Antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria are a global threat. AR bacteria can be acquired in early life and have long-term sequelae. Limiting the spread of antibiotic resistance without triggering the development of...
Pathogen transmission plays a major role in the development of healthcare-associated infections. The “patient zone” concept developed as part of the World Health Organization’s “Five moments of hand hygiene” a...
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Nature, Published online: 16 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02465-zA pioneering group of stick insects that settled in the United Kingdom lost all of its males, leaving females that reproduce asexually.
Nature, Published online: 16 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02348-3Swabbing infants with mothers’ vaginal bacteria could affect the children’s health, but critics warn of sparse data and high risk.
Nature, Published online: 16 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02468-wHelen Pilcher enjoys a father–daughter study speculating how a scaly fire-breather might be bioengineered.
Nature, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/d41586-019-02449-zImmune cell extrudes a webbing that can encourage the growth of gallstones, a common and painful malady.
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Abstract Objectives This paper aims to provide contemporary epidemiological data on squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasal cavity, which represents a rare type of head and neck cancer. Design, Setting & Participants A descriptive analysis of people with nasal cavity SCC treated with curative intent from the Head and Neck 5000 study; a multicentre clinical cohort study of people from the UK with head and neck cancer. People with tumours of the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses and other...
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Abstract Positive associations between vitamin D levels and hand grip strength have been reported worldwide, but the results are not consistent and few studies on East Asian populations have been published. The aim of this study was to determine whether such an association is present in a community-dwelling Japanese population, including elderly and middle-aged individuals. This study used a cross-sectional design. Participants were 492 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 40 years...
Abstract Absorption of oral immediate-release (IR) risedronate tablets is reduced by food intake, thus a delayed-release (DR) tablet has been developed to overcome the necessity of taking IR tablets under fasting conditions. This randomized, double-blind, phase II/III study compared efficacy and safety of risedronate IR once-daily (QD) and DR once-monthly (QM) tablets in Japanese patients with involutional osteoporosis. Patients received 2.5 mg IR on awakening QD, or 25 or 37.5 mg...
Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 is a bone-derived hormone regulating serum inorganic phosphate (Pi) concentration. FGF23 is also involved in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mineral and bone disorder. Serum FGF23 concentration begins to increase early in the progression of CKD and can be remarkably high in hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease. It has been reported that high FGF23 concentration is a risk factor for cardiac dysfunction, atherosclerosis,...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Tian Tian, Hao Chang, Kun He, Yangyue Ni, Chen Li, Min Hou, Lin Chen, Zhipeng Xu, Bin Chen, Minjun JiAbstractFucoidan, one activator of scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), plays important roles in a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor actions. However, the effects of fucoidan on atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been elucidated. To assess this, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene...
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Glaucoma, one of the leading causes of blindness, is an eye disease caused by irregularities in the ocular aqueous outflow system causing an elevated intraocular pressure. High resolution imaging of the aqueous outflow system comprising trabecular meshwork is immensely valuable to vision analysts and clinicians in comprehending the disease state for the efficacious analysis and treatment of glaucoma. Currently available ocular imaging devices are unable to deliver high resolution images for the visualization...
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Abstract To understand how our brain evolved and what it is for, we are in urgent need of knowledge about the cognitive skills of a large variety of animal species and individuals, and their relationships to rapidly disappearing social and ecological conditions. But how do we obtain this knowledge? Studying cognition in the wild is a challenge. Field researchers (and their study subjects) face many factors that can easily interfere with their variables of interest. Although field studies of cognition...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: Neoplasia, Volume 21, Issue 10Author(s): Aftab Alam, Nandaraj Taye, Sonal Patel, Milind Thube, Jayati Mullick, Vibhuti Kumar Shah, Richa Pant, Tanaya Roychowdhury, Nilanjan Banerjee, Subhrangsu Chatterjee, Rittwika Bhattacharya, Rini Roy, Ashis Mukhopadhyay, Devraj Mogare, Samit ChattopadhyayAbstractDown-regulation or loss of MHC class I expression is a major mechanism used by cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance and increase their oncogenic potential. MHC...
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Dural metastases are uncommon in cancer patients, but can have as much of an effect on the lives of patients as brain metastases. Dural metastases are most commonly associated with primary cancers of the breast, prostate, and lung, and it is rare that the primary site of the tumor is unknown. In this study, we encountered a 51-year-old woman who had developed multiple bone tumors, with no known primary cancer lesion. A tumor biopsy of the sacral bone revealed non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma;...
Fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin (L-OHP) (FOLFOX) plus bevacizumab (BV) therapy is commonly administered to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, few reports have described L-OHP therapy in hemodialysis patients, and the efficacy and safety remain uncertain in this population. Here, we report three cases of hemodialysis patients with colorectal cancer who received a modified FOLFOX-6 (mFOLFOX-6, or FOLFOX plus folinic acid) plus BV regimen every 3 weeks. One patient, a 65-year-old man...
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Abstract Background Dental caries remains a common and expensive disease for both society and affected individuals. Furthermore, caries often affect individuals’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Health economic evaluations are needed to understand how to efficiently distribute dental care resources. This study aims to evaluate treatment costs and QALY weights for caries active and inactive adult individuals, and to test whether...
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Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Xingyu Cui, Hongwei Chen, Song Cai, Qunfeng Tang, Xiangming FangAbstractPurposeTo investigate the correlation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging parameters with Ki-67 expression in cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsA total of 42 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) cases confirmed by surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively....
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Takanobu Yamashiro, Kosuke Morita, Kazuhiro NakajimaAbstractBackgroundComforTone is a noise reduction technology used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems; it suppresses acoustic noise by modifying pulse sequences, which appropriately changes the magnetic field gradient waveforms. Although ComforTone can be used to solve the acoustic noise problems that affect patients who are exposed to acoustic...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Yan Gao, Jie Li, Haojun Xu, Miaomiao Wang, Congcong Liu, Yannan Cheng, Mengxuan Li, Jian Yang, Xianjun LiAbstractSkull stripping or brain extraction on magnetic resonance imaging is a crucial step for structure analyses. In spite of good performances of conventional methods on adult brains, the skull stripping for T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) images on the neonatal brain remains a challenge because of the...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Beibei Li, Hongzan Sun, Siyu Zhang, Xiaoqi Wang, Qiyong GuoAbstractPurposeThis study aimed to investigate whether amide proton transfer (APT) imaging, compared with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging-derived parameters, can differentiate squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) from the normal cervical stroma and distinguish poorly differentiated SCCC from well-moderately differentiated SCCC.MethodsThis...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Jucai Song, Ho Ming Chow, Rahul Nikam, Vinay Kandula, Arabinda K. Choudhary, Hua LiAbstractRecent years have seen growing interest in measuring axonal water fraction (AWF) using the spherical mean diffusion weighted signal, but information about the reproducibility of this method is needed before applying it in large-scale studies. The current study aims to evaluate the reproducibility of AWF derived from...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Tomokazu Numano, Tetsushi Habe, Daiki Ito, Takaaki Onishi, Koichi Takamoto, Kazuyuki Mizuhara, Hisao Nishijo, Keisuke Igarashi, Takamichi UekiAbstractThe present study aimed to develop vibration techniques for magnetic resonance (MR) elastography (MRE) of the psoas major muscle (PM). Seven healthy volunteers were included. MRE was performed with motion-encoding gradient (MEG)-less multi-echo MRE sequence,...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): J. Beaumont, H. Saint-Jalmes, O. Acosta, T. Kober, M. Tanner, J.C. Ferré, O. Salvado, J. Fripp, G. GambarotaAbstractIntroductionThe fluid and white matter suppression sequence (FLAWS) provides two T1-weighted co-registered datasets: a white matter (WM) suppressed contrast (FLAWS1) and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suppressed contrast (FLAWS2). FLAWS has the potential to improve the contrast of the subcortical...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Xiao Wang, Wenjing Gao, Fuyan Li, Wenqing Shi, Hongxia Li, Qingshi ZengAbstractPurposeTo retrospectively explore the utilization of MR diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in predicting prognosis of the patients with high-grade gliomas.Materials and methodsThirty-three consecutive patients with cerebral gliomas underwent pretreatment DKI and diffusion-weighted imaging examination on a 3.0-T MR scanner. Diffusion...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Haikun Qi, Aurelien Bustin, Gastao Cruz, Olivier Jaubert, Huijun Chen, René M. Botnar, Claudia PrietoAbstractPurposeTo develop a free-running framework for 3D isotropic simultaneous myocardial T1/T2 mapping and cine imaging.MethodsContinuous data acquisition with 3D golden angle radial trajectory is used in conjunction with T2 preparation of varying echo times and inversion recovery (IR) pulses to enable...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Lian Luo, Shuai Liu, Xinyu Tong, Peirong Jiang, Chun Yuan, Xihai Zhao, Fei ShangAbstractPurposeThis study aimed to propose a method to semi-automatically segment lumen of carotid artery on TOF-MRA images with well performance on images with weak boundary.MethodsThe proposed method modified traditional level set method with double adaptive threshold (DATLS). Two thresholds were calculated from probability...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Yicun Wang, Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele, Bin HeAbstractElectrical properties of the brain tissues may yield useful biomarkers for neurological disorders and diseases, as well as contribute to safety assurance of ultra-high-field MRI. It has been reported that using B1 maps from a multi-channel RF coil, the spatial variation of the electrical properties can be robustly retrieved. The absolute electrical...
Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel RazekAbstractPurposeTo evaluate multi-parametric MR imaging using pseudo-continuous arterial-spin labeling (pCASL) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating subtypes of parotid tumors.Material and methodsThis study was done on 61 consecutive patients (27 M, 34 F aged 15–75 ys: mean 42 ys) with parotid tumors that underwent pCASL and DWI with the calculation of tumor...
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Publication date: September 2019Source: Journal of Phonetics, Volume 76Author(s): Georgia Zellou, Delphine DahanAbstractWhile the fact that phonetic information is evaluated in a non-discrete, probabilistic fashion is well established, there is less consensus regarding how long such encoding is maintained. Here, we examined whether people maintain in memory the amount of vowel nasality present in a word when processing a subsequent word that holds a semantic dependency with the first one. Vowel nasality...
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Abstract An elevated level of IL‐10 has been considered a critical factor for the development of endometriosis; however, its detailed mechanism and causal relationship remain unclear. This study explored the cellular source and angiogenic activity of local IL‐10 during the early stage of endometriosis. Using a surgical murine model, we found that localised treatment with exogenous recombinant IL‐10 on the day of surgery significantly enhanced endometriotic lesion growth and angiogenesis, whereas...
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Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019Source: Brain Research BulletinAuthor(s): Xiang Tang, Di Wu, Ye Yao, LiHua Gu, XiaoChun Chen, QingGuo Ren, ZhiJun ZhangAbstractT2 relaxation time (T2) alterations may serve as markers for early detection and disease progression monitoring by reflecting brain microstructural integrity in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the characteristics of T2 alterations during the early stage of AD remain elusive. We explored T2 alterations and their possible...
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Osteochondroma Arising from the Transverse Process of the Lower Cervical Spine in an Elderly Patient
Publication date: October 2019Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 130Author(s): Dong-Gune Chang, Jong-Beom ParkBackgroundOsteochondroma rarely occurs in the lower cervical spine in elderly patients, because it usually develops during skeletal growth and because of the limited mobility and lower stress in the lower cervical spine.Case DescriptionA 63-year-old man complained of 3-month history of neck pain and a hard, palpable mass in the lower cervical spine. Plain radiography, computed tomography...
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There have been a variety of exoskeletons and exosuits developed over the past decade or so that help with rehabilitation and assist workers in doing heavy labor. Improving walking and running abilities using a single system, though, has been a challenge because of differences in gait between walking and running. Now, researchers from Harvard and University of Nebraska Omaha have developed an exosuit that makes walking and running easier, allowing for natural and highly efficient movement...
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Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Frank AngensteinAbstractTo understand how ongoing neuronal activity affects baseline BOLD signals, neuronal and resultant fMRI responses were simultaneously recorded in the right hippocampus of male rats during continuous low-frequency (2 or 4 Hz) pulse stimulation of the right perforant pathway. Despite continuously increased neuronal activity, BOLD signals only transiently increased in the hippocampus and subsequently...
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Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s):
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Igor Shuryak, Eric J. Hall, David J. Brenner
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Jose Penagaricano
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Nina N. Sanford, Theodore S. Hong
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Derek S. Tsang, Tim Craig, Lopa Mishra, Laura A. Dawson
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Cameron M. Callaghan, Quentin Adams, Ryan T. Flynn, Xiaodong Wu, Weiyu Xu, Yusung KimPurposeTo systematically review scientific literature on the use of intensity-modulated brachytherapy (IMBT), including static and dynamic shielding approaches, to enhance therapeutic ratio. Studies were evaluated for technique, disease site, dosimetry, applicators, dosimetric calculations,...
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Melissa Rasar Young, Roy H. Decker
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Adam C. Mueller, Sana D. Karam
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Richard T. Hoppe
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Andrzej P. Wojcieszynski, Edgar Ben-Josef
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Laura Turner, Kimberli Cox, Gautam Prasad
National Trends and Dynamic Responses in the Canadian Radiation Oncology Workforce From 1990 to 2018
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Shaun K. Loewen, Corinne M. Doll, Ross Halperin, Matthew Parliament, Robert G. Pearcey, Michael F. Milosevic, Andrea Bezjak, Eric Vigneault, Michael BrundagePurposeTo report radiation oncology (RO) workforce and cancer incidence trends in Canada and explore the relationship between the two.Methods and MaterialsCanadian radiation oncologist, trainee, and cancer incidence...
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): L. Christine Fang
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Nisha Ohri, Bruce G. Haffty
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Alexander Augustyn, Benjamin D. Smith
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Muhammad Mohsin Fareed, Arif Jamshed, Sumera Butt, Fiza Shaukat, Paul L. Nguyen, Wilfred F. NgwaThe publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated.The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be...
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Jeffrey R. Olsen, Smith Apisarnthanarax, James D. Murphy, Diana Tait, Florence Huguet, Christopher L. Hallemeier, Salma K. Jabbour
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s):
Publication date: 1 September 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, Volume 105, Issue 1Author(s): Mahmut Ozsahin, Ben J. Slotman, Jean Bourhis
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Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019Source: Archives of Oral BiologyAuthor(s): Tayla Cavallari, Letícia Yumi Arima, Adriano Ferrasa, Samuel Jorge, Simone Tetu Moysés, Roberto Hirochi Herai, Renata Iani WerneckAbstractObjectiveTo present a genetic and protein interaction analysis associated with dental caries.Material and MethodsThe first step was to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) through an electronic database search. Case-controls that reported associations between genes...
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Abstract Background This study aims to examine potential disparities in scholarly performance based on sex, academic rank, leadership positions, and regional distribution of faculty in accredited Head and Neck Surgery fellowships in the United States. Methods Online faculty listings for 37 accredited fellowships were organized according to academic rank, leadership position, sex, and institutional location. Academic productivity was measured with three bibliometric indices: h‐index, m‐index,...
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Telomeric DNA is composed of simple tandem repeat sequences and has a G-rich strand that runs 5' to 3' toward the chromosome terminus. Small RNAs with homology to telomeres have been observed in several organisms and could originate from telomeres or from interstitial telomere sequences (ITSs), which are composites of degenerate and perfect telomere repeat sequences found on chromosome arms. We identified Caenorhabditis elegans small RNAs composed of the Caenorhabditis telomere sequence (TTAGGC)n...
RNAi mediated by small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) operates via transcriptional (TGS) and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). In Arabidopsis thaliana, TGS relies on DICER-LIKE-3 (DCL3)-dependent 24-nt siRNAs loaded into AGO4-clade ARGONAUTE effector proteins. PTGS operates via DCL4-dependent 21-nt siRNAs loaded into AGO1-clade proteins. We set up and validated a medium-throughput, semi-automatized procedure enabling chemical screening, in a 96-well in vitro format, of Arabidopsis transgenic...
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is among the most common forms of muscular dystrophy. FSHD is caused by aberrant expression of the toxic DUX4 gene in muscle. Detecting endogenous DUX4 in patient tissue using conventional methods can be challenging, due to the low level of DUX4 expression. Therefore, developing simple and trustworthy DUX4 detection methods is an important need in the FSHD field. Here, we describe such a method, which uses the RNAscope assay, an RNA in situ hybridization...
We previously reported a large collection of structured noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that includes many riboswitch candidates identified through comparative sequence analysis of bacterial intergenic regions. One of these candidates, initially named the "folE motif," adopts a simple architecture commonly found upstream of folE genes. FolE enzymes catalyze the first enzyme in the de novo folate biosynthesis pathway. Herein, we demonstrate that folE motif RNAs selectively bind the enzyme cofactor tetrahydrofolate...
Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is an interferon-inducible kinase that is potently activated by long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In a previous study, we found that snoRNAs exhibit increased association with PKR in response to metabolic stress. While it was unclear if snoRNAs also activated PKR in cells, activation in vitro was observed. snoRNAs do not exhibit the double-stranded character typically required for activation of PKR, but some studies suggest such RNAs can activate PKR if triphosphorylated...
In a reductionist perspective, plant silencing small (s)RNAs are often classified as mediating nuclear transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) or cytosolic posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). Among the PTGS diagnostics is the association of AGOs and their sRNA cargos with the translation apparatus. In Arabidopsis, this is observed for AGO1 loaded with micro(mi)RNAs and, accordingly, translational-repression (TR) is one layer of plant miRNA action. Using AGO1:miRNA-mediated TR as a paradigm, we...
Oligonucleotide drugs are experiencing greater success in the clinic, encouraging the initiation of new projects. Resources are insufficient to develop every potentially important project, and persuasive experimental data using cell lines close to disease target tissue is needed to prioritize candidates. Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a devastating and currently incurable disease caused by insufficient expression of the enzyme frataxin (FXN). We have previously shown that synthetic nucleic acids can...
Uridine insertion deletion editing in kinetoplastid protozoa requires a complex machinery, a primary component of which is the RNA editing substrate binding complex (RESC). RESC contains two modules termed GRBC (guide RNA binding complex) and REMC (RNA editing mediator complex), although how interactions between these modules and their mRNA and gRNA binding partners are controlled is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the ARM/HEAT repeat containing RESC protein, MRB10130, controls REMC...
Minor intron splicing plays a central role in human embryonic development and survival. Indeed, biallelic mutations in RNU4ATAC, transcribed into the minor spliceosomal U4atac snRNA, are responsible for three rare autosomal recessive multimalformation disorders named Taybi–Linder (TALS/MOPD1), Roifman (RFMN), and Lowry–Wood (LWS) syndromes, which associate numerous overlapping signs of varying severity. Although RNA-seq experiments have been conducted on a few RFMN patient cells, none have been performed...
Reverse transcription of RNA is fallible, introducing biases and confounding the quantification of transcript abundance. We demonstrate that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are more subjective to overestimation of transcript abundance than cognate linear RNAs due to their covalently closed, circular form, producing multiple concatameric products from a single priming of reverse transcriptase. We developed SplintQuant, where custom DNA oligonucleotides are ligated by PBCV-1 DNA ligase only when bound to...
Multiprotein editosomes catalyze gRNA-specified insertion and deletion of uridines to create functional mitochondrial mRNAs in Trypanosoma brucei. Three functionally distinct editosomes are distinguished by their single KREN1, KREN2, or KREN3 RNase III endonuclease and, respectively, KREPB8, KREPB7, and KREPB6 partner proteins. These endonucleases perform the first catalytic step of editing, cleaving mRNA in diverse mRNA/gRNA heteroduplex substrates. We identified divergent and likely noncatalytic...
Pseudouridine () is the most abundant RNA modification in cellular RNA present in tRNA/rRNA/snRNA and also in mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). Elucidation of function in mRNA/lncRNA requires mapping and quantitative assessment of its modification fraction at single-base resolution. The most widely used mapping method for mRNA/lncRNA relies on its reaction with N-Cyclohexyl-N'-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide (CMC), forming an adduct with the base in RNA that is detectable by reverse transcription...
Even though the RNAs contained in the small (40S) and large (60S) ribosomal subunits are cotranscribed, their assembly proceeds largely separately, involving entirely distinct machineries. Nevertheless, separation of the two subunits, an event that is critical for assembly of the small subunit, is delayed until domain I of the large subunit is transcribed, indicating crosstalk between the two assembly pathways. Here we show that this crosstalk is mediated by the assembly factor Rrp5, one of only...
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