Semisynthetic artemisinins and other bioactive peroxides are best known for their powerful antimalarial activities, and they also show substantial activity against schistosomes-another hemoglobin-degrading pathogen. Building on this discovery, we now describe the initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) of antischistosomal ozonide carboxylic acids OZ418 (; 2; ) and OZ165 (; 3; ). Irrespective of lipophilicity, these ozonide weak acids have relatively low aqueous solubilities and high protein...
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Most malaria-endemic countries have struggled in the past decade to establish effective national-scale continuous distribution mechanisms for long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Since the implementation of the Tanzania National Voucher Scheme in 2004 and mass-distribution campaigns in 2009-2011 and 2015-2016, Tanzania has been committed to finding new and innovative ways of achieving and maintaining universal bed net coverage. Planning for the School Net Programme (SNP) began in 2011 and in 2013,...
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This article reports on our qualitative inquiry into the meanings biomedically trained doctors in Switzerland attach to treating vaccine hesitant (VH) and underimmunized patients. With support from social science literature on 'good' and 'bad' patients and doctors, we explore how both doctors and patients cross the boundaries of these conceptual categories in situations involving vaccine hesitancy and underimmunization. The doctors we interviewed (N = 20) and observed (N = 16 observations, subsample...
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In low- and middle-income countries, infectious diseases remain a key public health issue. Additionally, non-communicable diseases are a rapidly growing public health problem that impose a considerable burden on population health. One way to address this dual disease burden, is to incorporate (lifestyle) health promotion measures within the education sector. In the planned study, we will (i) assess and compare physical activity, physical fitness, micronutrient status, body composition, infections...
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An increasing number of findings from epidemiological studies support associations between exposure to air pollution and the onset of several diseases, including pulmonary, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and malignancies. However, intermediate, and potentially mediating, biological mechanisms associated with exposure to air pollutants are largely unknown. Previous studies on the human exposome have shown that the expression of certain circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), regulators of...
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As more countries progress towards malaria elimination, a better understanding of the most critical health system features for enabling and supporting malaria control and elimination is needed.; All available health systems data relevant for malaria control were collated from 23 online data repositories. Principal component analysis was used to create domain specific health system performance measures. Multiple regression model selection approaches were used to identify key health systems predictors...
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Animal and human helminth infections are highly prevalent around the world, with only few anthelminthic drugs available. The anthelminthic drug performance is expressed by the cure rate and the egg reduction rate. However, which kind of mean should be used to calculate the egg reduction rate remains a controversial issue. We visualized the distributions of egg counts of different helminth species in 7 randomized controlled trials and asked a panel of experts about their opinion on the egg burden...
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Population size estimation is performed for several reasons including disease surveillance and control, for example to design adequate control strategies such as vaccination programs or to estimate a vaccination campaign coverage. In this study, we aimed at investigating the possibility of using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to estimate the size of free-roaming domestic dog (FRDD) populations and compare the results with two regularly used methods for population estimations: foot-patrol transect...
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BACKGROUND: The immune contexture predicts prognosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Whereas tumour-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and myeloid CD16+ myeloperoxidase (MPO)+ cells are associated with favourable clinical outcome, interleukin (IL)-17-producing cells have been reported to correlate with severe prognosis. However, their phenotypes and functions continue to be debated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical relevance, phenotypes and functional features of CRC-infiltrating, IL-17-producing cells....
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Chromosomal rearrangements of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL/KMT2A) gene leading to oncogenic MLL-fusion proteins occur in ~10% of acute leukemias and are associated with poor clinical outcomes, emphasizing the need for new treatment modalities. Inhibition of the DOT1-like histone H3K79 methyltransferase (DOT1L) is a specific therapeutic approach for such leukemias that is currently being tested in clinical trials. However, in most MLL-rearranged leukemia models responses to DOT1L inhibitors are...
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To analyse the long-term feasibility and limitations of presurgical fMRI in a cohort of tumour and epilepsy patients with different MR-scanners at 1.5 and 3.0 T.; Four hundred and ninety-one consecutive patients undergoing presurgical fMRI between 2000 and 2012 on five different MR-scanners using established paradigms and semi-automated data processing were included. Success rates of task performance and BOLD-activation were determined for motor and somatosensory somatotopic mapping and language...
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Today, we universally understand radicals to be chemical species with an unpaired electron. It was not always so, and this article traces the evolution of the term radical and in this journey, monitors the development of some of the great theories of organic chemistry
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Zusammenfassung Die Linderung der körperlichen Beschwerden durch Schmerz- und Symptomkontrolle ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil eines palliativen Behandlungskonzepts. Anhaltende Schmerzen führen zu einer deutlichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität. Die Evaluation des Schmerzes durch eine ausführliche Schmerzanamnese ermöglicht, die Schmerzarten zu erkennen und eine entsprechend wirksame Schmerztherapie zu starten. Grundlage der Therapie der Tumorschmerzen bei palliativen Patienten...
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ObjectiveShift work is known to be related to several negative health consequences and sickness absence. Research results regarding the relationship between types of shift schedules and sickness absence and whether and how individual factors moderate this relationship, are mixed though. The present paper aims to provide more insight in these relationships.MethodsWe used registry data from a large Norwegian hospital gathered for the years 2012–2016, for >14 000 employees. With random effects at...
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Publication date: Available online 22 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): I.M. Schut, J.H. Pasma, J.M.B. Roelofs, V. Weerdesteyn, H. van der Kooij, A.C. Schouten
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Publication date: Available online 22 April 2020Source: Journal of BiomechanicsAuthor(s): Emily A. Bermel, Seema Thakral, Amy A. Claeson, Arin M. Ellingson, Victor H. Barocas
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This Viewpoint discusses legal and privacy concerns raised by South Korea’s information technology (IT)–based containment of the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes use of aggregated rather than person-level data to protect the privacy of individuals while maintaining the effectiveness of public health measures.
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This Viewpoint reviews notable examples of clinical trial misconduct identified by routine US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical trial site inspections and argues that making inspection reports publicly available on the agency’s and trial registry websites is important to maintaining the integrity of clinical research.
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ABSTRACT Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are cutaneous malformations whose prevalence is inversely correlated with projected adult size. CMN are caused by somatic mutations, but epidemiological studies suggest that germline genetic factors may influence CMN development. In CMN patients from the U.K., genetic variants in MC1R, such as p.V92M and loss‐of‐function variants, have been previously associated with larger CMN. We analyzed the association of MC1R variants with CMN characteristics in two...
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PHEMs with intact structured melanosomes were observed in TEM before PTPD‐12 treatment. After treatment with PTPD‐12 (20 μM) for 24 hours, melanosomes were subject to degradation and the number of autophagic vacuoles (magnified image) increased. Magnified images on the right panel are from the area indicated by the red box (I, II)
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Publication date: Available online 23 April 2020Source: Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyAuthor(s): Masaru Usui
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Publication date: Available online 22 April 2020Source: Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyAuthor(s): Tadatsugu Imamura, Kensuke Shoji, Naoko Kono, Mitsuru Kubota, Nao Nishimura, Akira Ishiguro, Isao Miyairi
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Publication date: Available online 22 April 2020Source: Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyAuthor(s): Toshio Naito, Mai Suzuki, Akio Kanazawa, Hiromizu Takahashi, Kazutoshi Fujibayashi, Hirohide Yokokawa, Ryohei Kuwatsuru, Akira Watanabe
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Publication date: Available online 22 April 2020Source: Journal of Infection and ChemotherapyAuthor(s): Kazutaka Oda, Hirofumi Jono, Katsuyuki Sagishima, Hideyuki Saito
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MindManager is thrilled to announce that we’ve been awarded two Top Rated Awards from TrustRadius in the Diagramming and Project Management categories. This marks the third consecutive year that MindManager has earned a Top Rated award, and those accolades are all thanks to the continued support and input from our valued customers. Thank you once again to all of our customers, and to anyone who has written a review of MindManager on TrustRadius. Your fantastic feedback has helped...
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Publication date: Available online 22 April 2020Source: Biological PsychologyAuthor(s): Masataka Umeda, Akiko Okifuji
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Abstract Background There is a significant variation in the assessment, treatment, and outcomes of nasal airway obstruction and management in the published literature. This study aimed to: (1) define key components of the nasal airway, (2) identify frequent causes of nasal obstruction, and (3) review existing treatment methods. Methods A systematic review...
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Abstract Background As evidence-based medicine has taken hold across medical specialties, the level of evidence within the facial plastic surgery literature has risen, but remains weak in comparison. There has not yet been a systematic, critical appraisal of the relative strength of evidence among subsets of the practice of facial plastic surgery. Methods ...
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