An important model system for the study of genomic mechanisms underlying parallel ecological adaptation in the wild is the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which has repeatedly colonized and adapted to freshwater from the sea throughout the northern hemisphere. Previous studies have identified numerous genomic regions showing consistent genetic differentiation between freshwater and marine ecotypes, but these are typically based on limited geographic sampling and are biased towards...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 03:00
D-amino acids are unique and essential signaling molecules in neural, hormonal, and immune systems. However, the presence of D-amino acids and their recruitment in early animals is mostly unknown due to limited information about prebilaterian metazoans. Here, we performed the comparative survey of L-/D-aspartate and L-/D-glutamate in representatives of four phyla of basal Metazoa: cnidarians (Aglantha); placozoans (Trichoplax), sponges (Sycon) and ctenophores (Pleurobrachia, Mnemiopsis, Bolinopsis,...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 03:00
Common probabilistic models of substitutions of bases (Jukes-Cantor, Kimura 2-parameter, Tamura-Nei, F84, HKY, and the 6-parameter models used in linear invariants methods) must be rejected, at least for mitochondrial genomes of animals. They are rejected by a new test that is simple and lenient.
Tue Apr 28, 2020 03:00
The divergence of reproductive traits frequently underpins the evolution of reproductive isolation. One of the most enduring puzzles on this subject concerns the variability in egg coloration among species of tinamou (Tinamidae), a group of birds endemic to neotropics (Cabot 1992). Specifically, some tinamous lay glossy and colorful eggs while others lay less colorful eggs. Here I tested the hypothesis that tinamou egg coloration is a mating signal and its diversification was driven by reinforcement....
Tue Apr 28, 2020 03:00
This study explores the divergence pattern of SARS-CoV-2 using whole genome sequences of the isolates from various COVID-19 affected countries. The phylogenomic analysis indicates the presence of at least four distinct groups of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. The emergent groups have been found to be associated with signature structural changes in specific proteins. Also, this study reveals the differential levels of divergence patterns for the protein coding regions. Moreover, we have predicted the impact...
Mon Apr 27, 2020 03:00
The magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the urgency for a safe and effective vaccine. Here we analyzed SARS-CoV-2 sequence diversity across 5,700 sequences sampled since December 2019. The Spike protein, which is the target immunogen of most vaccine candidates, showed 93 sites with shared polymorphisms; only one of these mutations was found in more than 1% of currently circulating sequences. The minimal diversity found among SARS-CoV-2 sequences can be explained by drift and bottleneck...
Mon Apr 27, 2020 03:00
Fruit flies, like many animals, engage in a variety of courtship and fighting behaviors. Now, scientists have uncovered the molecular mechanisms by which two sex-determining genes affect fruit fly behavior. The male flies' courtship and aggression behaviors, they showed, are mediated by two distinct genetic programs. The findings demonstrate the complexity of the link between sex and behavior.
Tue Apr 28, 2020 23:57
Researchers have decoded for the first time the genome of Scaly-foot Snail, a rare snail inhabited in what scientists called 'the origin of life'- deep-sea hydrothermal vents characterized with near-impossible living conditions. Unraveling the genome of this unique creature will not only shed light on how life evolved billions of years ago, but will also lay the foundation for the discovery of potential remedies offered by these ancient creatures.
Tue Apr 28, 2020 18:25
Currently we are facing with the COVID-19 pandemic one of the greatest global threats to our health, to our healthcare systems and to our societies at large. This is not because other health threats stopped to be pressing. As an example the number of preventable cancers, not least tobacco-induced cancer continues to be very substantial (according to the WHO 27% of all cancers in the WHO European Region are attributed to tobacco use). As difficult as it may be to tackle the problems of cancer prevention...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 03:00
A 58-year-old Japanese woman complained of a painful right maxillary premolar gingiva and ulcer. The patient had RA and had been treated with several immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate. Head and neck CT indicated no obvious bone destruction with maxillary. However, chest CT indicated the presence of nodular mass of the bilateral lungs. FDG-PET/CT indicated the presence of increased uptake in both lesions. On immunohistochemistry, atypical large-sized lymphocytes were positive for CD20 and...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 13:05
Abstract Purpose Patients in acute care hospitals are often transferred to long-term care (LTC) when there is an expectation for a lengthy recovery. Prolonged non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) creates a state of hypothyroidism. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of NTIS in patients at LTC facilities. Methods A cross-sectional study at University...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 03:00
There’s a saying that “everything is bigger than Texas,” and healthcare is no exception. Located just south of downtown Houston in between the historic Hermann Park and Rice University, Texas Medical Center (TMC) consists of 54 medical institutions spread throughout its expansive campus, making it the largest medical complex and the 8th largest business district in the world. It is, quite practically, a medical city. Medgadget had the opportunity to spend a few days last month visiting TMC...
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Spinal cord injuries can leave people paralyzed and without a sense of touch in much of the body. While there’s been a tremendous amount of work in the past decade to overcome paralysis by using brain-computer interfaces to bypass damaged spinal cords, providing a sense of touch is a necessity for truly proper treatment. As anyone with peripheral neuropathy knows, not being able to feel one’s hands and feet makes it difficult to grab and manipulate physical objects. Now, researchers from Battelle...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 21:52
Molekule, a company based in San Francisco, is releasing its brand new Air Pro Rx air purifier. The system has been cleared by the FDA as a 510(k) Class II medical device. Designed to purify clinical environments, such as operating rooms, ICUs, and emergency departments larger than 600 square feet (55 square meters), it oxidizes pathogens to their death. This includes viruses and bacteria, probably including SARS-CoV-2, the culprit behind COVID-19. The company has shown that...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 16:50
Publication date: Available online 27 April 2020Source: Journal of ProteomicsAuthor(s): Marie Barth, Julian Bender, Til Kundlacz, Carla Schmidt
Tue Apr 28, 2020 23:15
Publication date: August 2020Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 63Author(s): Yuanyuan Liu, Shane Hegarty, Carla Winter, Fan Wang, Zhigang He
Tue Apr 28, 2020 22:53
Systemic inflammation has been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD). Brain-gut peptides exhibit regulatory effects in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. To investigate the association between brain-gut peptides and inflammation in the occurrence of MMD, 41 patients with MMD, as well as 74 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were enrolled. The levels of four brain-gut peptides (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin (CCK), somatostatin...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 17:50
Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways with a complex etiology, which involves a variety of cells and cellular components. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of antagonistic peptides that specifically bind to the first and second extracellular loops of CCR5 (GH and HY peptides, respectively) and anti-interleukin-23 subunit p19 (anti-IL-23p19) in the airway and thereby mediate inflammation and the IL-23/T helper 17 (Th17) cell...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 17:50
Background. Interleukin 6 (IL6) is a multifunctional cytokine produced by various cells, including vascular endothelial cells. IL6 has both pro- and non-/anti-inflammatory functions, and the response to IL6 is dependent on whether it acts via the membrane-bound IL6 receptor α (IL6Rα) (classic signaling) or the soluble form of the receptor (transsignaling). As human endothelial cells produce IL6 and at the same time express IL6Rα, we hypothesized that IL6 may have autocrine functions. Methods. Knockdown...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Interleukin-33 has been demonstrated to be associated with liver damage. However, its potential value in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of IL-33 in hydrodynamic HBV mouse model. Different doses of IL-33 were used to treat HBV wild-type, ST2 knockout, CD8+ T depletion, NK depletion C57BL/6 mice and C.B-17 SCID and nod SCID mouse, respectively. The concentrations of HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, and molecules related to liver function were...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Objective. This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect and mechanism of pioglitazone metformin complex preparation (PM) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) comorbid psychological distress. Methods. Seventy-five patients with PCOS comorbid psychological distress were randomly allocated into the PM, metformin, and placebo groups. The primary efficacy measure was the change from baseline to week 12 on the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R) scores. NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α,...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Objective. This research is aimed at determining the vascular health characteristics of carotenoids by evaluating their effect on excessive inflammatory response in endothelial and monocyte cells, the main factors of atherosclerosis. Methods. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or U937 monocytes were treated with escalating concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1 μM) of five most common carotenoids in human plasma, i.e., α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and lycopene prior to stimulation...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Effects of Compressive and Tensile Strain on Macrophages during Simulated Orthodontic Tooth Movement
During orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) to therapeutically correct the position of misaligned teeth, thus improving oral health and quality of life, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells within the periodontal ligament (PDL), which connects a tooth to its surrounding bone, are exposed to compressive and tensile strain. While it is known that PDL fibroblasts are critically involved in the biological regulation of OTM by a mechanotransductively triggered release of cytokines, it is unclear...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Background. Systemic inflammatory response and vascular endothelial cell injury during sepsis lead to coagulopathy. Fibrinogen has been reported as a biomarker of coagulopathy; however, the prognostic value of fibrinogen remains undefined in pediatric patients with sepsis. The aim of this study was to assess fibrinogen level on pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission and to elucidate the relationship between fibrinogen levels and in-hospital mortality in children with sepsis. Methods. We conducted...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Recent studies have indicated that the Zika virus (ZIKV) has a significant impact on the fetal brain, and autophagy is contributing to host immune response and defense against virus infection. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV infection triggered increased LC3 punctuation in mouse monocyte-macrophage cell line (RAW264.7), mouse microglial cell line (BV2), and hindbrain tissues, proving the occurrence of autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, manual intervention of autophagy, like deficiency...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Background. Previous studies have demonstrated that plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was the predictor for unstable coronary plaque. Patients with noncalcified plaque (NCP) or mixed plaque (MP) have a higher risk of poor outcomes. However, the association between hsCRP and the presence of NCP or MP (NCP/MP) in old adults remains unclear, and if present, whether there exist differences between young and old adults remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Some certain genetic polymorphisms have been considered to implicate in the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune diseases and may predispose to an early stage of general autoimmune susceptibility. Recent studies have been conducted to investigate the association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor- (MIF-) 173G/C gene polymorphism and autoimmune diseases; however, the results were not exactly identical. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
Human gingival fibroblast barrier dysfunction caused by inflammation contributes to gingivitis and can lead to inflammatory periodontal disease. The disease features include upregulated epithelial permeability, increased inflammatory mediators, and downregulated junctional complex molecules. Carbon monoxide- (CO-) releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) is a water-soluble compound that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:20
The 2014 film, Monuments Men, took to the public an ongoing academic and political dialogue about the protection and restitution of cultural property in Europe. Last fall, I spent part of my sabbatical at the Rathgen Research Laboratory in Berlin, run by Stefan Simon, whom I can only describe as the George Clooney character in Monuments Men, given his heartfelt commitment and efforts to protect cultural properties. Since he is also former director of Yale’s Institute for the Preservation of Cultural...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 22:30
En octubre 2019, Paola Velasco Santos (Instituto de Investigaciones Antropólogicas) y David Varela Trejo (Posgrado de Antropología) ambos de la Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM) organizaron el coloquio titulado “Descentrando el Anthropos: Diálogos y Perspectivas sobre los Enredos Multiespecies desde la Ciencia, la Cultura, y el Activismo”. El coloquio, que se llevó a cabo en la Unidad de Posgrado UNAM, tuvo una duración de tres días y contó con 12 ponencias, a las cuales asistieron académic@s...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 20:40
Publication date: Available online 27 April 2020Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Giacomo E. Barbone, Alberto Bravin, Alberto Mittone, Markus J. Kraiger, Martin Hrabě de Angelis, Mario Bossi, Elisa Ballarini, Virginia Rodriguez-Menendez, Cecilia Ceresa, Guido Cavaletti, Paola Coan
Tue Apr 28, 2020 22:33
Publication date: Available online 27 April 2020Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Shiva Asadzadeh, Tohid Yousefi Rezaii, Soosan Beheshti, Azra Delpak, Saeed Meshgini
Tue Apr 28, 2020 22:33
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2020Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Niels Trusbak Haumann, Brian Hansen, Minna Huotilainen, Peter Vuust, Elvira Brattico
Tue Apr 28, 2020 22:33
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Based on molecular studies and DNA sequencing, E. granulosus has been classified into 10 different genotypes (G1 to G10). Two neighboring countries, Turkey and Iran, are considered the two main foci of CE in the Middle East. The current study is aimed at examining the genotype diversity of E. granulosus isolated from human clinical samples in Turkey and Iran....
Tue Apr 28, 2020 16:20
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disease. High glucose-induced macrovascular disease and microangiopathy are major complications of diabetes. E2F3, a member of the E2F transcription factor family, is closely related to cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol, a nonflavonoid polyphenolic compound widely found in plants, has been shown to have cardiovascular protection. However, there are few studies on whether resveratrol can effectively treat diabetic angiopathy, and the...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 16:05
Hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation typically causes neurological damage and can occur during stroke, neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and other diseases. Propofol is widely used as an intravenous anesthetic. Studies have shown that propofol has antineuroinflammatory effect. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of propofol against hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation and elucidated its potential cellular and biochemical...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:50
A mosquito species has its own favourable requirements of abiotic and biotic characteristics including microbiota, in a breeding habitat. Some of the microbiota may cause parasitic or pathogenic effects to mosquito larvae such as species of viruses, parasitic bacteria, fungi, protists, entomopathogenic nematodes, and filamentous fungi. In Sri Lanka, there is a scarcity of information on microbiota associated with mosquito breeding habitats and their effect on mosquito larvae. Hence, the present study...
Tue Apr 28, 2020 15:35
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