The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept all over the world, posing a great pressure on critical care resources due to large number of patients needing critical care. Statements fro...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Abstract Objectives We examine how dental sexual dimorphism develops in mandrills, an extremely sexually dimorphic primate. We aimed to (a) establish the chronology of dental development (odontochronology) in male and female mandrills, (b) understand interindividual and intersex variation in odontochronologies, and (c) determine how dental sexual dimorphism is achieved. Materials and Methods We prepared histological ground sections from the permanent teeth of four female and four male mandrills...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 16:27
Abstract Objectives In order to understand contacts between cultural spheres in the third millennium BC, we investigated the impact of a new herder culture, the Battle Axe culture, arriving to Scandinavia on the people of the sub‐Neolithic hunter‐gatherer Pitted Ware culture. By investigating the genetic make‐up of Pitted Ware culture people from two types of burials (typical Pitted Ware culture burials and Battle Axe culture‐influenced burials), we could determine the impact of migration and...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 18:43
Abstract BACKGROUND There is currently ample consensus about the safety and feasibility of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD). However, few studies are available on the long‐term oncological outcomes of this procedure. We present a long term survival analysis (up to 10 years) of our series of RPD carried out for ductal and ampullary adenocarcinoma. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected approved database was carried out including 39 patients who underwent RPD for...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 16:02
Abstract The porous structure of the implant contributes significantly to prosthetic osseointegration in cranio‐maxillofacial defect repair surgeries.this study establishes a system called EasyImplant that can easily and efficiently design customized cranio‐maxillofacial implant with porous structure.Healthy side of the skull model is used to obtain the initial implant model on defective side by mirroring method. According to the curvature of undamaged surface, the initial model can be adjusted...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 16:17
Abstract Objective Interstitial brachytherapy (BT) is becoming an accepted treatment option for head and neck cancer patients for whom surgery poses high risks. Multimodal, image‐guided, robotic surgery has the potential to allow precise seed implantation into tumors. Our aim was to introduce a new multimodal, image‐guided surgical robot during the performance of interstitial BT for the treatment of tumors in the head and neck regions. Methods Clinical data for 3 patients were analyzed,...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 20:33
Abstract The devastating effects of the coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐Cov‐2) has led to urgent attempts to find effective therapeutic agents for inpatient and outpatient treatment of COVID‐19. Initial enthusiasm for the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has abated. However, as a result of positive clinical experience with azithromycin used alone during the first few days of the flu‐like illness caused by this coronavirus, we recommend...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 16:56
A case with buccal squamous cell carcinoma that developed pemphigus vulgaris induced by radiotherapy
Mon Jun 08, 2020 16:56
Abstract The World Health Organization has recently defined the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections as a pandemic. The infection, that may cause a potentially very severe respiratory disease, now called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), has airborne transmission via droplets while less attention focused on aerosol transmission. Surgical smoke and plumes in laser clinics represent a source for aerosol particles. The aim of this article is to provide the authors...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 17:52
Sun Jun 07, 2020 17:52
Sun Jun 07, 2020 17:28
Abstract Psoriasis may lead to subsequent colorectal cancer since chronic systemic inflammation is the common etiologic factor both in psoriasis and colorectal cancer. It is a matter of dispute whether biological agents used in the treatment of psoriasis cause predisposition to colorectal cancer as a result of their immunosuppressive effect. Medical records of psoriasis patients who underwent colonoscopy before biological agents were reviewed. Colonoscopy was performed in all patients who were aged...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:58
Abstract Data regarding the clinical characteristics of patients with dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP4i)‐associated BP is inconclusive. We aimed to characterize the clinical features of patients with DPP4i‐associated BP, and to assess whether there are phenotypic differences associated with different agents belonging to the DPP4i class. A retrospective prevalence study was performed, including all consecutive patients diagnosed with BP throughout the years 2000‐2019. The study included 397...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:36
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:36
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:35
Microbial interactions contribute to shape ecosystems and their functions. The interplay between microorganisms also shapes the evolutionary trajectory of each species, by imposing metabolic and physiological selective pressures. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are thus of interest to improve our understanding of microbial evolution at the genetic level. Here we applied a functional genomics approach in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify the fitness determinants of...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
The formation of new species via the accumulation of incompatible genetic changes is thought to result either from ecologically-based divergent natural selection or the order by which mutations happen to arise, leading to different evolutionary trajectories even under similar selection pressures. There is growing evidence in support of both ecological speciation and mutation-order speciation, but how different environmental scenarios affect the rate of species formation remains underexplored. We...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) remains widespread in the North American pig population. Despite improvements in virus characterization, it is unclear whether PRRSv infections are a product of viral circulation within a farm, within production systems (local) or across production systems (external). Here we examined the dissemination dynamics of PRRSv and the processes facilitating its spread within and among pig farms in three production systems. Overall, PRRSv genetic...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
For decades, codon usage has been used as a measure of adaptation for translational efficiency and translation accuracy of a genes coding sequence. These patterns of codon usage reflect both the selective and mutational environment in which the coding sequences evolved. Over this same period, gene transfer between lineages has become widely recognized as an important biological phenomenon. Nevertheless, most studies of codon usage implicitly assume that all genes within a genome evolved under the...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
The myrmicine ant genus Solenopsis is species-rich, globally distributed, and is often a common and ecologically important faunal element of the leaf litter. The genus is also well-known for containing several widely distributed tramp species and some of the worst invasive species in the World (the Red Imported Fire Ant, S. invicta, and the Tropical Fire Ant, S. geminata). Although not hyper-diverse and despite its ecological and economic importance, Solenopsis has long frustrated systematists due...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
X-linked meiotic drivers cause X-bearing sperm to be produced in excess by male carriers, leading to female-biased sex ratios. Selection for these selfish sex chromosomes can lead to completely female populations, which cannot produce offspring and go extinct. However, at the population level, moderately female-biased sex ratios are optimal because relatively few males are required to fertilise all the females. We develop eco-evolutionary models for sex-linked meiotic drive alleles to investigate...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Salamanders, frog tadpoles, and diverse lizards have the remarkable ability to regenerate tails. Paleontological data suggests that this capacity is plesiomorphic, yet when the developmental and genetic architecture of tail regeneration arose is poorly understood. Here we show morphological and molecular hallmarks of tetrapod tail regeneration in the West African lungfish Protopterus annectens, a living representative of the sister group of tetrapods. As in salamanders, lungfish tail regeneration...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Genetic variation segregates as linked sets of variants, or haplotypes. Haplotypes and linkage are central to genetics and underpin virtually all genetic and selection analysis. And yet, genomic data often lack haplotype information, due to constraints in sequencing technologies. Here we present "haplotagging", a simple, low-cost linked-read sequencing technique that allows sequencing of hundreds of individuals while retaining linkage information. We apply haplotagging to construct megabase-size...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Ewings sarcoma (EWS) is the second most common primary malignant bone cancer in children. Advances in the treatment of EWS are desperately needed, particularly in the case of metastatic disease. A deeper understanding of collateral sensitivity, where the evolution of therapeutic resistance to one drug aligns with sensitivity to another drug, may improve our ability to effectively target this disease. For the first time in a solid tumor, we examine the repeatability of collateral sensitivity in EWS...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Identification of partial sweeps, which include both hard and soft sweeps that have not currently reached fixation, provides crucial information about ongoing evolutionary responses. To this end, we introduce partialS/HIC, a deep learning method to discover selective sweeps from population genomic data. partialS/HIC uses a convolutional neural network for image processing, which is trained with a large suite of summary statistics derived from coalescent simulations incorporating population-specific...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Local adaptation is expected to cause high FST at sites linked to a causal locus, however this pattern can also be driven by background or positive selection. Within-population nucleotide diversity could provide a means to differentiate these scenarios, as both background and positive selection deplete diversity, whereas some theoretical studies have shown that local adaptation increases it. However, it is unclear whether such theoretical predictions generalize to more complicated models. Here, we...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
As anomalous heat waves are causing the widespread decline of coral reefs worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify coral populations tolerant to thermal stress. Heat stress adaptive potential is the degree of tolerance expected from evolutionary processes and, for a given reef, depends on the arrival of propagules from reefs exposed to recurrent thermal stress. For this reason, assessing spatial patterns of thermal adaptation and reef connectivity is of paramount importance to inform conservation...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
O_LIMolecular markers can allow us to differentiate species that occupy a morphological continuum, and detect patterns of allele sharing that can help us understand the dynamics of geographic zones where they meet. Betula microphylla is a declining wetland species in NW China that forms a continuum of leaf morphology with its relative Betula tianshanica. C_LIO_LIWe use ecological niche models (ENM) to predict the distribution of B. microphylla, B. tianshanica and the more commonly occurring B....
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
Social insect reproduction is characterised by a division of labour. Typically, the queen is the sole reproductive female in the colony and the female workers are non-reproductive. However, in the majority of social insect species the workers are only facultatively sterile and remain capable of laying eggs under some conditions, such as when the queen dies. The Australian stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria is noteworthy as workers never lay eggs, even if a colony loses its queen. Here we describe...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWTraits that are unused in a given environment are subject to processes that tend to erode them, leading to reduced fitness in other environments. Although this general tendency is clear, we know much less about why some traits are lost while others are retained, and about the roles of mutation and selection in generating different responses. We addressed these issues by examining populations of a facultative anaerobe, Escherichia coli, that have evolved for >30 years in...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Streptococcus pneumoniae can be split into multiple strains, each with a characteristic combination of core and accessory genome variation, able to co-circulate and compete within the same hosts. Previous analyses of epidemiological datasets suggested the short-term vaccine-associated dynamics of S. pneumoniae strains may be mediated through multi-locus negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS), acting to maintain accessory loci at equilibrium frequencies. To test whether this model could explain...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emergent RNA virus that spread around the planet in about 4 months. The consequences of this rapid spread on the virus evolution are under investigation. In this work, we analyzed ca. 9,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. We show that the virus is a complex of slightly different genetic variants that are unevenly distributed on Earth. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny is spatially...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
Coral reef systems are under global threat due to warming and acidifying oceans1. Understanding the response of the coral holobiont to environmental change is crucial to aid conservation efforts. The most pressing problem is "coral bleaching", usually precipitated by prolonged thermal stress that disrupts the algal symbiosis sustaining the holobiont2,3. We used metabolomics to understand how the coral holobiont metabolome responds to heat stress with the goal of identifying diagnostic markers prior...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
Estimating patterns of gene flow during the early stages of speciation is central to understanding whether reproductive isolation arises via the gradual erosion of gene flow or through successive stages of strict isolation and secondary contact. Such scenarios can be explicitly tested by comparing the joint allele frequency spectrum (jAFS) of a set of populations to jAFS simulated under scenarios of isolation with migration (IM) and secondary contact (SC). However, the potential effect of unaccounted...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
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