Nature Communications, Published online: 03 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11724-6Mating between first or second-degree relatives is prohibited in most countries, yet it occurs and is under-studied. Here, Yengo et al. use large runs of homozygosity from the UK Biobank resource to provide DNA-based quantification of extreme inbreeding and its consequence for health and other complex traits.
Tue Sep 03, 2019 03:00
Mon Sep 02, 2019 19:18
Radiosensitizing effects of trabectedin on human A549 lung cancer cells and HT-29 colon cancer cells
Summary Background and Purpose Trabectedin is a unique alkylating agent with promising effects against a range of solid tumors. In this study, we aimed to examine the cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of trabectedin on two human epithelial tumor cell lines in vitro, and its effects on DNA repair capacity. Methods Cancer cells (A549: human lung cancer cells, HT-29: colon cancer cells) were treated with either trabectedin alone for the determination of their growth, or in combination...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 03:00
Effective heart-sparing whole lung irradiation using volumetric modulated arc therapy: a case report
Late cardiovascular disease-related adverse events are one of the most common causes of premature mortality among long-term survivors of childhood cancer. As it is difficult to reduce the heart dose with tradi...
Mon Sep 02, 2019 03:00
As an anode material, Mg holds immense promise for post Li‐ion battery energy storage applications. One critical challenge that limits its utilization is the incompatibility between the anode and the cathode chemistry. This issue may be addressed by separating the anolyte and the catholyte with a membrane that only allows for Mg 2+ transport but blocks the solvent and/or the counterions. A potential material choice for this purpose is metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). Here we report the use of Mg‐MOF‐74...
Mon Sep 02, 2019 16:59
Supramolecular gels often become destabilized by transition of the gelator into a more stable crystalline phase, yet relatively long timescale and sporadic localization of the crystalline phase typically preclude persistent observation of this process. Here, we present a pentapeptide gel–crystal phase transition amenable for continuous visualization and quantification by common microscopic methods, allowing the extraction of kinetics and visualization of the intricate dynamics of gel–crystal phase...
Mon Sep 02, 2019 17:01
Plating battery electrodes typically deliver higher specific capacity values than insertion or conversion electrodes because the ion charge carriers represent the sole electrode active mass, and a host electrode is unnecessary. However, unlike metals, reversible plating electrodes are rare for electronically insulating nonmetals. Here, we present a highly reversible iodine plating cathode that operates on the redox couples of I 2 /[ZnI x (OH 2 ) 4‐x ] 2‐x in a “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte....
Mon Sep 02, 2019 17:03
Photothermal therapy at NIR‐II biowindow (1000‐1350 nm) is drawing increasing interest because of its large penetration depth and maximum permissible exposure. Herein, we demonstrated the use of supramolecular radical dimer, fabricated by N,N’‐dimethylated dipyridinium thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole radical cation (MPT •+ ) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), to achieve strong absorption at NIR‐II biowindow. The supramolecular radical dimer (2MPT •+ ‐CB[8]) showed highly efficient photothermal conversion and...
Mon Sep 02, 2019 17:54
Hypervalent organoiodane reagents are ubiquitous in organic synthesis, both as oxidants and as electrophilic group transfer agents. In addition to these hallmark applications, a complementary strategy is gaining momentum that exploits the ability of λ 3 ‐iodanes to undergo iodine‐to‐arene group transfer, e.g. via iodonio‐Claisen‐type rearrangement processes. This Minireview discusses recent advances in the use of this method to access a variety of the C‐H functionalized iodoarenes. While Section...
Mon Sep 02, 2019 20:59
Inverse electron‐demand Diels‐Alder cycloadditions (iEDDAC) between tetrazines and strained alkenes/alkynes have emerged as essential tools for studying and manipulating biomolecules. Here we report a light‐triggered version of iEDDAC (photo‐iEDDAC) that confers spatio‐temporal control to bioorthogonal labeling in vitro and in cellulo. We have designed a cyclopropenone‐caged dibenzoannulated bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne probe (photo‐DMBO) that is unreactive towards tetrazines before light‐activation, but...
Mon Sep 02, 2019 21:00
To promote the development of solid‐state batteries, polymer, oxide, and sulfide‐based solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) have been extensively investigated. However, the disadvantages of these SSEs, such as high‐temperature sintering of oxides, air instability of sulfides, and narrow electrochemical windows of polymers electrolytes, significantly hinder their practical application. Therefore, developing SSEs that spontaneously possesses high ionic conductivity (>10‐3 S cm‐1 ), good‐air stability,...
Mon Sep 02, 2019 21:23
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has been widely used for studying dynamic processes in biological systems such as protein‐protein interactions and other signaling events. Aside from being used as reporter, BRET can also act as a switch to turn on functions in living systems. Herein, we report the application of BRET to perform a biorthogonal reaction in living cells: releasing functional molecules via energy transfer to a coumarin molecule, a process termed bioluminolysis. An efficient...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:00
The search for main‐group element‐based radicals is one of the main research topics in contemporary chemistry because of their fascinating chemical and physical properties. The Group 15 element‐centered radicals mainly feature a V‐shaped two coordinate structure, with a couple of radical cations featuring trigonal tricoordinated geometry. In this work, we successfully synthesized nontrigonal compounds R3E (E = P, As and Sb) by introducing a new rigid tris‐amide ligand. The selective one‐electron...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:01
“The secret of being a successful scientist is to contribute results that benefit humanity. My biggest inspiration is to develop an idea which can come true …” Find out more about Ru‐Shi Liu in his Author Profile.
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:49
Magic moments: Upon irradiation, the easily accessible indanone 1 (4 steps, 57 %) was converted in a single step into complex tetracyclic product 2, which contains all of the carbon atoms of the protoilludane skeleton. Compound 2 served to synthesize atlanticone C (3), and was shown to be a useful intermediate for the synthesis of other protilludanes. Abstract In a single photochemical operation (λ≥350 nm) an easily accessible indanone derivative was converted into a structurally complex precursor...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:49
Light fantastic: By applying right (RCP) or left (LCP) circularly polarized light to racemic samples of 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL) coated onto achiral glass substrates, preferential desorption of enantiomers can be achieved, thereby providing contamination‐free enantioenrichment. There are no known mechanisms for this phenomenon, and a simplified phenomenological model suggests that the contribution of quantum mechanical processes should be revisited. Abstract The interest in enantioseparation...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:49
Black liquor, an industrial waste product of paper‐making, is primarily used as a low‐grade combustible energy source. Herein, the successful preparation of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) using black liquor as a precursor is reported. The obtained GQDs display excellent photoluminescence down‐ and up‐conversion activity which are exploited to improve the photocatalytic H2O and CO2 reduction activities of TiO2. Abstract Black liquor, an industrial waste product of papermaking, is primarily used...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:50
You're the antenna: A conjugated polymeric supramolecular network with aggregation‐induced emission enhancement has been developed as an excellent light‐harvesting system with an unprecedented antenna effect (35.9 in solution and 90.4 in solid film). Moreover, the emission of this network could be tuned, reaching 96 % sRGB area. Abstract Superior artificial light‐harvesting systems (ALHSs) require exceptional capacity in harvesting light and transferring energy. In this work, we report a novel...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:51
On the surface: Potential‐responsive surfaces are used to control cell adhesion and release, as well as stem cell differentiation. The cell adhesion can be modulated dynamically by applying a negative and positive potential to surfaces functionalized with specific molecular structures. This process alters cell morphology and ultimately defines the behavior and fate of the cells. Abstract In living systems, interfacial molecular interactions control many biological processes. New stimuli‐responsive...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:51
Droplets in droplets: A droplet‐microfluidic assay is developed to probe the kinetics of nucleation, growth, and coarsening during the formation of synthetic membraneless organelles by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cell‐like compartments. This tool allows the investigation of the mechanisms that control the dynamics of cellular compartmentalization in space and time. Abstract Cells can form membraneless organelles by liquid–liquid phase separation. As these organelles are highly...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:53
A variety of fused heterocycles are obtained from easily accessible ortho‐bromophenol and aniline precursors by intramolecular coupling of two C(sp3)−H bonds, enabled by 1,4‐Pd shift from a trisubstituted aryl bromide. Unlike most C(sp3)−C(sp3) cross‐dehydrogenative couplings, this reaction operates under redox‐neutral conditions, with the C−Br bond acting as an internal oxidant. Abstract The intramolecular coupling of two C(sp3)−H bonds to forge a C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond is enabled by 1,4‐Pd shift...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:53
A conjugated coordination polymer for sodium‐ion batteries is presented. The chemical states of the obtained coordination polymer are clearly revealed, indicating that the electrochemical process undergoes a three‐electron reaction and the structure transforms from C=N double bonds and NiII to C−N single bonds and NiI, respectively. Furthermore, the discharged electrodes (NiI) can be used as quasi‐single‐atom catalyst in Negishi cross‐coupling. Abstract π‐d Conjugated coordination polymers...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 11:55
Targeting defined histone protein sites in chromatin is an emerging therapeutic approach that can potentially be enhanced by allosteric effects within the nucleosome. Here we characterized a novel hetero‐bimetallic compound with a design based on a nucleosomal allostery effect observed earlier for two unrelated drugs— the Ru(II) antimetastasis/antitumour RAPTA‐T and the Au(I) anti‐arthritic auranofin. The Ru(II) moiety binds specifically to two H2A glutamate residues on the nucleosome acidic patch,...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:29
Due to their ubiquity in nature and frequent use in organic electronic materials, benzothiophenes are highly sought after. Here we set out an unprecedented procedure for the formation of benzothiophenes via the dual vicinal C–H functionalization of arenes that does not require metal catalysis. This one‐pot annulation proceeds through an interrupted Pummerer reaction/[3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement/cyclization sequence to deliver various benzothiophene products. The procedure is particularly effective...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 17:46
Films fabricated from a donor–acceptor molecule consisting of an oligothiophene‐substituted benzodithiophene unit and a fullerene butyric acid methyl ester display a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.22 % for molecular single‐component organic solar cells. This work underlines a new strategy for the design high‐performance single‐component photovoltaic materials. Abstract A new balanced donor–acceptor molecule, namely, benzodithiophene (BDT)‐rhodanine‐[6,6]‐phenyl‐C71 butyric acid...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 18:18
Cascade reactions: A nanomedicine that consists of a pH‐responsive polymer and polyprodrug, which is responsive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been developed. This nanomedicine can achieve enhanced antitumor efficacy by the cascade of ROS generation and drug release, which is promising for chemo/chemodynamic combination cancer therapy. Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be used not only as a therapeutic agent for chemodynamic therapy (CDT), but also as a stimulus to activate...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 18:18
Thionitrous acid (HSNO), the smallest S‐nitrosothiol, is emerging as a potential key intermediate in cellular redox regulation linking two signaling molecules H 2 S and NO. However, the chemical biology of HSNO remains poorly understood. A major hurdle is the lack of methods for selective detection of HSNO in biological systems. Here we report the rational design, synthesis, and evaluation of the first fluorescent probe TAP‐1 for HSNO detection. TAP‐1 showed high selectivity and sensitivity to...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 20:59
Despite the strain… The methylidyne (CH) radical reacted with allene (CH2CCH2) and methylacetylene (CH3CCH) to form the simplest member of the fulvene class—triafulvene—in the gas phase under single‐collision conditions (see scheme). The reaction mechanisms uncovered by experiment and computation are most relevant to the combustion and astrochemical regimes Abstract The triafulvene molecule (c‐C4H4)—the simplest representative of the fulvene family—has been synthesized for the first time in...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 22:00
Abstract: In this work, we report a peculiar radical polymerization reactions where oxygen serves as a cocatalyst, alongside triethylamine, to provide activation with light in the far‐red (690 nm, 3 mW/cm 2 ) of the PET‐RAFT process in the presence of zinc(II) (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐octaethyl‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin) as photocatalyst. In addition to the ability to exert temporal control by switching the light on or off, this system possesses the exciting capability of inducing temporal...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 22:26
Two‐dimensional (2D) carbon nanofilm with uniform artificial nanopores is an ideal material to ultimately suppress the fuel permeation in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Graphdiyne has great mechanical strength, high dimensional stability, and controllable nanopores, and holds a bright prospect to play this crucial role. It is found that graphdiyne nanofilm with amino groups and natural nanopores can be easily prepared with high integrity. The aminated graphdiyne has good compatibility with...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 22:26
The social anatomy of debt is explored in a Dominican fishing town. The welcome committee at Monte Cristi’s fishermen’s wharf at dusk. Kyrstin Mallon Andrews“Fish are gold here,” the diver fisherman whispered to me as we stood above the wharf, watching the theater of arrival below. As boats come into port in Monte Cristi—a historic Dominican fishing town—crowds of friends, colleagues and fishmongers gather to greet them, either hoping to score a few pounds of conch, lobster, and fish, or—in the...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 16:00
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