Halobacteria have been observed to be highly recombinogenic, frequently exchanging genetic material. Several barriers to mating in the Halobacteria have been examined, such as CRISPR-Cas, glycosylation, and archaeosortases, but these are low barriers that do not drastically reduce the recombination frequency. Another potential barrier could be restriction-modification (RM) systems, which cleave DNA that is not properly methylated, thus limiting the exchange of genetic material between cells which...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
Colour polymorphisms are popular study systems among biologists interested in evolutionary dynamics, genomics, sexual selection and sexual conflict. In many damselflies, such as in the globally distributed genus Ischnura (forktails), female colour polymorphisms occur in some species. Female-polymorphic species contain two or three female morphs, one of which is male-coloured (androchrome or male mimic) and co-exists with sexually dimorphic (heterochrome) females. These female colour polymorphisms...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
BackgroundThe circadian clock is a biological timing system that improves the ability of organisms to deal with environmental fluctuations. At the molecular level it consists of a network of transcription-translation feedback loops, involving genes that activate (bmal and clock - positive loop) and repress expression (cryptochrome (cry) and period (per) - negative loop). This is regulated by daily alternations of light but can also be affected by temperature. Fish, as ectothermic, depend on the environmental...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 03:00
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWMouse lemurs (Microcebus) are a radiation of morphologically cryptic primates distributed throughout Madagascar for which the number of recognized species has exploded in the past two decades. This taxonomic explosion has prompted understandable concern that there has been substantial oversplitting in the mouse lemur clade. Here, we take an integrative approach to investigate species diversity in two pairs of sister lineages that occur in a region in northeastern Madagascar...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 03:00
Intralocus Sexual Conflict (IaSC) ensues when males and females of the same species experience divergent selection on shared traits. A large number of traits have been implicated in IaSC and there is growing evidence for sexual antagonism associated with immunity. X chromosomes are thought to be hotspots of sexually antagonistic genetic variation and have been shown to harbour substantial immunity-related genetic variation. Here, using interpopulation crosses and cytogenetic cloning, we investigated...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
Natural variation in plant pathogens has an impact on food security and ecosystem health. The rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae, which limits rice production in all rice-growing areas, is structured into multiple lineages. Diversification and the maintenance of multiple rice blast lineages have been proposed to be due to separation in different areas and differential adaptation to rice subspecies. However, the precise world distribution of rice blast populations, and the factors controlling their...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 03:00
Topologically associating domains (TADs) are regarded as functional and structural units of higher-order spatial genome organization of many eukaryotic genomes. However, our knowledge of how evolution affects TADs remains limited. To decipher the evolutionary significance of TADs, we de novo assembled the genome of D. pseudoobscura and created a high-resolution ([~]800 bp) Hi-C contact map to annotate TADs. Remarkably, more than 40% of TADs between D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster are conserved,...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
All organisms encode enzymes that replicate, maintain, pack, recombine, and repair their genetic material. For this reason, mutation rates and biases also evolve by mutation, variation, and natural selection. By examining metagenomic time series of the Lenski long-term evolution experiment (LTEE) with Escherichia coli (Good, et al. 2017), we find that local mutation rate variation has evolved during the LTEE. Each LTEE population has evolved idiosyncratic differences in their rates of point mutations,...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 03:00
O_LITransgenerational plasticity (TGP) occurs when the environment encountered by one generation (F0) alters the phenotypes of one or more future generations (e.g. F1 and F2). Sex selective TGP, via specific lineages or to only male or female descendants, has been underexplored in natural systems, and may be adaptive if it allows past generations to fine-tune the phenotypes of future generations in response to sex-specific life history strategies. C_LIO_LIWe sought to understand if exposing males...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
The pace and unpredictability of evolution are critically relevant in a variety of modern challenges: combating drug resistance in pathogens and cancer, understanding how species respond to environmental perturbations like climate change, and developing artificial selection approaches for agriculture. Great progress has been made in quantitative modeling of evolution using fitness landscapes, allowing a degree of prediction for future evolutionary histories. Yet fine-grained control of the speed...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 03:00
The evolution of mate preferences may depend on natural selection acting on the mating cues and on the underlying genetic architecture. While the evolution of assortative mating with respect to locally adapted traits has been well-characterized, the evolution of disassortative mating is poorly characterized. Here we aim at understanding the evolution of disassortative mating for traits under strong balancing selection, by focusing on polymorphic mimicry as an illustrative example. Positive frequency-dependent...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 03:00
Abstract This project aims to complement and homogenise the teaching of indications and technique of digital rectal examination (DRE) through the use of simulators, and subsequently analysed the level of satisfaction with the training and skills acquired. The students were distributed into small groups. One of the workshop’s coordinators synthesised indications and procedures of DRE. A teaching video was made with all the contents and was distributed between the trainers. During...
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Abstract There is a paucity of trained cytopathologists in low-resource settings for effective cervical cancer screening. There has been no documented report of the impact of a dedicated training program in cervical cytology on pathologists’ knowledge and skill in this field. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the regularly conducted training workshops on the attending pathologists’ knowledge, practice, and skills in cervicovaginal smear reporting. Our institute,...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 03:00
Abstract The US Food and Drug Administration has proposed requiring that all women undergoing mammography receive written information about their breast density. Past research suggests many women may misperceive the meaning of breast density. Additionally, women with dense breasts may not understand the risks and benefits of pursuing additional imaging studies. The goal of this study was to explore women’s beliefs about breast density and their preferences for how this information...
Sat Jun 06, 2020 03:00
Abstract Serving as one of the few training institutions of medical oncology in the Philippines, the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital was faced with challenges brought by the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. With the dismantling of routines and practices in the hospital, training activities such as daily rounds, conferences, and examinations were temporarily put on hold. Recognizing that the strength of any clinical training program is its...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 03:00
Abstract Effective communication between providers and patients with serious illness is critical to ensure that treatment is aligned with patient goals. We developed and tested an implementation strategy for incorporating the previously developed Serious Illness Conversation Guide (SICG), a clinician script, into hematology-oncology fellowship training at a single US academic medical center. Between December 2017 and April 2018, we trained 8 oncology fellows to use and document...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 03:00
Abstract In 2013, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force recommended low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening (LCS) after a national trial demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality with LDCT. Implementation of LCS employing LDCT depends heavily on physician education regarding multiple factors, including eligibility criteria, potential benefits and harms, and shared decision-making. To date, there are no studies of educational approaches for...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 03:00
Abstract Since the declaration of COVID‐19 as global pandemic, several countries including India have enforced a national quarantine.We aimed to compare the perceived stress of Dermatologists and non‐dermatologists, due to quarantine and COVID‐19 pandemic and analyze the role of possible risk‐factors. We conducted a web‐based cross‐sectional study to determine the perceived stress of doctors using the Perceived stress scale‐10 and evaluate possible risk‐factors. Among 384 valid responders,we had...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 15:35
Abstract Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is a traditional Chinese herb used in many medicinal applications, but the treatment of bullous pemphigoid (BP) with TwHF has never been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TwHF in BP patients. A retrospective study was performed from January 2015 to September 2019 in the Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. A total of 10 patients with mild to moderate BP and treated with TwHF were...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 13:56
Thu Jun 04, 2020 20:43
Abstract Genital warts caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) are the most common sexually transmitted disease and have a negative impact on quality of life. Of the more than 200 different types of human papilloma virus, low‐risk types 6 and 11 are mainly responsible for the development of condyloma acuminata. Despite a large arsenal of local therapies such as numerous topical agents, CO2 laser ablation and surgical removal, genital warts tend to be recalcitrant. HPV vaccination is mainly used...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 19:07
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Thu Jun 04, 2020 18:29
Abstract Two months have passed since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the pandemic of the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID‐19), caused by the SARS CoV‐2 virus, on March 11, 2020. Medical and healthcare workers have continued to be on the frontline to defeat this disease, however, continual changes are being made to their working habits which are proving to be difficult. Although the skin is not the main target of the SARS CoV‐2 infection, it is strongly involved both directly and indirectly,...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 18:24
Thu Jun 04, 2020 18:18
Thu Jun 04, 2020 18:07
Abstract Blue nevus, in all its clinical variants, rarely affects the nail bed. This leads to difficulty in the diagnosis of blue nevi within the nail bed as well as to challenges with regards to its treatment and follow up management, not solely attributed to the intrinsic difficulty of the anatomical site. We present the first case in literature of an Acquired Cellular Blue Nevus entirely confined within the nail bed, in a female caucasian patient. We propose diagnostic and therapeutic options...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 18:07
Abstract The European Commission asked EFSA to undertake a ‘repair action’ of the FOCUS surface water report after the EFSA Pesticide Steering Network had been consulted. The main request was to introduce into all FOCUS surface water scenarios (both run‐off and drainage) a 20‐year assessment period instead of the current 12‐ or 16‐month assessment period. Because of the 20‐year assessment period, the way application dates are defined needed to be reviewed, reconsidering the functionality of...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 14:04
Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of essential oil, oleoresin and tincture from Zingiber officinale Roscoe when used as sensory additives in feed for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the additives under consideration are safe for the target species at the following use levels: (i) ginger essential oil...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 17:07
Abstract The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Ireland, and co‐rapporteur Member State, Denmark, for the pesticide active substance garlic extract and the considerations as regards the inclusion of the substance in Annex IV of Regulation (EC ) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU ) No 844/2012, as...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 17:07
Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on OptiPhos PLUS ® to be used as a feed additive for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, turkeys for fattening, turkeys reared for breeding, minor poultry species for fattening, minor poultry species reared for laying, minor poultry species reared for breeding and ornamental birds. The active substance...
Fri Jun 05, 2020 17:07
Abstract In their important paper Letzner et al. (2020) have reported convincing evidence of asymmetry in the tectofugal projections of the pigeon, an altricial species. The asymmetry develops in the midline‐crossing neuronal axons projecting from each optic tectum to its contralateral nucleus rotundus, and it develops in response to light exposure of the embryo. This finding invites comparison to development of visual asymmetry in precocial species, as indeed discussed by Letzner at al. (2020).
Mon Jun 08, 2020 16:08
Abstract Recently, functional studies have demonstrated that legumain (LGMN) cleaves both amyloid‐β protein precursor and tau, promoting senile plaques and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, which may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the genetic role of LGMN in AD has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we used Sanger sequencing to investigate the single independent (single‐variant association test) and cumulative (gene‐based association test) effects...
Sun Jun 07, 2020 17:47
Abstract In the last years, cognitive impairment was emphasized to be a prominent long‐term sequela of sepsis. The level of cognitive impairment is comparable with that in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Whether sepsis survivors also show a comparable brain atrophy is still unclear. For the analysis of brain atrophy, a novel method named Brain Age Gap Estimation (BrainAGE) was used. In this analysis approach, an algorithm identifies age‐specific atrophy across the whole brain and calculates...
Thu Jun 04, 2020 12:09
The present study has been undertaken in order to highlight the healing effect of Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil. The seeds of this plant contain an oil rate of 30%. The obtained results on the main elements composing the vegetable oil have shown that Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil has a low value of acidity index and it presents a not negligible degree of unsaturation. The value of the peroxide index of Zizyphus lotus vegetable oil is less than 10 which characterizes the most of conventional oils. Furthermore,...
Mon Jun 08, 2020 15:50
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