Adding Authenticity to Inquiry in a First-Year, Research-Based, Biology Laboratory Course. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2019 Sep;18(3):ar38 Authors: Indorf JL, Weremijewicz J, Janos DP, Gaines MS Abstract Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are an effective way to integrate research into an undergraduate science curriculum and extend research experiences to a large, diverse group of early-career students. We developed a biology CURE at the...
Biological Variation as a Threshold Concept: Can We Measure Threshold Crossing? CBE Life Sci Educ. 2019 Sep;18(3):ar36 Authors: Walck-Shannon E, Batzli J, Pultorak J, Boehmer H Abstract Threshold concepts are fundamental to a discipline and, once understood, transform students' understanding and perception of the subject. Despite the value of threshold concepts as a learning "portal" for heuristic purposes, there is limited empirical evidence of threshold...
Mixed Student Ideas about Mechanisms of Human Weight Loss. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2019 Sep;18(3):ar37 Authors: Sripathi KN, Moscarella RA, Yoho R, You HS, Urban-Lurain M, Merrill J, Haudek K Abstract Recent calls for college biology education reform have identified "pathways and transformations of matter and energy" as a big idea in biology crucial for students to learn. Previous work has been conducted on how college students think about such matter-transforming...
Mark above section as read
Related ArticlesIdentification and potential mechanisms of a 4-lncRNA signature that predicts prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer. Hum Genomics. 2019 Aug 15;13(1):36 Authors: Zhang G, Fan E, Zhong Q, Feng G, Shuai Y, Wu M, Chen Q, Gou X Abstract PURPOSE: This study aimed to describe the use of a novel 4-lncRNA signature to predict prognosis in patients with laryngeal cancer and to explore its possible mechanisms. METHODS: We identified...
Related ArticlesTargeting Cellular Metabolism Modulates Head and Neck Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Aug 14;20(16): Authors: Hsieh YT, Chen YF, Lin SC, Chang KW, Li WC Abstract Considering the great energy and biomass demand for cell survival, cancer cells exhibit unique metabolic signatures compared to normal cells. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide. Recent findings have shown that environmental...
Related ArticlesIncreased Incidence of Glaucoma in Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Aug 14;16(16): Authors: Chien HW, Wu PH, Wang K, Sun CC, Huang JY, Yang SF, Chen HC, Lee CY Abstract The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the incidence of glaucoma in patients diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) via the application of the National Health Insurance Research Database...
Related ArticlesGeneration of a human iPS cell line (CGMH.SLC26A4919-2) from a Pendred syndrome patient carrying SLC26A4 c.919-2A>G splice-site mutation. Stem Cell Res. 2019 Jul 31;40:101524 Authors: Cheng YF, Chan YH, Hu CJ, Lu YC, Saeki T, Hosoya M, Saegusa C, Fujioka M, Okano H, Weng SM, Hsu CJ, Chang KH, Wu CC Abstract SLC26A4 is the second most frequent gene implicated in congenital hearing loss after GJB2 mutations. Here, we report the generation...
Related ArticlesReducing the number of impulses in video head impulse testing - It's the quality not the numbers. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Aug 09;125:206-211 Authors: Wenzel A, Hülse R, Thunsdorff C, Rotter N, Curthoys I Abstract OBJECTIVES: The video-Head-Impulse-Test (vHIT) is widely used to evaluate vestibular function. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the necessary or ideal number of impulses performed for robust VOR gains. Therefore,...
Related ArticlesAuditory Performances in Older and Younger Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients: Use of the HEARRING Registry. Otol Neurotol. 2019 Sep;40(8):e787-e795 Authors: Hofkens-Van den Brandt A, Mertens G, Gilles A, Fransen E, Lassaletta L, Gavilan J, Calvino M, Yanov Y, Kuzovkov V, Kliachko D, Zernotti M, Gregorio DMFD, Van Rompaey V, Van de Heyning P, Sugarova S Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hearing outcomes of cochlear implantation in different...
Related ArticlesThe utilization of selective neck dissection in the treatment of recurrent branchial cleft anomalies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Aug;98(33):e16799 Authors: Li L, Liu J, Lv D, Shen T, Deng D, Wang J, Chen F Abstract To investigate the characteristics of recurrent branchial cleft anomalies (BCAs) and to evaluate the surgical technique and outcomes of patients undergoing reoperation.From January 2005 to August 2018, the clinical data of...
Related ArticlesApplication of "parachute" technique for free flap reconstruction in advanced tongue cancer after ablation without lip-jaw splitting: A retrospective case study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Aug;98(33):e16728 Authors: Liu CJ, Fang KH, Chang CC, Lin ET, Chang GH, Shen JH, Chen YT, Tsai YT Abstract The hemi or subtotal/total glossectomy is usually approached by lip-jaw splitting procedure for advanced tongue cancer ablation. This highly invasive...
Related ArticlesOptimizing value in head and neck cancer free flap surgery. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Aug 13;: Authors: Cash H, Abouyared M, Houlton JJ Abstract PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Value has become an increasingly important topic in healthcare delivery as our systems attempt to deliver increased value to patients at lower costs. This review highlights research performed regarding value for head and neck cancer reconstruction in three...
Related ArticlesTopical Esomeprazole Mitigates Radiation-Induced Dermal Inflammation and Fibrosis. Radiat Res. 2019 Aug 15;: Authors: Pham N, Ludwig MS, Wang M, Ebrahimpour A, Bonnen MD, Diwan AH, Kim SJ, Bryan J, Newton JM, Sikora AG, Donovan DT, Sandulache V, Ghebre YT Abstract Radiation therapy is a mainstream strategy in the treatment of several cancer types that are surgically unresectable. Unfortunately, cancer patients often suffer from unintended...
Related ArticlesUpdate on Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Larynx. Am J Clin Pathol. 2019 Aug 15;: Authors: Strosberg C, Ferlito A, Triantafyllou A, Gnepp DR, Bishop JA, Hellquist H, Strojan P, Willems SM, Stenman G, Rinaldo A, Hernandez-Prera JC Abstract OBJECTIVES: Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas are heterogeneous neoplasms characterized by neuroendocrine differentiation. Their prognoses are dependent on tumor type, therefore different classifications...
Related ArticlesAssociation of a Lean Surgical Plan of the Day With Reduced Operating Room Time for Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Aug 15;: Authors: Ibrahim A, Ndeti K, Bur A, Sykes K, Shnayder L, Tsue T, Westbrook A, Kakarala K Abstract Importance: Inefficiency in the operating room (OR) is detrimental to the patient, the hospital, and the surgeon. Head and neck procedures requiring microvascular reconstruction...
Related ArticlesProgressive Bilateral Nasal Obstruction Due to Nasopharyngeal Mass. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Aug 15;: Authors: Min HJ, Kim KS PMID: 31415072 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related ArticlesFrontal Sinus Transillumination in Cranioplasty for Facial Feminization Surgery. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2019 Aug 15;: Authors: Gilde JE, Shih CW, Kleinberger AJ PMID: 31415054 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Related ArticlesComment on: Contralateral surgery in patients scheduled for total thyroidectomy with initial loss or absence of signal during neural monitoring. Br J Surg. 2019 Sep;106(10):1415 Authors: Piccin O, Burgio L, Fornaciari M, Cioccoloni E, Cavicchi O PMID: 31414720 [PubMed - in process]
Related ArticlesAbsence of disruptive TP53 mutations in high-risk human papillomavirus-driven neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary. Head Neck. 2019 Aug 15;: Authors: Boscolo-Rizzo P, Schroeder L, Sacchetto V, Holzinger D, Da Mosto MC, Tirelli G, Dal Cin E, Mantovani M, Menegaldo A, Del Mistro A, Romeo S, Dei Tos AP, Niero M, Rigo S, Dyckhoff G, Hess J, Alemany L, Quer M, León X, Polesel J, Pawlita M, Bertorelle R Abstract BACKGROUND: To enforce...
Related ArticlesSerious immune-related adverse events in patients with head and neck cancer after checkpoint blockade: Systematic review. Head Neck. 2019 Aug 15;: Authors: Shah M, Jomaa MK, Ferrarotto R, Yeung SJ, Hanna EY, Reyes-Gibby CC Abstract BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors confer significant clinical benefit by bolstering immune-system activity, however, they also produce a spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Rapid recognition...
Mark above section as read
Related ArticlesElucidation of the possible mechanism of analgesic action of methanol stem bark extract of Uapaca togoensis pax in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 Aug 12;:112156 Authors: Olorukooba AB, Odoma S Abstract ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Uapaca togoensis is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Africa for the treatment of rheumatism, epilepsy, cough, pneumonia, vomitting and fever. Previously, the analgesic activity of its methanol stem bark...
Related ArticlesFatal contrast medium-induced adverse response to iohexol in carotid artery angioplasty: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Aug;98(33):e16758 Authors: Yang Z, Li R, Yue J, Wei Y, Zhang X, Yin R Abstract RATIONALE: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to iohexol occur infrequently and generally result in good outcomes. This report describes a 51-year-old man suffering from an ADR to iohexol (Omnipaque 300), which proved fatal. ...
Related ArticlesAspects of cAMP Signaling in Epileptogenesis and Seizures and Its Potential as Drug Target. Neurochem Res. 2019 Aug 14;: Authors: Mertz C, Krarup S, Jensen CD, Lindholm SEH, Kjær C, Pinborg LH, Bak LK Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurological conditions. Today, close to 30 different medications to prevent epileptic seizures are in use; yet, far from all patients become seizure free upon medical treatment. Thus,...
Related ArticlesMYCN amplification drives an aggressive form of spinal ependymoma. Acta Neuropathol. 2019 Aug 14;: Authors: Ghasemi DR, Sill M, Okonechnikov K, Korshunov A, Yip S, Schutz PW, Scheie D, Kruse A, Harter PN, Kastelan M, Wagner M, Hartmann C, Benzel J, Maass KK, Khasraw M, Sträter R, Thomas C, Paulus W, Kratz CP, Witt H, Kawauchi D, Herold-Mende C, Sahm F, Brandner S, Kool M, Jones DTW, von Deimling A, Pfister SM, Reuss DE, Pajtler KW Abstract ...
Related ArticlesCorpus callosotomy might have reduced epileptic seizure-induced repetitive shoulder joint dislocation in two patients with medically intractable epilepsy who were not focus resection candidates. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2019;15:905-909 Authors: Sakakura K, Fujimoto A, Ichikawa N, Sato K, Enoki H, Okanishi T Abstract Purpose: Treatment options appear lacking for patients with epileptic seizure-induced shoulder dislocations who are not candidates...
Related ArticlesAssociation of valproic acid and 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid concentrations with adverse reaction in 254 Chinese patients with epilepsy. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2019 Jul 28;44(7):775-783 Authors: Ma H, Zhu W, Wang C, Pan J, Yang X, Luo J, Wang P Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of the concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) and 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-ene-VPA) with their adverse reactions, and to guide...
Related ArticlesComparison of Functional Deficit Zone Defined by FDG PET to the Epileptogenic Zones Described in Stereo-Electroencephalograph in Drug-Resistant Epileptic Patients Treated by Surgery. Clin Nucl Med. 2019 Jul;44(7):526-531 Authors: Montaz-Rosset MS, Scholly J, Voulleminot P, Severac F, Hirsch E, Valenti-Hirsch MP, Namer IJ Abstract INTRODUCTION: The purpose of presurgical assessment is to delimit the epileptogenic zone and the functional...
Mark above section as read
Related ArticlesEmotional disclosure and cognitive processing in couples coping with head and neck cancer. J Behav Med. 2019 Aug 14;: Authors: Bakhshaie J, Bonnen M, Asper J, Sandulache V, Badr H Abstract Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and their spouses experience communication problems and high rates of emotional distress. Couple-based interventions that encourage emotional disclosure hold promise for improving cognitive processing and distress...
Related ArticlesSAPHO syndrome of the temporomandibular joint associated with trismus: a case report and review of the literature. Oral Radiol. 2019 Aug 14;: Authors: Kotaki S, Gamoh S, Yoshida H, Noma T, Tsuji K, Akiyama H, Yotsui Y, Iseki T, Shimizutani K Abstract Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a disorder characterized by pustular skin lesions and osteoarticular lesions. Mandibular involvement occurs in...
Related ArticlesAssessment of the prognostic value and N1b changes of the eighth TNM/AJCC staging system for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol. 2019 Aug 14;: Authors: Zhi J, Wu Y, Hu L, Zhao J, Liu H, Ruan X, Hou X, Zhang J, Zheng X, Gao M Abstract BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic veracity for disease-specific survival (DSS) of the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International...
Related ArticlesEfficacy of hemithyroidectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma with minimal extrathyroidal extension. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Aug 14;: Authors: Ji YB, Song CM, Kim D, Sung ES, Lee DW, Chung MS, Tae K Abstract PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the oncologic outcomes of hemithyroidectomy with total thyroidectomy in clinically node-negative (cN0) papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with minimal extrathyroidal extension (ETE). ...
Related ArticlesFunctional outcome predictors following mandibular reconstruction with osteocutaneous fibula free flaps: correlating early postoperative videofluoroscopic swallow studies with long-term clinical results. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 Dec;41(1):30 Authors: Gonzalez SR, Hobbs B, Vural E, Moreno MA Abstract Background: Advancements in the field of microvascular surgery and the widespread adoption of microvascular surgical techniques...
Related ArticlesCharacterization of the tumor immune micromilieu and its interference with outcome after concurrent chemoradiation in patients with oropharyngeal carcinomas. Oncoimmunology. 2019;8(8):1614858 Authors: Hess AK, Jöhrens K, Zakarneh A, Balermpas P, Von Der Grün J, Rödel C, Weichert W, Hummel M, Keilholz U, Budach V, Tinhofer I Abstract BACKGROUND: Intra-tumoral CD8 + T-cell infiltration in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC)...
Related ArticlesPrognostic Nomograms for Predicting Overall Survival and Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Major Salivary Gland Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. J Cancer. 2019;10(18):4380-4388 Authors: Hu JQ, Yu PC, Shi X, Liu WL, Zhang TT, Lei BW, Huang NS, Xu WB, Han LT, Ma B, Liao T, Wei WJ, Wang Y, Lu ZW, Wang YL, Ji QH Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to develop and validate prognostic nomograms predicting overall (OS) and cancer-specific...
Related ArticlesVerteporfin suppresses the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells via inhibiting YAP1. J Cancer. 2019;10(18):4196-4207 Authors: Liu K, Du S, Gao P, Zheng J Abstract Purpose: Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, it is unknown whether verteporfin, a YAP1 inhibitor, can inhibit HNSCC cells as well as the...
Related ArticlesClinical and economic burden of head and neck cancer: a nationwide retrospective cohort study from France. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2019;11:441-451 Authors: Schernberg A, Sagaon-Teyssier L, Schwarzinger M Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the clinical and economic burden of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in France. Methods: All 53,255 incident adult patients discharged with a first diagnosis of HNSCC in 2010-2012...
Related ArticlesLINC00958-MYC positive feedback loop modulates resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells to chemo- and radiotherapy in vitro. Onco Targets Ther. 2019;12:5989-6000 Authors: Huang S, Zhan Z, Li L, Guo H, Yao Y, Feng M, Deng J, Xiong J Abstract Background: Aberrant long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression contributes cancer development and resistance to therapy. This study first assessed expression of lncRNA LINC00958 in a...
Related ArticlesCCT α is a novel biomarker for diagnosis of laryngeal squamous cell cancer. Sci Rep. 2019 Aug 14;9(1):11823 Authors: Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Cheng J, Zhao C, Wang Z Abstract Choline phosphate-based delivery systems can target the acidic tumor microenvironment. In this study, we set out to evaluate the diagnostic value of Choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase-α (CCTα) in laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC). The expression of CCTα was...
Related ArticlesImproved Assessment of Middle Ear Recurrent Cholesteatomas Using a Fusion of Conventional CT and Non-EPI-DWI MRI. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2019 Aug 14;: Authors: Felici F, Scemama U, Bendahan D, Lavieille JP, Moulin G, Chagnaud C, Montava M, Varoquaux A Abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recurrent middle ear cholesteatomas are commonly preoperatively assessed using MR imaging (non-EPI-DWI) and CT. Both modalities are used with the aim of...
Related ArticlesEffects of prophylactic swallowing exercises on dysphagia and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer receiving (chemo) radiotherapy: the Redyor study, a protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Trials. 2019 Aug 14;20(1):503 Authors: Guillen-Sola A, Soler NB, Marco E, Pera-Cegarra O, Foro P Abstract BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced dysphagia is common in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Available evidence suggests...
Related ArticlesUpregulation of the long non-coding RNA CASC9 as a biomarker for squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2019 Aug 14;19(1):806 Authors: Sassenberg M, Droop J, Schulz WA, Dietrich D, Loick SM, Wiek C, Scheckenbach K, Gaisa NT, Hoffmann MJ Abstract BACKGROUND: Few diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are available for head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown promise as biomarkers in other cancer...
Related ArticlesMR Imaging Evaluation of Pediatric Neck Masses:: Review and Update. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2019 May;27(2):173-199 Authors: Buch K, Reinshagen KL, Juliano AF Abstract Neck masses are commonly encountered in the pediatric population, resulting from congenital, neoplastic, inflammatory, and infectious causes. MR imaging may be used for the evaluation and characterization of these lesions. This article discusses a variety of commonly...
Related ArticlesThe Paramedian Forehead Flap for Nasal Reconstruction: From Antiquity to Present. J Craniofac Surg. 2019 Mar/Apr;30(2):330-333 Authors: Shokri T, Kadakia S, Saman M, Habal MB, Kohlert S, Sokoya M, Ducic Y, Wood-Smith D Abstract Nasal reconstruction is considered the historic foundation of facial plastic surgery, and the forehead flap remains the workhorse of repair. To recreate both the aesthetic contour and function of the nose, all...
Mark above section as read
Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 58Author(s): Matthew R Whiteway, Daniel A ButtsMany aspects of brain function arise from the coordinated activity of large populations of neurons. Recent developments in neural recording technologies are providing unprecedented access to the activity of such populations during increasingly complex experimental contexts; however, extracting scientific insights from such recordings requires the concurrent development of analytical...
Mark above section as read
Abstract The Ehlers‐Danlos Syndromes (EDS) and associated hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) are a heterogenous group of connective tissue disorders associated with significant morbidity. The urogenital aspects of these disorders are understudied and there is little guidance on the prevalence, types, or outcomes of urogenital complications in EDS/HSD. Our objective was to perform a scoping review to characterize and synthesize the literature reporting urogenital and pelvic complications...
Mark above section as read
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck DiseasesAuthor(s): R. Luscan, E. Truffert, F. Simon, K. Belhous, B. Verillaud, N. Garabedian, N. Leboulanger, V. CouloignerAbstractObjectivesTo report an unusual complication of pediatric acute maxillary sinusitis: premaxillary abscess. To describe clinical, radiological and biological presentation, treatment strategy and progression.Material and methodsA retrospective study included all...
Mark above section as read
Publication date: Available online 17 August 2019Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAuthor(s): L. Gao, Q.-B. Wang, Y. Zhi, W.-H. Ren, S.-M. Li, C.-Y. Zhao, X.-M. Xing, Z.-C. Dou, J.-C. Liu, C.-M. Jiang, K.-Q. ZhiAbstractCircular RNA plays an important role in regulating tumour development and progression and can serve as a biomarker for cancer. This study was performed to investigate the clinical significance of hsa_circ_0092125 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma...
Mark above section as read
Objectives To evaluate whether frailty and functional measures are predictors of perioperative complications and length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery. Study Design Prospective study. Methods Patients 50 years and older undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery between 2011 and 2015 preoperatively completed Fried's Frailty Index, Barthel Index, Lawton‐Brody questionnaire and Vulnerable Elders Survey‐13. Primary outcome measures were postoperative...
Objectives To determine whether the Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) predicts diagnoses made via laryngoscopy/stroboscopy, as compared to common clinical inquiries about vocal characteristics. Methods We prospectively collected data from a cohort of 204 consecutive patients newly presenting for ambulatory laryngology evaluation. Each patient completed the VHI‐10 and 16 concurrent mainstream queries about vocal characteristics such as weakness, breathiness, fatiguability, or inability to shout....
Objectives/Hypothesis This study analyzes the treatment outcomes of frontal inverted papillomas (FIPs) in an attempt to provide guidelines for surgery selection. Study Design Retrospective case series. Methods The treatment results of 29 FIPs classified into five categories were retrospectively analyzed. The five categories are F1, tumor prolapsed into frontal sinus, tumor origin outside frontal sinus; F2, tumor origin inside frontal sinus, medial to the plane of lamina papyracea; F3,...
Anemia and blood transfusion requirements in endoscopic sinus surgery: A propensity‐matched analysis
Objective Massive bleeding requiring blood transfusion is a feared complication of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). In an effort to improve healthcare quality and outcomes, research is focused on identifying the risk factors for complications following surgical procedures. Blood transfusions have been linked to increased complication rates, but their role has not been extensively studied in ESS. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP)...
Mark above section as read
Xanthomonas oryzae is a devastating pathogen of rice worldwide, however, X. sontii and X. maliensis are its non-pathogenic counterparts from the same host. So far, these non-pathogenic isolates were overlooked due to their less economic importance and lack of genomic information. We have carried out detailed ecological and evolutionary study focusing on diverse lifestyles of these strains. Phylogenomic analysis revealed two major lineages corresponding to X. sontii (ML-I) and X. oryzae (ML-II) species....
A wide range of differences between the subgenomes, termed as subgenome asymmetry or SA, has been reported in various polyploids and different species seem to have different responses to polyploidization. We compared subgenome differences in gene ratio and relative diversity between artificial and natural genotypes of several allopolyploid species. Surprisingly, consistent differences in neither gene ratio nor relative diversity between the subgenomes were detected between these two types of polyploid...
New ways of curbing the ability of bacteria to evolve spontaneous resistance could mitigate the looming antibiotic resistance crisis. Progress toward this goal requires a comprehensive understanding of the key factors that contribute to resistance evolvability. Here, we present a systematic approach to identify cellular functions that affect the evolvability of resistance. Using a robotic lab-evolution platform that keeps population size and selection pressure under tight control for hundreds of...
Accurately inferring the genome-wide landscape of recombination rates in natural populations is a central aim in genomics, as patterns of linkage influence everything from genetic mapping to understanding evolutionary history. Here we describe ReLERNN, a deep learning method for accurately estimating a genome-wide recombination landscape using as few as four samples. Rather than use summaries of linkage disequilibrium as its input, ReLERNN considers columns from a genotype alignment, which are then...
Background: Both male and female tsetse flies, haematophagous insects, transmit trypanosomes between hosts and are the cyclical vectors for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT). Trypanosomes responsible for AAT can be transmitted by tsetse between wild animals and livestock. However, the degree of connectivity between the sylvatic and domestic cycles is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate patterns of host feeding in relationship to trypanosome...
Three yellow pigmented, Gram negative, aerobic, rod shaped, motile bacterial strains designated as PPL1, PPL2 and PPL3 were isolated from healthy basmati rice seeds. Phenotypic, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis assigned these strains to the genus Xanthomonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was having 99.59% similarity with X. sacchari CFBP4641T. However, whole genome based phylogenomic analysis revealed that these strains formed a distinct monophyletic clade with X. sacchari CFBP4641T...
During embryogenesis in animals, initial developmental processes are driven entirely by maternally provided gene products that are deposited into the oocyte. The zygotic genome is transcriptionally activated later, when developmental control is handed off from maternal gene products to the zygote during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT). The MZT is highly regulated and conserved across all animals, and while some details change across model systems where it has been studied, most are too evolutionarily...
When incipient species meet in secondary contact, natural selection can rapidly reduce costly reproductive interactions by directly targeting reproductive traits. This process, called reproductive character displacement (RCD), leaves a characteristic pattern of geographic variation where divergence of traits between species is greater in sympatry than allopatry. However, because other forces can also cause similar patterns, care must be given in separating pattern from process. Here we show how the...
BackgroundDisentangling the selective factors shaping adaptive trait variation is an important but challenging task. Many studies--especially in Drosophila--have documented trait variation along latitudinal or altitudinal clines, but frequently lack resolution about specific environmental gradients that could be causal selective agents, and often do not investigate covariation between traits simultaneously. Here we examined variation in multiple macroecological factors across geographic space and...
Mycobacterium riyadhense is a novel non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that is increasingly isolated from clinical cases with tuberculosis (TB)-like symptoms in humans in various parts of the world. To elucidate the genomic hallmarks that define the relationship between M. riyadhense and other mycobacterial species, including members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), eight clinical isolates of M. riyadhense were analysed. M. riyadhense shares a large number of conserved orthologues...
How two-components genetic systems accumulate evolutionary novelty and become diversified in the course of evolution is a fundamental problem in evolutionary systems biology. In the Brassicaceae, self-incompatibility (SI) is a spectacular example of a diversified allelic series in which numerous highly diverged receptor-ligand combinations are segregating in natural populations. However, the evolutionary mechanisms by which new SI specificities arise in the first place have remained elusive. Using...
Unsampled or extinct ghost populations leave signatures on the genomes of individuals from extant, sampled populations, especially if they have exchanged genes with them over evolutionary time. This gene flow from ghost populations can introduce biases when estimating evolutionary history from genomic data, often leading to data misinterpretation and ambiguous results. To assess the extent of this bias, we perform an extensive simulation study under varying degrees of gene flow to and from ghost...
De novo protein-coding innovations sometimes emerge from ancestrally non-coding DNA, despite the expectation that translating random sequences is overwhelmingly likely to be deleterious. The "pre-adapting selection" hypothesis claims that emergence is facilitated by prior, low-level translation of non-coding sequences via molecular errors. It predicts that selection on polypeptides translated only in error is strong enough to matter, and is strongest when erroneous expression is high. To test this...
The RNA world hypothesis relies on the ability of ribonucleic acids to spontaneously acquire complex structures capable of supporting essential biological functions. Multiple sophisticated evolutionary models have been proposed for their emergence, but they often assume specific conditions. In this work we explore a simple and parsimonious scenario describing the emergence of complex molecular structures at the early stages of life. We show that at specific GC-content regimes, an undirected replication...
Understanding the impacts of current human activities on within-species genetic variation requires a thorough description of the historical factors that have shaped the genomic and geographical distribution of nucleotide diversity. Past and current conditions influencing effective population size have important evolutionary implications for the efficacy of selection, increased accumulation of deleterious mutations, and loss of adaptive potential under the nearly neutral theory. Here, we gather extensive...
Mark above section as read
Abstract Background and aim Glioblastoma multiform (GBM); most fatal brain cancer, is incurable with molecular diversity hence identification of molecular targets that contribute to GBM tumorgenesis will be suitable for the development of diagnostic and treatment strategies. Micro-RNAs (miR); small RNA molecules, are stable in blood and play a crucial role in molecular processes in GBM. Thus it was aimed to investigate the clinical role...
Abstract Purpose Given recently suggested utility of hypofractionated stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in treating large brain metastases (BMs) > 3 cm, we sought to prospectively control tumor size variable to investigate the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated SRS for medium-sized BMs (2.5 to 3 cm) compared with single-fraction SRS. Methods Between...
Mark above section as read
Abstract A role for sexual selection in the evolution of insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) is suggested by observations of selection acting on male CHCs during female mate choice. However, evidence that CHCs evolve in response to sexual selection is generally lacking, and there is a need to extend our understanding beyond well‐studied taxa. Experimental evolution offers a powerful approach to investigate the effect of sexual selection on the evolution of insect CHCs. We conducted such an experiment...
Abstract In the last several years, there has been a surge in the number of studies addressing the causes and consequences of among‐individual variation in cognitive ability and behavioural plasticity. Here, we use a recent publication by Herczeg et al. [2019: 32(3), 218‐226] to highlight three shortcomings common to this newly emerging field. In their study, Herczeg and colleagues attempted to link variation in cognitive ability and behavioural plasticity by testing whether selection lines of guppies...
Abstract The measurement of fitness in wild populations is a challenging task, and a number of proxies have been proposed with different degrees of success. Developmental instability/stability (DI) is an organismal property associated with variance in bilateral asymmetry (fluctuating asymmetry – FA), and a correlated effect on fitness. This study provides evidence to corroborate the hypothesis that asymmetry partly reflects DI and is correlated with a reduction in fitness measured by survival and...
Mark above section as read
Oca2 exon loss in amelanistic cichlid fish
Mark above section as read
Objectives: The digits-in-noise test (DIN) has become increasingly popular as a consumer-based method to screen for hearing loss. Current versions of all DINs either test ears monaurally or present identical stimuli binaurally (i.e., diotic noise and speech, NoSo). Unfortunately, presentation of identical stimuli to each ear inhibits detection of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and neither diotic nor monaural presentation sensitively detects conductive hearing loss (CHL). After an...
Objectives: Adopting the omnidirectional microphone (OMNI) mode and reducing low-frequency gain are the two most commonly used wind noise reduction strategies in hearing devices. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of these two strategies on cochlear implant users’ speech-understanding abilities and perceived sound quality in wind noise. We also examined the effectiveness of a new strategy that adopts the microphone mode with lower wind noise level in each frequency channel. ...
Mark above section as read
Identifying tumor characteristics that correlate with metastasis and survival in patients with conjunctival melanoma can potentially lead to better outcomes through a better selection of patients for adjuvant treatments including potentially life-saving new melanoma therapy. The objective of this study was to validate the conjunctival melanoma staging criteria in the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Cancer Staging Manual (8th edition) and explore the prognostic importance of tumor thickness,...
No abstract available
Mark above section as read
Abstract Background Oral parafunctional activities such as daytime nonfunctional tooth contact (nFTC) are considered etiological factors for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of an email‐based recording and reminding system for limiting daytime nFTC in patients with TMDs. Methods Thirty patients with TMDs (mean age, 30.7 ± 8.7 years) were randomly assigned to three groups according to the intervention for limiting nFTC: cognitive behavioral...
Abstract Background Changes in quantitative sensory testing (QST) parameters following topical anesthesia could contribute to better elucidate underlying mechanisms of somatosensory alterations in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain patients. This placebo‐controlled crossover investigation compared the somatosensory profile following topical anesthesia between TMD patients (n=20) and healthy participants (n=20). Methods Cold detection threshold, warm detection threshold, cold pain threshold,...
Mark above section as read
Abstract Objective Suicide rates are elevated in epidemiological studies, but extrapolating population level data to the individual patient cancer is difficult, and there is a dearth of studies examining how suicidality might be linked to the cancer experience. We examine the cancer‐suicide correlates to explore clinical implications and future research directions. Method We used a novel database to examine all suicide deaths reported to the Coroners Court of Victoria between 2009‐2013...
Abstract Background Family caregivers carry heavy end‐of‐life (EOL) caregiving burdens, with their physical and psychological well‐being threatened from caregiving to bereavement. However, caregiving burden has rarely been examined as a risk factor for bereavement adjustment to disentangle the wear‐and‐tear vs. relief models of bereavement. Objective/Methods Pre‐ and postloss variables associated with severe depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) for 201 terminally ill cancer patients’...
Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to present a broader perspective of factors affecting the quality of life after post‐mastectomy breast reconstruction in women with breast cancer by considering these patients’ self‐reported outcomes. Methods The search was performed from March 29 to April 19, 2019, on the following databases: PsycInfo; Web of Science Core Collection, Current Contents Connect, Derwent Innovations Index, KCI‐Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index,...
Abstract Objective Although brain radiation therapy (RT) impacts cognitive function, little is known about the subset of survivors with minimal cognitive deficits. This study compares the characteristics of patients receiving brain irradiation as part of cancer treatment with minimal cognitive deficits to those with poorer cognitive functioning. Methods Adults at least 6 months post‐brain RT (N = 198) completed cognitive measures of attention, memory, and executive functions. Cognitive...
Abstract Objective Prostate cancer (PC) and its treatment often result in chronic, negative side‐effects that affect both patients and their romantic partners. Illness uncertainty is a chronic stressor that impacts PC patients and their partners, and if left unmanaged, predicts decreased interpersonal functioning and quality of life (QOL) after treatment is complete. This study explored associations among psychosocial constructs, measured from both partners during the first year following a PC...
Abstract Objective Previously, four caregiver types have been identified as a result of communication patterns between patient and caregiver, revealing unique caregiver information needs and preferences. The purpose of this study was to explore variation in health literacy among the four family caregiver communication types: Manager, Partner, Carrier, and Lone caregivers. Methods The sample consisted of 115 cancer caregivers. Participants completed the Family Caregiver Communication Tool...
Abstract Objective Cancer and its treatment are associated with long‐term cognitive deficits. However, most studies of cancer patients have used traditional, office‐based cognitive evaluations instead of assessing patients in their daily lives. Recent research in cognitive aging suggests that variability in performance may be a sensitive indicator of cognitive decline. Using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), we examined cognitive variability among breast cancer survivors and evaluated whether...
Abstract Objectives To compare physical and mental health status between cancer carers versus non‐carers in a population‐based sample, and explore sociodemographic and caring characteristics associated with poor carer health status. Methods The South Australian Health Omnibus is a population‐based cross‐sectional survey. Carer status was self‐defined by participants as having cared for someone with cancer in the last 5 years. Health status was considered poor if 0.5 standard deviation lower...
Mark above section as read
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου