-2 is activated by the PIP3-kinase-like kinases (PI3KKs) ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), and in metazoan also by DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). These DNA damage-dependent activation pathways are...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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HuR counteracts miR-330 to promote STAT3 translation during inflammation-induced muscle wasting [Biochemistry]
Debilitating cancer-induced muscle wasting, a syndrome known as cachexia, is lethal. Here we report a posttranscriptional pathway involving the RNA-binding protein HuR as a key player in the onset of this syndrome. Under these conditions, HuR switches its function from a promoter of muscle fiber formation to become an inducer...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Intermembrane transport: Glycerophospholipid homeostasis of the Gram-negative cell envelope [Microbiology]
This perspective addresses recent advances in lipid transport across the Gram-negative inner and outer membranes. While we include a summary of previously existing literature regarding this topic, we focus on the maintenance of lipid asymmetry (Mla) pathway. Discovered in 2009 by the Silhavy group [J. C. Malinverni, T. J. Silhavy,...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Ubiquitin in disguise unveils a cryptic binding site in 1.2-MDa anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome [Biochemistry]
Ubiquitin serves as a protein modifier and pervasive signaling molecule in eukaryotes, regulating major events throughout the lifetime of a cell, including pathways used for synthesis, repair, and degradation. Aptly named for its ubiquitous presence in human cells, proteomics studies have revealed tens of thousands of sites in ∼5,000 substrates,...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
14h
Graphene-like monolayer monoxides and monochlorides [Physics]
Two-dimensional monolayer materials, with thicknesses of up to several atoms, can be obtained from almost every layer-structured material. It is believed that the catalogs of known 2D materials are almost complete, with fewer new graphene-like materials being discovered. Here, we report 2D graphene-like monolayers from monoxides such as BeO, MgO,...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Profile of Claire L. Parkinson [Profiles]
When people think of research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), sea ice may not be the first thing that comes to mind. Yet Claire Parkinson, a climate scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, has spent 4 decades studying sea ice. Parkinson’s use of satellite...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Reply to Martens: Various factors may enable large populations to enhance cumulative cultural evolution, but more evidence is needed [Social Sciences]
Martens (1) suggests that including model-based bias (e.g., prestige) in our experiment would have enhanced cumulative cultural evolution (CCE) in the larger populations reported in our paper (2). This is a plausible hypothesis, but not one our experiment was designed to test. Given the controversy around the relationship between population...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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News Feature: The quest for the sustainable city [Sustainability Science]
Cities have become epicenters for confronting climate change, harnessing renewable energy, and mitigating pollution. The city plans striving for sustainability are many. Easy solutions are few. On April 17, Los Angeles (LA) Mayor Eric Garcetti used his annual State of the City address (1) to announce a major update of...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe [Anthropology]
Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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Ballistic thermal phonons traversing nanocrystalline domains in oriented polyethylene [Applied Physical Sciences]
Thermally conductive polymer crystals are of both fundamental and practical interest for their high thermal conductivity that exceeds that of many metals. In particular, polyethylene fibers and oriented films with uniaxial thermal conductivity exceeding 50 W⋅m−1⋅K−1 have been reported recently, stimulating interest into the underlying microscopic thermal transport processes. While...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue
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