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1.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):242-247. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_037.
A malpractice: Stripping of the great saphenous vein without the division of the side-branches at the saphenofemoral junction.
I A.
Abstract
AIM:
To highlight the components of stripping operation of the great saphenous vein and to offer a proposal for guidelines.
METHODS:
7789 admissions with venous insufficiency during the period, reaching seven and a half years were evaluated. Seventy- two admissions of nineteen patients were related to the recurrent symptoms due to previous incomplete stripping surgery. Doppler ultrasonography evaluations were made. The remained venous segment from the first operation was excised in the second operation.
RESULTS:
Mean duration between two operations was 7.44 years. Preoperative clinics were changing between C2s and C5 according to CEAP classification. Only nine patients could be persuaded to undergo the second operation. The remaining six patients rejected the second operation.
CONCLUSION:
While the patients who were operated on for the second time regained their health, others became the epitome of hopelessness and mistrust. They lost their confidence in medicine and surgery. If a stripping operation is planned, it should be performed in full accordance with the surgical procedure of stripping as mentioned in the classical textbooks. Guidelines should contain expressions reminding of ethical issues. This will prevent the dereliction of the duty and the loss of money, labor, time, health, patients' confidence in surgery (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 18) Keywords: ethics, malpractice, quality of life, venous, saphenous, stripping.
2.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):235-241. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_036.
Effects of thiamine treatment on oxidative stress in experimental diabetes.
Abstract
AIM:
Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia are features of diabetes mellitus. Thiamine has beneficial effects on carbohydrate metabolism and it was proposed that this vitamin has antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects. Our aim was to investigate the effects of thiamine on oxidative stress and metabolic changes in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.
METHOD:
Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Thiamine (6 mg/kg) was added to drinking water for five weeks. The rats were divided into four groups: control rats; thiamine treated control rats; diabetic rats; thiamine treated diabetic rats. Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively. Paraoxonase (PON) and arylesterase (AE) activities were measured with spectrophotometric methods, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined using commercial kits.
RESULTS:
Thiamine treatment reduced plasma and tissue MDA levels, serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and increased serum high density lipoprotein- cholesterol and insulin levels, serum PON and AE, erythrocyte SOD and blood GSH-Px activities.
CONCLUSION:
Thiamine significantly improves oxidative stress and has hyperinsulinemic and antihyperlipidemic effects so we suggest that thiamine might be used as a supportive therapeutic agent in diabetes (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 53).
KEYWORDS:
diabetes mellitus; oxidative stress paraoxonase.; streptozotocin; thiamine
3.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):230-235. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_035.
Predictors of survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension and acute right heart failure.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to analyse survival of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) hospitalized due to an acute right heart failure (ARHF) with emphasis on risk factors and effectiveness of treatment following current guidelines.
METHODS:
We retrospectively analysed 117 hospitalizations of 70 patients (59 PAH patients; 11 CTEPH patients, mean age 53.1 ± 16.77 years, 54 % females) between 2004 and 2013.
RESULTS:
96 cases were hospitalized at cardiology wards (CW) while 21 at intensive care unit (ICU). The overall hospital mortality was 12.8 %, CW mortality was 4 %, and ICU mortality was 52.4 %. Higher risk of in-hospital mortality was associated with younger age, lower sodium levels, severe forms of PAH (heritable PAH, CTD-PAH) and need of PAH combination treatment. The one-year survival from the first ARHF hospitalization was 67.6 % (95 % CI 57.1-80 %), the two-year survival was 41.9 % (95 % CI 30.8-56.9 %). The presence of ascites was a predictor of long-term mortality.
CONCLUSIONS:
Mortality in patients with PH and ARHF remains very high. Identification of its risk factors could be used as basis of risk-adapted therapy (Tab. 5, Fig. 2, Ref. 14).
KEYWORDS:
acute right hear failure; chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension mortality.; pulmonary arterial hypertension
4.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):225-229. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_034.
Low concentrations of methamphetamine can suppress inflammation in trophoblast JEG-3 cell line induced by nicotine.
Abstract
AIM:
Nicotine at high concentrations induces apoptosis in trophoblastic cells through induction of cell cytotoxicity and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Methamphetamine in low dose has pharmaceutical properties. It seems that this components in low dose can protect the trophoblastic cells from nicotine-induced cell death.
METHOD:
Trophoblastic (JEG-3) cells grown in DMEM culture medium. MTT assay test detected the cell viability and Lactate Dehydrogenase test measured the cells cytotoxicity. Griess reaction was used for NO production analysis. Cell migration traced by wounding technique. Human Cytokine Array Focused 13-plex was also used for analysis of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, INFγ, and TNFα pre-inflammatory cytokines.
RESULTS:
Methamphetamine, in very low dose (pM), increased the cell viability and NO production, and decreased cell cytotoxicity, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, INFγ, and TNFα pre-inflammatory cytokines of JEG-3 cell which were exposed to high dose of nicotine, respectively. Cell migration was enhanced by low dose of methamphetamine in JEG-3 cells.
CONCLUSION:
Methamphetamine in very low dose suppressed the JEG-3 cell death induced by high dose of nicotine (Fig. 5, Ref. 48) Keywords: methamphetamine, nicotine, cell death, NO.
5.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):218-224. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_033.
Regulation ranges and patterns of adaptation to hyponatremia by cells of various organs and tissues of vertebrate animals.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The effect of hyponatremia on the body is studied on model objects. The related question concerns the degree of compliance between manifestations of hyponatremia and protective mechanisms in humans and other species of vertebrates.
OBJECTIVES:
To identify the regulation ranges and patterns of adaptation to hyponatremia by cells of various organs and tissues of vertebrate animals.
METHODS:
To assess the regulation ranges and patterns of adaptation to hyponatremia, a comparative analysis has been applied to the data obtained from humans, mammals and freshwater fish.
RESULTS:
The physiological content of sodium in the blood plasma in humans is regulated and maintained within a narrow value range which is similar to that occurring in a number of other vertebrate species. The counteraction to hyponatremia is performed by means of accelerating the transport of sodium, potassium, chloride and organic osmolytes from the cells into the internal environment.
CONCLUSIONS:
The data regarding mammals are fragmented and reflect the manifestation of protective mechanisms taking place during the initial period of hyponatremia. The method tested on freshwater fish allows for studying patterned changes in inorganic ions and content of organic osmolytes in the internal environment and cells of various organs and tissues of the body from the start of developing hyponatremia till the completion of the recovery process in vivo (Fig. 2, Ref. 72).
KEYWORDS:
blood plasma; freshwater fish; humans; hyponatremia volume regulation of cells.; mammals; normonatremia; tissue
6.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):211-217. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_032.
The protective effect of betanin and copper on heart and lung in end‑organ ischemia reperfusion injury.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
Betanin and copper sulphate have been previously indicated as beneficial agents for ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) as antioxidant compounds in various models. We investigated whether betanin and copper have any protective effects on the heart and lung against I/R injury in rats.
METHODS:
Spraque-Dawley rats were assigned in groups: Sham (laparotomy only), control (I/R only), betanin treatment (100 mg/kg of betanin administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 60 minutes before I/R) and copper sulfate treatment group (0.1 mg/kg/day copper sulfate i.p. for 7 days before I/R). Ischemia was induced by clamping the aorta between the left renal artery and aortic bifurcation for 45 minutes. After 48-hour reperfusion, the rats were sacrificed and heart/lung tissues were harvested. Malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were determined. Apoptosis was determined via TUNEL assay.
RESULTS:
MDA, MPO, IL-6 levels and apoptotic cells were significantly increased in the I/R group. In both treatment groups, MDA and MPO levels were decreased. IL-6 was significantly decreased in response to betanin administration in the heart, but not in the lung; copper had no effect in either area. The numbers of apoptotic cells were significantly decreased in both treatment groups.
CONCLUSION:
Betanin and copper may have protective effects on I/R injury in the heart and lung in rats (Fig. 6, Ref. 39).
KEYWORDS:
antiinflammation; antioxidant rat.; betanin; copper; ischemia reperfusion injury
7.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):206-210. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_031.
The relationship between exercise capacity and neutrophil//lymphocyte ratio in patients taken to cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program.
S O.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between exercise capacity and n/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients enrolled in a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program.
BACKGROUND:
NLR has recently been used as a potential marker to determine inflammation in cardiac and non-cardiac diseases.
METHODS:
In this retrospective study, an exercise test and six-minute walking test (6MWT) were carried out in 23 patients with coronary artery disease and 28 patients with pulmonary disease before cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program, and routine hemogram test results were evaluated.
RESULTS:
The result of 6MWT test distance was 333.43 ± 86.58 m in the cardiac rehabilitation group and 348.46 ± 81.37 m in the pulmonary rehabilitation group. There was a negative correlation between 6MWT and NLR in the cardiac rehabilitation group (p < 0.05). As NLR increased, the MET value and duration of exercise decreased in the pulmonary rehabilitation group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION:
NLR could be used as a predictor to evaluate the exercise capacity in patients to be enrolled in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program (Tab. 3, Ref. 30) Keywords: exercise capacity, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, rehabilitation.
8.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):199-205. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_030.
Endoscopic discectomy as an effective treatment of a herniated intervertebral disc.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Prospective observational multicentre two-arm parallel study describing clinical outcome after endoscopic discectomy provided via transforaminal and interlaminar approach.
BACKGROUND:
Endoscopic lumbar discectomy (ELD) is a percutaneous minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of herniated lumbar discs. Herniations at lumbar intervertebral disc levels of L1/2, L2/3, L3/4 and L4/5 are mostly accessed by the transforaminal (TF) approach. However, due to the anatomic position of the iliac crest, the L5/S1 level might not be reachable by the transforaminal approach, while the interlaminar (IL) percutaneous approach should be a suitable alternative.
METHODS:
In a prospective observational multicentre clinical trial NCT0274311, we compared the clinical outcomes of two groups of patients who underwent ELD via IL (83) and TF (103) approach. The subjects were followed for 12 months via planned examinations by pain physicians. The levels of leg pain and back pain intensity were assessed by an 11-point numerical ratings scale (NRS). Patient's functional disability was assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
RESULTS:
Study subjects showed a significant decrease in ODI scores in both groups (p<0.001) The values of mean preoperative ODI in TF and IL groups were 39.1±15.7 and 43.4±16, respectively. Postoperative values in the latter groups were 14.8±14.9 and 17.5±14.3, respectively. Significantly lower pain scores for leg pain (p<0.001) and back pain (p<0.001) were also recorded at 12-month follow-ups.
CONCLUSION:
Because both procedures are strictly percutaneous; they are now more commonly performed by interventional pain physicians as a safe and effective alternative to open surgical spine procedures (Tab. 3, Fig. 7, Ref. 19).
KEYWORDS:
disc herniation; endoscopic discectomy; interlaminar; pain; quality of life radicular syndrome.; transforaminal
9.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):192-198. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_029.
Hemobiomarkers of health hazard potential of metal oxide nanoparticles.
Im G.
Abstract
AIM:
The study was designed to evaluate the possible adverse effects and consequences of metal oxide nanoparticles used on some major body organ functions and health parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Thirty albino rats, allocated randomly into three groups for experimental period of 20 days post-administration were used. Different effects of metal oxide nanoparticles were targeted including, thyroid, parathyroid, kidney, calcium, phosphate, hematological parameters and indices, as well as oxidative stress markers of the red blood cells and their membranes as alpha tocopherol and GSH, by using different analytical methods.
RESULTS:
Data revealed thyroid and parathyroid hormonal disturbances; kidney dysfunction in the form of accumulation of some waste products as BUN, creatinine, and uric acid. A decrease in the calcium and phosphate and an increase in the potassium and phosphate concentrations was recorded. A marked decrease in the indices of anemia and diminished oxidative stress indicators were also evident, associated with marked increase in the total leukocyte count.
CONCLUSION:
The present study confirmed the health risks of the use of metal oxide nanoparticles in the medical field without precautions and supervision; and may encourage application of nanoparticles from alternative origins, such as plants, algae, or microorganisms instead (Tab. 5, Fig. 4, Ref. 30) Keywords: nanoparticles, thyroid, parathyroid, kidney, oxidative stress, blood, green, alternative.
10.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):188-191. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_028.
Improving effects of mesenchymal stem cells on symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Abstract
AIM:
We aimed to identify the improving effects of umbilical cord tissue-derived (UCTD) MSCs on the symptoms of COPD in our phase 1.2 clinical study.
MATERIAL METHODS:
Our study consisted of five patients with COPD. Respiratory function tests, SGRQ symptom, activity and impact scores and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were examined before UCTD MSC treatment. All the patients were administered a total of 4 doses of UCTD MSCs by intravenous infusion at two-week intervals. All the tests were repeated three months after the treatment for evaluation of the response to MSCs treatment.
RESULTS:
The mean age of five male patients was 56. The mean pretreatment FEV1/FVC ratios were 66.9 %. Pretreatment mean SGRQ symptom, activity and impact scores of the patients were 78.2, 83.8 and 58.02 respectively. The mean walking distance of the patients was 307 meters before MSCs treatment. The mean FEV1/FVC value of raised to 69.58 % after the treatment. The mean SGRQ symptom, activity and impact scores were noted as 39.8, 60.98 and 45.18 respectively. The mean walking distance of the patients raised to 362 meters after the treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results showed that four doses of MSC treatment considerably alleviated the severity of symptoms of COPD (Tab. 2, Fig. 7, Ref. 25).
KEYWORDS:
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease umbilical cord tissue.; disease progression; mesenchymal stromal cells
11.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):182-187. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_027.
Ribotypes in isolates and testing algorithm of C. difficile infections in the studied sample.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile is the most common pathogen of nosocomial and antibiotic-related diarrhea in health-care facilities. The aim of the analysis was to show the testing algorithm and to identify hypervirulent strains (suspected RT 027).
METHODS:
The retrospective analysis of patient samples suspected on CDI was carried out by a two-step algorithm. Biological specimens were analysed by GDH or culture, immunoenzymatic assay on toxins A/B and selected samples also by a real-time PCR.
RESULTS:
In 1006 specimen suspected on CDI, 202 specimens were evaluated as positive in the two-step algorithm. Conflicting results (64 C. difficile isolates) were tested in a three-step algorithm by a real-time PCR and revealed 59 toxigenic and non RT 027 ribotypes. Statistically significant dependence among the independent variables, such as: diagnostic parameters and length of hospitalization (p = 0.175) and C. difficile (suspected RT027) ribotypes was not found.
CONCLUSION:
The results of PCR ribotyping showed a high prevalence of hypervirulent and toxigenic ribotypes in the studied sample. A resistance to vancomycin was found in one isolate. The PCR method contributed to the rapid laboratory diagnosis and thus treatment of high risk patients or was used as a third step in in the case of unclear results of standard diagnostic methods(Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Ref. 18). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
KEYWORDS:
diagnostics; real-time PCR ribotyping.; toxigenic C. difficile
12.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(3):175-181. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_026.
Bacillus anthracis as a biological warfare agent: infection, diagnosis and countermeasures.
M P.
Abstract
AIM:
Bacillus anthracis is a causative agent of zoonotic anthrax disease. In the last years, significant progress in therapy and diagnosis of anthrax was made. Concurrently, knowledge about anthrax progression, molecular pathology and release of anthrax toxin during the disease has improved. This review covers the recent progress in this field.
METHODS:
In this review, specifications of B. anthracis, anthrax disease, medical and biomedical countermeasures and diagnostic tools were surveyed. The actual literature was summarized and relevance of the microorganism as a biological warfare agent and the ways how to reduce its impact including therapeutic protocols were written and discussed.
RESULTS:
Currently, the microorganism is considered one of the top biological warfare agents due to lethality, long term stability of spores, easy dissemination and production. The recent research is focused on countermeasures suitable for reduction of consequences by a misuse of the microorganism in form of biological weapon (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 101). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
KEYWORDS:
anthrax; bacillus anthracis; biological warfare agent; biological weapon; detection; diagnosis; infection therapy.
13.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):164-169. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_024.
The effect of maternal sleep deprivation on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of neonates brain cerebrospinal fluid of Wistar rats.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains proliferation, differentiation and maturation signals that are essential factors for brain development. Due to presence of such factors this fluid has proliferative and differentiation potential. A previous study showed that maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) decrease the number of newborn neurons in development of hippocampus. Also, it impairs hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory in the young offspring rat. MSD can change CSF factors. In the present study, the effect of MSD-CSF on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to neural cells was examined, and expression of Nestin, Neun, and NeurD1 that are neurogenic markers was investigated.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were aspirated from the femur and tibia of young male Wistar rats. Then cell suspension was cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10 % FBS and 1 % antibiotics. Pregnant rats were subjected to sleep deprivation for 6 h by gentle handling during 4th, 7th, and 18th day of pregnancy. CSF was collected from cisterna magna of neonate rats. CSF was added to culture media with a 5 % ratio (v/v). Then cell viability was determined with MTT assay. Total cellular RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized and NeuN, Nestin, NeuroD1 and IL-6 genes were analyzed by Real-time PCR.
RESULTS:
Real time-PCR analysis showed that expression of Neun and NeurD1gene decreased compared with culture in normal CSF (N-CSF), and also showed that expression of Nestin did not decrease, inflammatory gene (IL-6) showed high expression compared to culture with N-CSF.
CONCLUSION:
Based on our results, MSD-CSF could inhibit neurogenesis process in mesenchymal stem cells and also, this result suggests that MSD can suppress neural differentiation and decrease of neurogenesis gene expression. Overall these findings suggest that insomnia and sleep loss may active inflammatory responses in the brain and change CSF-markers (Fig. 3, Ref. 34).
KEYWORDS:
CSF; maternal sleep deprivation; sleep deprivation; stem cells neural gene expression.
14.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):159-163. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_023.
MicroRNAs expression profiles as biomarkers and therapeutic tools in Turkish patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
Abstract
AIM:
In 95 % of Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, chromosomal translocation resulting in the formation of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome (t:9;22) is observed, which in turn leads to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small and non-coding RNAs modulating gene expression via binding to the target mRNAs. We aimed to characterize the expression profiles of various miRNAs in different stages of Ph(+) CML patients.
METHODS:
This case-controlled study was conducted in 75 CML patients and 25 healthy controls. The subjects were categorized into 4 groups; newly diagnosed patients, treatment-response patients, treatment-failure patients, and healthy controls. Expressions of miRNAs was analyzed by RT-PCR.
RESULTS:
miR-150 expression was downregulated in the treatment failure patients compared to the control group (p = 0.003212) while miRNA 148b expression up-regulated in the treatment failure patients than the control group (p = 0.038016). miR-10a expression was up-regulated in newly diagnosed and treatment response patients compared to control group (p = 0.003934, p = 0.000292, respectively). It was found that miR-10a expression increased 11.17- fold in newly diagnosed patients and 9.82-fold in treatment response patients than in the control group.
CONCLUSION:
Our data suggest that expression profiles of miR-10a, miR-150, and miRNA 148b were correlated as biomarker and therapeutic tool in Turkish patients with CML (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 30).
KEYWORDS:
chronic myeloid leukemia; microRNAs; new diagnosis; treatment response treatment failure.
15.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):154-158. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_022.
Coenzyme Q10 improves the survival and reduces inflammatory markers in septic patients.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administration to patients in the early phase of sepsis to determine its effect on the markers of inflammation and the clinical outcomes of septic patients.
BACKGROUND:
Previous studies showed that CoQ10 levels were decreased in septic patients and worsening of mitochondrial dysfunction was observed.
METHODS:
In this randomized controlled trial septic patients (n=40) received 100 mg CoQ10 twice a day for seven days added to standard treatment of sepsis. As a primary endpoint levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed at baseline, third and 7th day after the intervention. Secondary endpoints included assessment of clinical scores and in-hospital mortality.
RESULTS:
There was no difference in baseline inflammatory and oxidative injury markers between the groups. TNF-α and MDA levels decreased significantly in the CoQ10 group on the 7th day of the study (P:0.003 for both). There was a significant difference in the in-hospital mortality in the CoQ10 group compared to the control group (P:0.01).
CONCLUSION:
These findings suggest that CoQ10 has a positive effect on clinical parameters as well as mitochondrial dysfunction when administered in the early phase of sepsis (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 38).
KEYWORDS:
coenzyme Q10; mitochondria antioxidants.; sepsis
16.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):151-153. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_021.
Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio: a prognostic factor for mitral valve prolapse?
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common disorder, afflicting 2 % to 3 % of the general population. Despite the general belief of a benign disorder, there is an increasing awareness of an association between mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death from arrhythmia and also atherosclerosis. Monocyte to high density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) is a new tool for predicting inflammation, which plays a major role in atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the relationship between MHR and the presence of MVP.
METHODS:
The study population consisted of 82 patients with MVP and the control group of 78 normal individuals. Transthoracic echocardiograpy was performed for all of the study population and peripheral venous blood samples were drawn for measuring MHR and other haemotological parameters.
RESULTS:
The patients with MVP were more likely to have higher MHR values (15.82±6.01 in MVP patients and 13.30 ± 6.43 in controls; p=0.011). Monocyte counts and MHR of the MVP group were significantly higher than the control group and MHR values were directly proportional with the regurgitation area.
CONCLUSION:
The MHR is strongly associated with MVP and regurgitation area and might be a prognostic factor for patients with MVP (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 15).
KEYWORDS:
high density lipoprotein cholesterol; mitral valve prolapse monocyte.
17.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):143-150. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_020.
Exogenous follistatin administration ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
This study was aimed to explore the effects of follistatin on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction, histopathological changes, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative damage in rats.
BACKGROUND:
Follistatin plays an important role in the developmental and regeneration processes of kidney by blocking the actions of activin, which is a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily.
METHODS:
Twenty seven rats were separated into 4 equal groups: Control, Cp (cisplatin, 6 mg/kg, intrapertoneally (ip)), F1 (cisplatin + 1 µg/day follistatin ip for 4 consecutive days) and F4 (cisplatin + 4 µg/day follistatin ip single dose) groups. Renal health was monitored by blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and histological analysis. Apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress was investigated in kidney tissue. Activin A levels in serum and kidney were evaluated as well.
RESULTS:
Follistatin administration showed a considerable nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by preventing renal functional and structural abnormalities, apoptosis and inflammation. The activin A levels in both serum and kidney were also suppressed by follistatin administration.
CONCLUSION:
Exogenous follistatin ameliorates acute kidney injury, by blocking activin A. The renoprotective effect of follistatin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity appears to be associated with its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and direct nephroprotective actions (Tab. 1, Fig. 7, Ref. 23).
KEYWORDS:
activin; acute kidney injury; cisplatin; follistatin nephroprotection.
18.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):137-142. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_019.
Impedance therapy in rehabilitation of degenerative disc disease.
Abstract
AIM:
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Impedance Therapy (IT) in the treatment of degenerative disc disease (DDD) by confirming the presence of the "disc grow-up" (DGU) phenomenon.
METHOD:
The set consisted of 55 patients with DDD with the average age of 51.3 years divided into two groups - the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group consisted of 29 patients with the average age of 56.7 years. The control group consisted of 26 patients with the average age of 45.8 years.
RESULTS:
In the experimental group of patients with DDD, who received IT, the DGU phenomenon with a success rate of 76 % was observed, with the average increase in the volume of the intervertebral disc of 31 % (p < 0.000). In the control group of patients receiving the standard electrotherapy, the DGU phenomenon was not proven - the DDD progressed normally with the mean volume reduction of 15 % (p < 0.000).
CONCLUSIONS:
Degenerative disc disease, as a disease of modern civilization, is treatable. It can be concluded that the theory that degenerative disc changes are irreversible was disproven by the impact of impedance therapy (Tab. 5, Ref. 14).
KEYWORDS:
"Disc grow-up" degenerative disc disease.; DGU phenomenon; impedance therapy; specific electrical impulse
19.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):133-136. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_018.
Monocyte/HDL ratio predicts hypertensive complications.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
We aimed to investigate whether a simple and easily calculated parameter such as monocyte/ HDL ratio (MHR) may be used in predicting non-dipper (NDHT)-dipper HT (DHT) end organ damage.
METHODS:
70 NDHT and 73 DHT patient groups were included in the study according to ambulatory blood pressure screening results. Basic laboratory parameters and spot urine samples were evaluated. Transthoracic echocardiography and ophthalmological examination were performed for end-organ damages.
RESULTS:
The MHR among the groups was higher in the NDHT group; which was statistically significant (p≤0.001). In the NDHT group, albumin, creatinine, protein values, protein/creatinine ratio in the spot urine were significantly higher than in the DHT group (p≤0.05). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and retinopathy were also more frequently observed in the NDHT group (p≤0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). MHR in patients with LVH and retinopathy was significantly higher than in those without these complications (p=0.001).
CONCLUSION:
Easy to use, non-invasive and simple calculation, MHR can be used to predict end organ damage in hypertensive cases, and can be also used to distinguish between DHT/NDHT groups. This data supports the role of inflammation (Tab. 7, Ref. 14).
KEYWORDS:
dipper; monocyte/HDL ratio; non-dipper hypertensive complications.
20.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):129-132. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_017.
Increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in young children in Slovakia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES:
We aimed to study the prevalence of the early onset Type 1 diabetes in Slovakia during the years 1996-2017.
BACKGROUND:
Prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in young children is increasing worldwide. However, recent data from Slovakia are missing.
METHODS:
All children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes included in the study were diagnosed in the Children Diabetes Centre in Bratislava during the years 1996-2017. The incidence of T1D in children aged below 3 and below 5 years was calculated and compared to the T1D incidence in older children. Incidence trends were calculated with the Poissed regression.
RESULTS:
Gender-adjusted incidence of T1D annually increased by 5.4 % (CI: 3.9-6.8; p < 0.001) in children <3 years, and by 3.4 % (95 % CI 2.2-4.6; p<0.001) in children <5 years during the last two decades. Moreover, the proportion of young children <3 years of age among all newly diagnosed children and adolescents increased over time (4.2±2.8 % in years 1996-1998; 12.2±5.8 % in years 2004-2008, and 13.7±7.4 % during the years 2013-2017).
CONCLUSION:
We found a significant increase in the incidence and proportion of T1D in young children during the last two decades. Similar data were also found in other European countries. This could be explained by changing environmental conditions (Fig. 1, Ref. 32).
KEYWORDS:
infants and toddlers epidemiology.; type 1 diabetes mellitus
21.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):122-128. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_016.
Apoptotic effects of thymol, a novel monoterpene phenol, on different types of cancer.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Cancer is a major public health problem in many areas of the world. Many anticancer drugs in current clinical use have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Thymol (5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol) is an oxygenated aromatic compound from monoterpene group. It is the main constituent of thyme essential oil and shows antioxidant, antiseptic and antiproliferative properties. The aim of this study is to determine the antiproliferative activity and apoptotic effect of thymol on prostate cancer (PC-3, DU145), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), and lung cancer (KLN205) cell lines.
METHODS:
The cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of thymol (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 µM) at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The cell viability was investigated by MTT assay and analysis of apoptosis was determined with annexin V assay.
RESULTS:
The study showed the dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effect of thymol in PC-3, DU145, MDA-MB-231, and KLN205 cancer cell lines. Thymol significantly induced apoptosis in all groups in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between thymol‑treated cell lines compared to the control (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION:
The data in the present study demonstrated that thymol has apoptotic and antiproliferative properties in lung, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Thymol could serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the future (Fig. 5, Ref. 26).
KEYWORDS:
apoptosis; cancer antiproliferative.; thymol
22.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):117-121. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_015.
Effects of fullerenol nanoparticles on kidney tissue in sevoflurane‑treated rats.
Abstract
AIM:
The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether fullerenol C60 protects renal injury in sevoflurane‑administered rats.
METHOD:
Rats (n: 24) were randomly divided into four groups: Control (Group C), Fullerenol C60 (Group F), Sevoflurane (Group S), Fullerenol C60-Sevoflurane (Group FS). Thirty minutes before the procedure, Fullerenol C60, 100 mg/kg, was administered intraperitoneally. Sevoflurane (2.3 %) was applied for 3 hours to rats in S and FS groups. Biochemical and histopathological parameters were analyzed in renal tissue samples. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used in statistical analyzes.
RESULTS:
Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity in Group S were significantly higher than that in all other groups. Paraoxanase (PON) enzyme activity in Group S was significantly lower than in Groups C and FS. The histopathological examination showed that vascular vacuolization and hypertrophy (VVH) and lymphocyte infiltration (LI) were significantly higher in the Group S compared to the Group C.
CONCLUSION:
Renal histopathology revealed that the administration of Fullerenol C60 prior to sevoflurane inhalation reduced oxidative stress and partially corrected the damage caused by anesthesia. We concluded that Fullerenol C60 has a renal protective effect in rats when administered before sevoflurane anesthesia (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 40).
KEYWORDS:
MDA PON-1.; fullerenol C60; renal injury; sevoflurane
23.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):111-116. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_014.
Inhibition of voltage‑gated potassium channels affect expressions of miR-126 and miR-126* in breast cancer cell lines.
Abstract
AIM:
We aimed to determine the possible correlation between voltage‑gated potassium channels and micro RNAs in breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer cells.
METHOD:
Kv1.3 and Kv10.1 channels were inhibited by specific siRNAs using a lipofectamine-based transfection in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. After transfection, total RNA was isolated, and then miR-126 and miR-126* expressions were observed using RT-PCR.
RESULTS:
There was a negative correlation between Kv channels and miRNAs according to the characteristics of the breast cancer cells. The inhibition was observed not only in Kv1.3 but also in Kv10.1 in MCF-7 cells, and miR-126 and miR-126* expressions were downregulated compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The inhibition of these channels in MDA-MB-231 cells caused an upregulation of miR-126 and miR-126* expressions (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION:
The miR-126 and miR-126* expressions differed according to benign and malign breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that miR-126/126* may interact with Kv1.3 and Kv10.1 voltage-gated potassium channels. Our study suggests and indicates the relationship between Kv channels and miRNAs in breast cancer cells (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 51).
KEYWORDS:
Kv1.3; Kv10.1; breast cancer; miR-126 miR-126.
24.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2020;121(2):107-110. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2020_025.
The effect of exercise on reelin level in the hippocampus of diabetic rats.
Abstract
AIM:
Diabetes is one of the most common diseases which can attenuate brain function by destroying hippocampus neurons, while reelin is a largely secreted extracellular matrix glycoprotein in the hippocampus causing synaptic plasticity, promoting postsynaptic structures and maturing neurons. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of exercise, as an external factor for neurogenesis in the brain, on reelin levels and memory improvement in diabetic rats.
METHOD:
Thirty rats were randomly allocated into three groups; healthy sedentary, diabetic sedentary and diabetic exercise-trained. The experimental group was treadmill-exercised at speed 22 m/min for 1 hour, 5 days per week. Finally, spatial memory of rats was tested and reelin levels were measured.
RESULTS:
The results showed that short-term exercise improved spatial memory in diabetic rats but had no effect on reelin levels in the hippocampus of diabetic rats.
CONCLUSION:
Diabetes reduced the spatial memory without altering the reelin levels while exercise improved spatial memory without altering the reelin levels (Fig. 4, Ref. 33).
KEYWORDS:
diabetes; exercise; memory hippocampus.; reelin
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