ObjectivesProstate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in males after lung cancer, imposing a significant burden on the healthcare system in Australia. We propose the use of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models in conjunction with population forecasts to provide for robust annual projections of prostate cancer. DesignData on the incidence and mortality from prostate cancer was obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. We formulated...
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Abstract New therapeutic strategies aimed to tackle the rising socio-economic burden of heart failure (HF) have become an impelling priority. The new pharmacological class of angiotensin (Ang) receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) prompted a real conceptual change in the treatment of HF moving from only the inhibition of the renin-Ang-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system to a strategy based on the concomitant pharmacological enhancement of endogenous natriuretic peptides....
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Abstract Objectives Major spinal corrective surgeries can be associated with critical intra-operative blood loss. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA), a commonly used antifibrinolytic agent, in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery, defined as fusion of five or more levels. Methods ...
1h
Abstract Cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that are chemically and physically stable under physiological conditions are an ideal candidate for certain bio-medical applications, in particular DNA transfection. However, the issue remains in reproducibly generating uniform stable species, which can cause the inadequate characterization of the resulting product under relevant conditions and timepoints. The principal objective of the present study...
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Abstract A facile method was developed to prepare mesoporous graphic C3N4 (MGCN)/TiO2 composites by synthesizing MGCN through a chemical template method and combining it with TiO2 by a solvothermal route. The as-prepared nanocomposites were respectively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy (DR-UV-Vis). The specific surface areas and pore sizes...
7h
AbstractBackgroundMicronutrients are known to modulate host immunity and there is limited literature on this association in the context of dengue virus infection (DENV).MethodsUsing a nested case-control design in a surveillance program, we measured anthropometry; nutritional biomarkers including serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, retinol-binding protein (RBP), 25-hydroxy vitamin D, folate, and vitamin B12; and a panel of immune response markers and compared these measures across four...
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AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of both acute and chronic infections in humans. The importance of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) during S. aureus infection is currently largely unexplored. Here, we focused on one key PPP enzyme, transketolase. We showed that inactivation of the unique gene encoding transketolase activity in S. aureus USA300 (∆tkt) led to drastic metabolomic changes. Using time-lapse video imaging and mice infection, we observed a major defect of the ∆tkt strain...
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AbstractMycoplasma lipoproteins play a relevant role in pathogenicity and directly interact with the host immune system. Among human mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma hominis is described as a commensal bacterium that can be associated with a number of genital and extra-genital conditions.Mechanisms of M. hominis pathogenicity are still largely obscure, and only a limited number of proteins have been associated to virulence. This work focuses on investigating the role of MHO_0730 as a virulence factor. We...
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ObjectiveTo delineate the critical decision-making processes that paediatricians apply when treating children with life-threatening conditions and the psychosocial experience of paediatricians involved in such care. DesignWe conducted semistructured, individual face-to-face interviews for each participant from 2014 to 2015. The content of each interview was subjected to a comprehensive qualitative analysis. The categories of dilemma were extracted from a second-round content analysis. ParticipantsParticipants...
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IntroductionChronic low back pain (CLBP) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding optimal management. Exercise intervention is the most widely used treatment as it likely influences contributing factors such as physical and psychological. Literature evaluating the effects of exercise on CLBP is often generalised, non-specific and employs inconsistent outcome measures. Moreover, the mechanisms behind exercise-related improvements are...
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IntroductionApproximately 25%–35% of the 1991 Gulf War Veteran population report symptoms consistent with Gulf War Illness (GWI), a chronic, multi-symptom illness characterised by fatigue, pain, irritable bowel syndrome and problems with cognitive function. GWI is a disabling problem for Gulf War Veterans, and there remains a critical need to identify innovative, novel therapies. Gut microbiota perturbation plays a key role in the symptomatology of other chronic multi-symptom illnesses, including...
1h
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection poses a significant burden to public health worldwide. Most cases are clinically silent until late in the disease course. The main goal of current therapy is to improve surv...
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A systematic review of experimental methods to manipulate secondary hyperalgesia in humans: protocol
Neuropathic pain affects 7–10% of people, but responds poorly to pharmacotherapy, indicating a need for better treatments. Mechanistic research on neuropathic pain frequently uses human surrogate models of the...
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Fraser MacBride, et.al., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Aug 20, 2019 I'm a bit surprised to find that it took this long for an article about Frank Ramsey to appear in the SEP. Then again, Ramsey is an inherently difficult philosopher. But let me offer a very light (and incomplete, and in many ways wrong) version of Ramsey to give you an idea of his thinking. Suppose (Ramsey might say) a statement about probability isn't a statement about the world, but...
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Cameron Buckner, James Garson, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Aug 19, 2019 This is a much-needed revision to the SEP's entry on connectionism, the science of neural networks for artificial intelligence, including especially a look at the newest wave of connectionist theory called 'deep learning'. Connectionism was of course directly responsible for a lot of my own work and the basic ideas of subsymbolic representation and distributed processing were key...
9h
Roy Peter Clark, Poynter, Aug 19, 2019 Despite the cute title (the answer is 'lead', and that's how I learned it, but I use 'lede' in today's world of search engines) this article about the first paragraph of a new story is useful and insightful. My own understanding of a lede is that it is short - 23 words or so - and contains the entire story in one or two sentences. It's a key part of the 'inverted pyramid' style of writing, where the most important bit is...
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Matthias Andrasch, OER World Map Blog, Aug 19, 2019 The OER mapping project is running through another round of improvements. What caught my eye was this: " This week we address the issue that our login interface is not very accessible, so we would like to integrate keycloak (Open Source Identity and Access Management) into the OER World Map." Though it has been around since 2014, this is the first I've heard of keycloak. You can read more about it here. It...
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Erica Southgate, Karen Blackmore, Stephanie Pieschl, Susan Grimes, Jessey McGuire, Kate Smithers, University of Newcastle, Aug 19, 2019 This is a new report (155 page PDF) on AI in education commisioned by the Australian Government Department of Education. The first half (about 40 pages) focuses on AI while the latter half (another 40 pages) focuses on virtual and augmented reality (the rest consists of Appendices). You can read a summary here. The authors define...
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Aug 19, 2019 From Statistics Canada: "first version of the Open Database of Educational Facilities (ODEF), which contains approximately 20,000 records spanning all of Canada. The purpose of this initiative is to contribute to the creation of a detailed, comprehensive and open database of educational facilities in Canada." It lists everything from elementary schools to universities. There are some flaws; it's all in lower case, and the 'institution type' field...
11h
Characterising antibody kinetics from multiple influenza infection and vaccination events in ferrets
by James A. Hay, Karen Laurie, Michael White, Steven Riley The strength and breadth of an individual’s antibody repertoire is an important predictor of their response to influenza infection or vaccination. Although progress has been made in understanding qualitatively how repeated exposures shape the antibody mediated immune response, quantitative under standing remains limited. We developed a set of mathematical models describing short-term antibody kinetics following influenza infection or vaccination...
1h
AbstractAplastic anemia (AA) has been reported to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but mostly with ulcerative colitis (UC). Little is known about the associations between AA and Crohn ’s disease (CD). We aim to determine the portraits of patients with AA-CD. Among a total of 657 patients with CD registered in Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases IBD center from January 2008 to October 2018, the patients diagnosed with concurrent AA were reviewed. Clinical presentation, medical...
7h
Normally, each month when new issues of journals are opened or scanned online, there can be an element of excitement together with an element of trepidation. The latter can stem from complicated tables concerning obscure genes that govern inflammatory pathways that interact with bacteria, tedious immunologic data, and metabolic novelties that boggle the mind. However, in this issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Overwater et al1 have provided us with a breath of fresh air. (Source: Gastrointestinal...
7h
AbstractMHC class I-related chain A (MICA) is one of the major ligands for natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D), which is an activating NK receptor. MICA is expressed on the surface of human epithelial tumor cells, and its shedding from tumor cells leads to immunosuppression. To activate immune response in the tumor microenvironment, we designed an anti-VEGFR2 –MICA bispecific antibody (JZC01), consisting of MICA and an anti-VEGFR2 single chain antibody fragment (JZC00) and explored its potential...
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. (Source: Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics)
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AbstractInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common manifestation of systemic autoimmune diseases and a leading cause of death in these patients. A proportion of patients with autoimmune ILDs develop a progressive fibrosing form of ILD, characterized by increasing fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography, worsening of lung function, and early mortality. Autoimmune disease –related ILDs have a variable clinical course and not all patients will require treatment, but all patients should be monitored...
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ConclusionOverall, this study addresses the heterogeneity of AD by characterizing subsets of AD based on allergen sensitization. It also demonstrates the differential systemic inflammation and S. aureus-specific antibody responses associated with the allergenic endotypes. These unique proteomic signatures may be valuable for precise disease characterization and subsequent personalized treatment. (Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice)
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ConclusionsThe benefits of FENO-based management are attenuated among obese mothers and those with excess GWG, indicating the importance of weight management in contributing to improved asthma management in pregnancy. (Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice)
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Publication date: Available online 17 August 2019Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeAuthor(s): Melissa D. Gans, Carlos A. Saavedra-Matiz, Larry Bernstein (Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice)
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ConclusionsBCMA is profoundly reduced in severe PAD, including CVID, XLA and subjects with IgG < 600 mg/dL. sBCMA measurement has potential to augment clinical evaluation of PAD. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate sBCMA for new PAD diagnosis and determining necessity of IRT. (Source: The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice)MedWorm Message: If you are looking to buy something in the January Sales please visit TheJanuarySales.com for a directory of all the best sales...
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AbstractThe exact etiology and pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis (CP/CPPS) remain unclear. However, autoimmunity is a widely known theory. Precise treatment of CP/CPPS is not available. Here, we developed a new effective treatment method to prevent the occurrence of CP/CPPS. A total of 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10):i.e., naive, model, high-dose (500 μg/ml), and low-dose (50 μg/ml) groups. High-dose and low-dose groups were orally given 0.4 ml of T2-containing...
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AbstractInterleukin 33 (IL-33) is an alarmin with multiple roles in immunity and cell homeostasis, highly expressed in barrier sites, actingvia the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 receptor (ST2). Production of IL-33 and soluble ST2 (sST2), a decoy receptor for IL-33, has been implicated in several pulmonary diseases, but both have been scarcely investigated in pleural diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of IL-33 and sST2 in transudative (TrPEs), malignant (MPEs), and parapneumonic...
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AbstractEscitalopram, a drug of choice in the treatment of depression, was recently shown to possess an anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of escitalopram on peripheral inflammatory cascades in iodoacetamide-induced colitis associated with depressive behavior in ovariectomized rats. Moreover, the role of α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in mediating the anti-colitic effect of escitalopram was examined using a nicotinic receptor antagonist methyllycaconitine...
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Advanced cholangiocarcinoma especially those involving the vasculature have extremely limited options of cure. Ex situ liver resection entails performing a total hepatectomy, resecting the tumour on the back-table followed by reimplantation (autotransplantation) of the liver. Application of this technique for these tumours has rarely been done due to complexity of the procedure and the dismal prognosis of the lesions. We present our experience of two cases of advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma...
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