- Jennifer Middleton, MD, MPHInhaled corticosteroids are a mainstay for treating asthma; typically, they are prescribed on a scheduled basis, though many patients struggle with adherence. Two new studies may offer an alternative to scheduled inhaled corticosteroid dosing for patients with mild asthma.As described in the "Top POEMS of 2018 Consistent with the Principles of the Choosing Wisely Campaign," these two randomized controlled trials compared the twice daily, scheduled use of budesonide (Pulmicort)...
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Abstract Objectives There is increasing evidence indicating an association between invasive non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infection in pregnancy and early pregnancy loss. As the diagnosis relies on microbiological investigation of post-mortem placental and foetal samples, a significant proportion of NTHi-related pregnancy loss remains unrecognised. To better characterise NTHi in septic abortion, we report NTHi cases associated...
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Nature Communications, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12288-1Addendum: Irrational behavior in C. elegans arises from asymmetric modulatory effects within single sensory neurons
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Nature Communications, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11921-3Large area and homogeneous PANI thin films are important in high-performance organic electronics, but controlling the thickness and crystallinity in PANI thin films is challenging. Here the authors use air-water interface and surfactant monolayer templates to synthesize large area crystalline PANI films with tunable thickness.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12095-8Publisher Correction: Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers
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Nature Communications, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12188-4Munc18-1 and Munc13-1 are key for the exquisite regulation of neurotransmitter release. Here biophysical experiments show how αSNAP inhibits liposome fusion mediated by the neuronal SNAREs and how Munc18-1 overcomes this inhibition, ensuring that release depends on Munc18-1 and Munc13-1.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12334-ySynthetic RNA-based devices can dynamically control a wide range of processes. Here the authors develop a quantitative and high-throughput mammalian cell-based RNA-seq assay to efficiently engineer ribozyme switches.
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This Viewpoint discusses ethical considerations surrounding randomized clinical trials (RCTs) funded by patients who pay to enroll in them, and gaps in IRB oversight that could allow the trials to be approved despite possible patient exploitation and questionable scientific quality and social value.
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This JAMA Clinical Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2018 American Society of Hematology guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism.
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SACRAMENTO, Calif. (September 23, 2019) - A new web-based calculator helps middle-aged women predict their risks of experiencing heart attack, stroke, hip fracture, or breast, lung or colorectal cancer within 5, 10 or 15 years.
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A survey of the labour force in 2012/2013 reported that Pakistan’s total workforce is 59.74 million, of which 45.98 million are male and 13.76 million are female. Employment shares are, construction (7.4%), manufacturing (14.1%), transport (5.5%,) agriculture and allied activities (43.7%), and wholesale and retail trade (14.4%) .1 In Pakistan, there is no national system for recording occupational injuries and work-related casualties. Most accidents are not reported to the labour department, so there...
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Nature Cell Biology, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0381-7Wolf et al. show that N-Ank proteins combine their curvature-sensing ankyrin repeat array and N-terminal amphipathic helix to shape membranes, and ankycorbin shapes membrane protrusions in developing neurons.
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Nature Cell Biology, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0399-xCell identity is shaped by a complex interplay between transcription factors, enhancers and genome organisation. A study now reveals a dynamic role for the transcription factor KLF4 in directing gene regulatory interactions during pluripotent cell reprogramming, demonstrating that transcription factors can function as chromatin organisers.
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Nature Cell Biology, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0390-6Di Giammartino, Kloetgen, Polyzos, Liu et al. probe chromatin organization, enhancer status and transcriptional changes and show that KLF4 acts as a transcriptional regulator and chromatin organizer during induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming and in pluripotent stem cells.
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Nature Cell Biology, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0388-0Li et al. find that IFFO1 bridges the core NHEJ factor XRCC4 and lamin A/C, thus reducing the mobility of broken DNA ends to prevent chromosomal translocation in cancer cells.
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Nature Cell Biology, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41556-019-0391-5Lim et al. show that OSBP and VAPA and VAPB deliver cholesterol across ER–lysosome contacts to activate mTORC1. OSBP-mediated cholesterol trafficking activates mTORC1 in a disease model caused by loss of Niemann–Pick C1.
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BackgroundExperience-based codesign (EBCD) is an approach to health service design that engages patients and healthcare staff in partnership to develop and improve health services or pathways of care. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the use (structure, process and outcomes) and reporting of EBCD in health service improvement activities.MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library) were searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published from database...
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Nature Medicine, Published online: 23 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0581-5Rare genetic diseases frequently involve a neuropsychiatric component for which a defined framework of investigation will expedite our understanding for these diseases as a whole.
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BackgroundDirect thromboaspiration has been reported as an effective mechanical treatment for acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to determine whether the angle of interaction between the aspiration catheter and the clot affects the success of clot removal in ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulation.MethodsAll patients treated at our institution by direct thromboaspiration as a firstline technique between January 2016 and December 2017 were enrolled...
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Here’s how to bring gender equality to a thoroughly male-dominated field -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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An alarming book provokes a vision of a world that has solved the problems of global warming and war. -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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News outlets that said otherwise are just crying wolf—but they’re not the only ones at fault -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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Abstract Airway inflammation is a major contributing factor in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and represents an important target for treatment. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as monotherapy or in combination therapy with long-acting β2-agonists or long-acting muscarinic antagonists are used extensively in the treatment of asthma and COPD. The development of ICS for their anti-inflammatory properties progressed through efforts to increase topical potency...
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Abstract An enteral suspension (ES)/intestinal gel formulation of levodopa/carbidopa (hereafter referred to as levodopa/carbidopa ES) [Duodopa® (EU); Duopa™ (USA)] has been developed to overcome the fluctuating plasma levodopa concentrations associated with oral levodopa/carbidopa formulations. In various countries, including those of the EU (under the Mutual Recognition Procedure), it is approved for the treatment of advanced levodopa-responsive Parkinson’s disease (PD) with severe...
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Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (GP) has been reported in previous studies to possess antihyperlipidaemic, antioxidative, and cardioprotective properties. This study was aimed to determine the effect of standardised 80% ethanol extract of GP on lipid profiles and oxidative status of hypercholesterolemic rats. Postmenopausal (PM) Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised and fed with 2% cholesterol diet fortified with five times heated palm oil to develop hyperlipidaemia status. Two doses of the extract...
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Naoxintong capsule (NXT), a prescribed Chinese medicine, has been used clinically for more than 20 years and is widely received by patients. We determined five probe drugs, namely, omeprazole (CYP2C19), midazolam (CYP3A4), phenacetin (CYP1A2), tolbutamide (CYP2C9), and dextromethorphan (CYP2D6) to study the potential influences of NXT on the activities of CYP enzymes and assessed the pharmacokinetics effect of NXT on metoprolol tartrate in rat plasma. The study showed that AUC(0–24) and AUC(0–∞)...
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Recurrent use of oral corticosteroids (OCS) and over-use of short-acting beta-2-agonists (SABA) are factors associated with adverse side effects and asthma-related death. We aim to quantify high OCS exposure, ...
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