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Publication date: Available online 1 April 2020Source: Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y AudiologíaAuthor(s): Lixania Hernández, Nuria Calet, José A. Gonzalez-Lopez
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ACS NanoDOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08904
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Abstract Intragranular embrittlement is key to the weakening of properties of ultra-supercritical applied materials as HR3C heat-resistant steel in service and is considered to be related to the structure of grain boundary and the precipitation of carbides. In this work, the structural unit model was applied to study the structure of grain boundary and carbide formation with molecular dynamics simulation, and then, the precipitation tendency of carbides was analyzed through the...
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Abstract A Fe–9Cr steel containing second-phase particles was processed by ten rotations of high-pressure torsion (HPT) to produce a microstructure consisting of pancake-shaped nanoscaled grains with dominantly high-angle boundaries. Annealing was carried out on the HPT-processed Fe–9Cr steel from 500 to 700 °C up to 48 h. During the annealing, grains grew in a continuous manner. During high-temperature annealing (above 600 °C), a higher fraction of low-angle boundaries was observed...
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Abstract During our preparedness for the COVID‐19 pandemic we identified that our GE Healthcare anaesthetic machines (GE Healthcare, Amersham Place, Little Chalfont, UK) had a ventilator which was gas‐driven, using oxygen. This resulted in a large amount of wasted oxygen. Our anaesthetic department has 52 anaesthetic machines which form part of our plan to increase our ITU capacity.
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Abstract Reports on pediatric low‐grade diffuse glioma WHO‐grade II (DG2) suggest an impaired survival rate, but lack conclusive results for genetically defined DG2‐entities. We analyzed the natural history, treatment and prognosis of DG2, and investigated which genetically defined sub‐entities proved unfavorable for survival. Within the prospectively registered, population‐based German/Swiss SIOP‐LGG 2004 cohort 100 patients (age 0.8‐17.8 years, 4% neurofibromatosis [NF1]) were diagnosed with...
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ABSTRACT The rapid spread of COVID‐19 epidemic in Italy, in particular in the Milan focal point, required drastic measures and led to panic in the population. While in our centre we did not change our approach to the treatment of our young cancer patients, we developed a qualitative survey to assess their perception of the risk and level of stress. The survey showed that a relatively large proportion of them felt personally at risk of severe complications. We believe that we need to adequately...
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Abstract MMP12 is mainly secreted by macrophages, is involved in macrophage development, and decomposes the extracellular matrix. Herein, we investigated whether macrophages would change in the intestinal tumor microenvironment after MMP12 knockout. ApcMin/+;MMP12−/−mice were obtained by crossbreeding ApcMin/+ mice with MMP12 knockout mice (MMP12−/− mice). The data showed that the number and volume of intestinal tumors were significantly increased in ApcMin/+;MMP12−/− mice compared...
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We read with interest Richard Horton's Comment,1 in which he characterises the decline of the physical examination as “a vestigial remnant of clinical care”. He also acknowledges the transformative power of touch even as he sees its decline.
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On March 31, the Gairdner Foundation announced the winners of its annual prizes in biomedical science and global health. Talha Burki spoke with the laureates.
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Never has the “leave no one behind” pledge felt more urgent. As nations around the world implement measures to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, including lockdowns and restrictions on individuals’ movements, they must heed their global commitments. When member states adopted the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, they promised to ensure no one will be left behind. Chief among the world's most vulnerable people are refugees and migrants. The COVID-19 crisis puts these groups at enormous...
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How should countries plan for the approaching health crisis caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? In the UK, Prime Minister Boris Johnson, himself struck down with infection, has written to every household warning that, “we know things will get worse before they get better”. The UK Government is right to prepare the public for the coming human catastrophe. All governments have a responsibility to do the same. But this advice does not go far enough. Here are five critical actions that need...
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When the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) released draft guidelines on the diagnosis and management of abdominal aortic aneurysms in May, 2018, it caused outcry. By recommending that endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of unruptured aneurysms should not be offered—even in patients for whom open surgical repair was contraindicated—critics said that many patients would be denied life-saving treatment and that the guidelines were unworkable.
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In 2017 the face of Katie Stubblefield made headlines. Not the face she was born with or the face that emerged after 22 reconstructive surgeries. This was another face altogether: a transplant that Stubblefield would receive from Adrea Schneider. There have been 46 recorded face transplants in history. Katie's was the 40th—only the third to have taken place at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, which also undertook the first face transplant in the USA, on Connie Culp, in 2008. According to the Cleveland...
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Before the development of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), sporadic outbreaks of poliomyelitis were reported to cause as many as 18 000 cases of paralysis and over 3000 deaths in the USA alone.1 The straightforward oral administration, high effectiveness, and relatively low cost of OPV was fundamental to the substantial reduction in polio achieved by mass vaccination campaigns. Wild polioviruses were certified by WHO to be eliminated throughout the...
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It is natural during the unfolding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to focus on emergency response planning, including containment, treatment procedures, and vaccine development, and nobody would doubt the need for these measures. However, an emergency can also open a window of opportunity for reflection and learning. We live in increasingly global, interdependent, and environmentally constrained societies and the COVID-19 pandemic exemplifies these aspects of our world. We would therefore...
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As of March 19, 2020, 191 127 cases of, including 7807 deaths attributed to, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide.1 The incidence of reported cases in China has dramatically reduced to tens per day as a result of strict social distancing measures; however, the pandemic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now generating sustained transmission in many countries including the USA. In The Lancet, Isaac Ghinai, Tristan D McPherson, and colleagues2...
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Laboratories and diagnostic companies are racing to produce antibody tests, a key part of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Anna Petherick reports.
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Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia develops in both children and adults, with a peak incidence between 1 year and 4 years. Most acute lymphoblastic leukaemia arises in healthy individuals, and predisposing factors such as inherited genetic susceptibility or environmental exposure have been identified in only a few patients. It is characterised by chromosomal abnormalities and genetic alterations involved in differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells. Along with response to treatment,...
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Biswal S, Borja-Tabora C, Martinez Vargas L, et al. Efficacy of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in healthy children aged 4–16 years: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2020; published online March 17. https://dox.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30414-1—The appendix of this Article has been corrected as of April 2, 2020.
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A 50-year-old woman came to our hospital with a 2-day history of abdominal pain and vomiting, which resulted in her reducing food and fluid intake. On examination she appeared drowsy but fully orientated. Her heart rate was 98 beats per min and her blood pressure was 145/74 mm Hg. Her abdomen was slightly tender on palpation—particularly in the epigastrium. Additionally, she was slightly tender bilaterally over the costovertebral angle. She did not have any loin pain, dysuria, or haematuria.
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Molecular geneticist and genetic code breaker. He was born in Washington, DC, USA, on Nov 19, 1934, and died from complications of Parkinson's disease in Chestnut Hill, MA, USA, on Feb 2, 2020, aged 85 years.
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Masculinities: Liberation through Photography explores half a century of photographic representations of men—their bodies, their identities, and their social roles. Contemporary politics is full of powerful men—Donald Trump, Boris Johnson, Vladimir Putin, and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan—behaving in stereotypically dominant ways. You could be forgiven for thinking that the more things change, the more things remain the same. But #MeToo is here to say it can't go on like this, in the wake of the conviction...
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Mass drug administration is the strategy recommended by WHO to control or eliminate many neglected tropical diseases that cause devastating consequences worldwide. This strategic approach, which has produced unquestionable benefits, consists of treating every person, infected or not, living in a defined geographical area at approximately the same time.1 In 2017, more than 1·7 billion treatments (mainly albendazole, mebendazole, ivermectin, azithromycin, and praziquantel) were delivered to 1·04 billion...
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What does it mean to be vulnerable? Vulnerable groups of people are those that are disproportionally exposed to risk, but who is included in these groups can change dynamically. A person not considered vulnerable at the outset of a pandemic can become vulnerable depending on the policy response. The risks of sudden loss of income or access to social support have consequences that are difficult to estimate and constitute a challenge in identifying all those who might become vulnerable. Certainly,...
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Punitive social policy, encompassing the dismantling of the welfare state with the expansion of the penal state and its associated institutions, as nicely stated by Elias Nosrati and Michael Marmot in their Perspective,1 might indeed be considered an upstream social determinant of health. Nosrati and Marmot's analysis relates to the findings described by Navarro and colleagues,2 linking political ideology with policies aimed at reducing social inequalities such as welfare state and labour market...
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Japan has achieved one of the most successful health-care systems in the world.1 Under the nation's insurance scheme, Japanese citizens have taken for granted that anyone can choose any health-care facility and receive the most advanced medical care across the nation. However, little attention has been paid to the fact that such a health system is supported by dedicated and self-sacrificing medical professionals. Such overloaded expectation is especially high in rural areas where the number of doctors...
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10 years after highlighting the health consequences for millions of people infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, a 2019 report from the Pan American Health Organization concluded that there has been little progress in the prevention and treatment of Chagas disease, a problem that now extends beyond Latin America.1
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Yemen, known to many as the land of Sheba, and Manhattan of the desert, is now referred to only as one of the poorest countries on Earth. The name Yemen has become synonymous with cholera, famine, death, instability, and war. The war continues to erase the lives, history, and the future of Yemenis, and meaningful aid and peace have yet to reach Yemen.
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In his Offline piece,1 Richard Horton asks whether touch has disappeared from medical consultations. As a doctor working in Norway, I witness the power of touch daily, from holding a patient's hand in the emergency room to giving them a hug after delivering a bad prognosis. Before going to work in the Democratic Republic of Congo during the Ebola outbreak, I reflected on how I would react under the strict no-touch policies that were in place for Ebola missions to prevent the transmission of communicable...
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