Abstract Global change is shifting both temperature patterns and the geographic distribution of pathogens, and infection has already been shown to substantially reduce host thermal performance, potentially placing populations at greater risk that previously thought. But what about individuals that are able to successfully clear an infection? While the direct damage a pathogen causes will likely lead to reductions in host’s thermal tolerance, the response to infection often shares many underlying...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 14:43
Abstract Every organism on Earth must cope with a multitude of species interactions both directly and indirectly throughout its life cycle. However, how selection from multiple species occupying different trophic levels affects diffuse mutualisms has received little attention. As a result, how a given species amalgamates the combined effects of selection from multiple mutualists and antagonists to enhance its own fitness remains little understood. We investigated how multispecies interactions (frugivorous...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 17:10
Abstract Current divergent selection may promote floral trait differentiation among conspecific populations in flowering plants. However, whether this applies to complex traits such as colour or scents has been little studied, even though these traits often vary within species. In this study, we compared floral colour and odour as well as selective pressures imposed upon these traits among seven populations belonging to three subspecies of the widespread, generalist orchid Anacamptis coriophora...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 12:10
Abstract The evolutionary maintenance of sexual reproduction has long challenged biologists as the majority of species reproduce sexually despite inherent costs. Providing a general explanation for the evolutionary success of sex has thus proven difficult and resulted in numerous hypotheses. A leading hypothesis suggests that antagonistic species interaction can generate conditions selecting for increased sex due to the production of rare or novel genotypes that are beneficial for rapid adaptation...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 11:50
Abstract The disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) has different presentations and outcomes. Severe COVID‐19 is commonly complicated by markedly elevated D‐dimer, thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities that are considered to be regulated by various pro‐inflammatory cytokines and similar to pneumonia induced by other pathogens(1), and are correlated with mortality. Recently, a small case series described aPL antibodies in patients with COVID‐19 (2). About 1% of APS patients develop a severe...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 17:52
Abstract Introduction Higher comorbidity and older age have been reported as correlates of poor outcomes in COVID‐19 patients worldwide, however US data is scarce. We evaluated mortality predictors of COVID‐19 in a large cohort of hospitalized patients in the US. Design Retrospective, multicenter cohort of inpatients diagnosed with COVID‐19 by RT‐PCR from March 1‐April 1,2020 was performed, and outcome data evaluated from March 1‐April 17, 2020. Measures included demographics, comorbidities,...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 12:53
Abstract Psoriasis is a common chronic autoimmune skin disease, with T cells playing a predominant role in its pathogenesis.Here, we aimed to investigate the relation of T cell repertoires (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in psoriatic patients to further understand mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.We conducted a cross‐sectional study involving 9 pairs of monozygotic twins with inconsistent psoriasis and examined the TCR diversity and MHC haplotype ofthe individuals using multiple‐PCR...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 17:52
Abstract In biomedical research, cell culture contamination is one of the main culprits of experimental failure. Contamination sources and concomitant remedies are numerous and challenging to manage. We herein describe two cases of uncommon contamination of cell cultures that we encountered, and the successful determination and eradication strategies. The first case describes the infection with human adenovirus C that originated from pharyngeal tonsils used for isolation of primary tonsillar epithelial...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:47
Abstract Measurement of nuclear‐to‐cytoplasm (N:C) ratios plays an important role in detection of atypical and tumor cells. Yet, current clinical methods rely heavily on immunofluroescent staining and manual reading. To achieve the goal of rapid and label‐free cell classification, realistic optical cell models (OCMs) have been developed for simulation of diffraction imaging by single cells. A total of 1892 OCMs were obtained with varied nuclear volume and orientation to calculate cross‐polarized...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:37
Abstract In recent years, the diagnosis of brain tumors has been investigated with attenuated total reflection ‐ Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy on dried human serum samples to eliminate spectral interferences of the water component, with promising results. This research evaluates ATR‐FTIR on both liquid and air‐dried samples to investigate “digital drying” as an alternative approach for the analysis of spectra obtained from liquid samples. Digital drying approaches, consisting...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:36
Abstract A bimorph transducer was proposed to improve the detection sensitivity and imaging depth of photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) dermoscope. By applying the bimorph transducer, the imaging depth and sensitivity of PAUS dermoscope were enhanced by simultaneously improving excitation efficiency and reception bandwidth. The integrated design of the imaging head of the dermoscope makes it highly convenient for detecting human skin. The PAUS imaging performance was demonstrated via visualizing...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:35
Despite an ever increasing demand for reliable and cheap methods in the detection and quantification of microbes, surprisingly few investigations have explored or utilized the luminescence of rare earths in the microbial context, neither in conventional, i.e. plating and microscopic imaging techniques, nor in advanced methods like fluorescence flow cytometry. We have thus investigated the potential of some rare earth complexes and hybrid materials for microbiological analysis. We found fairly simple...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 18:29
Abstract Ovarian cancer is currently one of the most common cancers of the female reproductive organs, and its mortality rate is the highest among all types of gynecologic cancers. Rapid and accurate classification of ovarian cancer plays an important role in the determination of treatment plans and prognoses. Nevertheless, the most commonly used classification method is based on histopathological specimen examination, which is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. Thus, in this study, we utilize...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 18:29
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:06
Abstract Measuring molecular oxygen levels in vivo has been the cornerstone of understanding the effects of hypoxia in normal tissues and malignant tumors. Here we discuss the advances in a variety of partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) measurements and imaging techniques and relevant oxygen thresholds. A focus on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging shows the validation of treating hypoxic tumors with a threshold of pO2 ≤ 10 torr, and demonstrates utility for in vivo oxygen imaging, as...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:33
Key points This study showed that anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can respectively increase and decrease the amplitude of visually evoked field potentials in the stimulated visual cortex of cats, with an effect lasting for approximately 60–70 min. This study directly measured tDCS‐induced changes in the concentration of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the visual cortex using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method and showed that anodal and...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:18
Abstract Electronic cigarettes divide opinions. Some consider them key to reducing smoking incidence while others are concerned over detrimental health consequences. It will take many years to identify the health consequences of e‐cigarette use. if we rely only upon human data, however, there is a growing body of work using rodent models that inform on these potential toxicities. These studies have focussed upon the pulmonary, cardiovascular and central nervous systems. Observations include perturbations...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 11:42
Abstract Gene fusions resulting in oncogenic activation of various receptor tyrosine kinases, including NTRK1‐3, ALK, and RET, have been increasingly recognized in soft tissue tumors (STTs), displaying a wide morphologic spectrum and therefore diagnostically challenging. A subset of STT with NTRK1 rearrangements were recently defined as lipofibromatosis‐like neural tumors (LPFNT), being characterized by mildly atypical spindle cells with a highly infiltrative growth in the subcutis and expression...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 17:58
Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Inactivating mutations or epigenetic deregulation of succinate dehydrogenase complex (SDH ) genes are considered defining features of a subset of GIST occurring in the stomach. Based on comprehensive molecular profiling and biochemical analysis within a precision oncology program, we identified hallmarks of SDH deficiency (germline SDHB ‐inactivating mutation accompanied by somatic...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 18:05
Capacitive energy storage possesses the advantages of high power density, long lifespan, and good security, but is severely restricted by its low energy density. Inspired by the charge storage mechanism of batteries, we develop a spatial charge density (SCD) maximization strategy to compensate this shortage by densely and neatly packing the ionic charges in capacitive materials. Accordingly, a record high SCD of ~550 C cm−3 was achieved by balancing the valance and size of charge‐carrier ions and...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 17:05
We report the electrochemistry of a hitherto unexplored Na2MoS4 phase as conversion electrode material for Na‐ and Li‐cation reversible storage. The material adopts an amorphous coordination polymer structure, with mixed Mo and S valences. Ex‐situ XPS and in‐situ XRD analysis reveal a complex interplay between Mo and S redox, while excluding the formation of free sulfur, lithium sulfide or other crystalline phases. Na2MoS4 behaves as a mixed ionic‐electronic conductor, with electronic conductivity...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:20
We report core@satellite Janus mesoporous silica–Pt@Au (JMPA) nanomotors that are capable of pH‐responsive multi‐phoretic propulsion. The JMPA nanomotors first undergo self‐diffusiophoretic propulsion in 3.0% H2O2 due to the isolated status between Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and PtNPs layer. Then the weak acidity of H2O2 can trigger the disassembly and reassembly of AuNPs, resulting in the Janus distribution of large AuNPs aggregates. Such reconstruction of JMPA leads to the contact between PtNPs and...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:19
Hydrochromic materials that can reversibly change color upon water treatment have attracted much attention due to their potential applications in diverse fields. Here, for the first time, we report that space‐confined CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals (NCs) are hydrochromic. When CsPbBr 3 NCs are loaded into a porous matrix, reversible transition between luminescent CsPbBr 3 and non‐luminescent CsPb 2 Br 5 can be achieved upon the exposure/removal of water. The potential applications of hydrochromic...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:10
Herein, we report the biosynthesis of protein heterocatenanes via a programmed sequence of multiple post‐translational processing events including intramolecular chain entanglement, in situ backbone cleavage, and spontaneous cyclization. The approach is general, autonomous, and can obviate the need of any additional enzymes. The catenane topology was convincingly proven via combined techniques of SDS‐PAGE, LC‐MS, SEC, controlled proteolytic digestion, and protein crystallography. The crystal structure...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:00
Asymmetric catalysis with benzyne remains elusive due to the highly fleeting and non‐polar nature of benzyne intermediates. We reported herein an electrochemical approach for the oxidative generation of benzynes and cyclohexyne and its successful merging with chiral primary aminocatalysis, formulating the first catalytic asymmetric enamine‐benzyne (cyclohexyne) coupling reaction. Cobalt acetate was identified to stabilize the in‐situ generated arynes and facilitate its coupling with enamine. This...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:58
Amine+carboxylic acid=ketone : Diverse amines and carboxylic acids can be coupled to rapidly form complex ketones. The keys to this discovery are: 1) the use of alkyl pyridinium salts, which are formed in one step from amines, as alkyl radical donors; 2) the use of in situ generated acyl fluorides or 2‐pyridyl esters as acyl donors; and 3) a nickel catalyst with a terpyridine ligand to unite the two intermediates. Abstract While ketones are among the most versatile functional groups, their...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 22:00
Cyclopianes are novel diterpenes featuring a highly strained 6/5/5/5 tetracyclic core embedded with 6‐8 consecutive stereocenters. The concise total syntheses of (–)‐conidiogenone B, (–)‐conidiogenone and (–)‐conidiogenol have been accomplished in 14‐17 steps. The present work features a HAT‐mediated cyclization of alkene‐nitrile to access the cis ‐biquinane, a Nicholas/Pauson‐Khand reaction to construct the linear triquinane, and a Danheiser annulation to afford the congested angular triquinane...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 20:03
Tetrahydrocarbazoles and perhydrocyclohepta[b]indoles undergo a catalytic cascade singlet oxygenation in alkaline medium, which leads to chiral tricyclic perhydropyrido‐ and perhydro‐azepino[1,2‐a]indoles in a single operation. These photooxygenation products are new synthetic equivalents of uncommon C,N‐diacyliminium ions and can be functionalized with the aid of phosphoric acid organocatalysis.
Fri Jun 05, 2020 17:39
P2‐type layered oxides suffer from ordered Na + /vacancy arrangement and P2 → O2/OP4 phase transitions, incurring them exhibit multiple voltage plateaus upon Na + extraction/insertion. The deficient sodium in P2‐type cathode easily induces the terrible structural stability at deep desodiation state and limited reversible capacity during Na + de/insertion. These drawbacks cause poor rate capability and fast capacity decay in most P2‐type layered oxides. To migrate these challenges, we develop...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 15:26
Distal γ‐C(sp3)−H olefination reactions of ketone derivatives and free carboxylic acids were realized. For ketone substrates, fine tuning of the directing group (DG) and using a mono‐N‐protected amino acid (MPAA) and 2‐pyridone ligand combination were critical to achieving high reactivities. MPAA ligands also enabled γ‐C(sp3)−H olefination of free carboxylic acid substrates. Abstract Reported herein is the distal γ‐C(sp3)−H olefination of ketone derivatives and free carboxylic acids. Fine...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 15:07
Zig‐zag forever : An Ir‐based alkene isomerization catalyst generates fully substituted aldehyde enolate derivatives with complete stereocontrol, starting from simple silylated allylic alcohols. The stereo‐ and regioselectivity of isomerization are dictated by the preference towards zig‐zig‐shaped allyliridium hydride intermediates, enabling selective access to either stereoisomer of a given enolate. Abstract An in situ generated cationic Ir‐catalyst isomerizes simple allylic silyl ethers into...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 15:06
An asymmetric copper‐catalyzed Sonogashira type coupling between alkynes and α‐bromo amide compounds has been developed. This method represents a facile approach to synthetically useful β,γ‐alkynyl amides from two readily available starting materials in a highly enantioselective manner. A Bisoxazoline diphenylanaline(BOPA) serve as the effective chiral ligand. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest the formation of alkyl radical species. Abstract An asymmetric copper‐catalyzed Sonogashira...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 15:05
You're the antenna : A conjugated polymeric supramolecular network with aggregation‐induced emission enhancement has been developed as an excellent light‐harvesting system with an unprecedented antenna effect (35.9 in solution and 90.4 in solid film). Moreover, the emission of this network could be tuned, reaching 96 % sRGB area. Abstract Superior artificial light‐harvesting systems (ALHSs) require exceptional capacity in harvesting light and transferring energy. In this work, we report a novel...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 14:22
A key issue of micro‐nano devices will be how to integrate micro/nanostructures with specified chemical component onto various curved surfaces. Here, we achieve hydrodynamic printing micro/nanostructures on three‐dimensional curved surfaces via the combination strategy from the template‐induced hydrodynamic printing and self‐assembly of nanoparticles. Non‐lithography flexible wall‐shaped templates are replicated with microscale features from the dicing trench‐shaped silicon wafer. Arising from the...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 13:59
Teaching an old dog new tricks : Adding a cyclometalated ligand to a chiral ruthenium pyridine‐2,6‐bis(oxazoline) (pybox) complex results in strongly modulated electronic properties and improved asymmetric induction. Applications to enantioselective nitrenoid chemistry, including ring contractions to chiral 2H ‐azirines and enantioselective C(sp3)−H aminations, demonstrate the merit of this strategy to expand the utility of pybox transition metal complexes. Abstract A strategy for expanding...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 12:36
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