- Improved Detection of Benign and Malignant Rib Lesions in the Routine Computed Tomography Workup of Oncological Patients Using Automated Unfolded Rib Image PostprocessingObjective The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the automated computed tomography (CT) postprocessing software unfolded rib images for improved detection of both benign and malignant rib lesions during routine diagnostic workup of oncological patients. Materials and Methods One thousand eight in-patients and out-patients (63.66 ± 14.25 years; range, 18.67–95.67 years; 405 females and 603 males), undergoing chest CT betw
- Increased T1 Signal Intensity of the Anterior Pituitary Gland on Unenhanced Magnetic Resonance Images After Chronic Exposure to GadodiamideObjective The aim of this study was to assess the signal intensity of the anterior pituitary (AP) gland on unenhanced T1-weighted images in patients with history of serial intravenous injections of gadodiamide and normal renal function. Materials and Methods We included 53 patients who had undergone at least 5 injections of gadodiamide and a control group of 15 subjects who underwent at least 5 brain magnetic resonance imaging without gad
- Impact on child and parent anxiety level of a teddy bear-scale mock magnetic resonance scannerAbstract Background Pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be stressful. Mock MR scanners have been proven to be effective in avoiding the use of general anesthesia. Objectives We prospectively evaluated the impact of a teddy bear-scale model of a mock MR scanner on the anxiety experienced by pare
- Ventromedial prefrontal cortex contributes to performance success by controlling reward-driven arousal representation in amygdalaPublication date: 15 November 2019Source: NeuroImage, Volume 202Author(s): Noriya Watanabe, Jamil P. Bhanji, Hiroki C. Tanabe, Mauricio R. DelgadoAbstractWhen preparing for a challenging task, potential rewards can cause physiological arousal that may impair performance. In this case, it is important to control reward-driven arousal while preparing for task execution. We recently examined neural representations of physiological arousal and potent
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- Inhibition of Synovial Macrophage Pyroptosis Alleviates Synovitis and Fibrosis in Knee OsteoarthritisIncreasing evidence has shown that macrophage pyroptosis in different tissues participates in chronic aseptic inflammation and is related to tissue fibrosis. Our last studies also revealed the vital role of synovial fibroblast pyroptosis in the onset and development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether synovial macrophage pyroptosis did occur and whether this form of cell death should be related to synoviti
- Pattern Recognition Receptor-Mediated Chronic Inflammation in the Development and Progression of Obesity-Related Metabolic DiseasesObesity-induced chronic inflammation is known to promote the development of many metabolic diseases, especially insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. Pattern recognition receptor-mediated inflammation is an important determinant for the initiation and progression of these metabolic diseases. Here, we review the major features of the current understanding with respect to obesity-relate
- circRNA CDR1as Regulated the Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells under a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory ConditioncircRNA CDR1as (CDR1as) has been demonstrated to play important roles in a variety of inflammation-related diseases by acting as miRNA sponges. The present study is aimed at investigating the potential roles of CDR1as in the proliferation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under an inflammatory condition induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were isolated from
- Bacteriophages: Uncharacterized and Dynamic Regulators of the Immune SystemThe human gut is an extremely active immunological site interfacing with the densest microbial community known to colonize the human body, the gut microbiota. Despite tremendous advances in our comprehension of how the gut microbiota is involved in human health and interacts with the mammalian immune system, most studies are incomplete as they typically do not consider bacteriophages. These bacterial viruses are estimated to be as numerous as the
- Enhanced Activity by NKCC1 and Slc26a6 Mediates Acidic pH and Cl− Movement after Cardioplegia-Induced Arrest of db/db Diabetic HeartDiabetic heart dysfunctions during cardiac surgeries have revealed several clinical problems associated with ion imbalance. However, the mechanism of ion imbalance mediated by cardioplegia and a diabetic heart is largely unclear. We hypothesized that ion transporters might be regulated differently in the diabetic heart and that the differentially regulated ion transporters may involve in ion imbalance of the diabetic heart after cardioplegic arre
- Fractional anisotropy of the optic radiations correlates with the visual field after epilepsy surgeryAbstract Purpose This study assessed whether optic radiations (OR) microstructure after temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) surgery correlated with visual field defects (VFD). Methods Patients were subjected to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography of the OR and Humphrey perimetry after TLE surgery. We use
- Task-based fMRI of a free-viewing visuo-saccadic network in the marmoset monkeyPublication date: 15 November 2019Source: NeuroImage, Volume 202Author(s): David J. Schaeffer, Kyle M. Gilbert, Yuki Hori, Lauren K. Hayrynen, Kevin D. Johnston, Joseph S. Gati, Ravi S. Menon, Stefan EverlingAbstractSaccadic tasks are often used to index aberrations of cognitive function in patient populations, with several neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders characterized by saccadic dysfunction. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) ha
- Differential Diagnosis of Nonhypervascular Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms From Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas, Based on Computed Tomography Radiological Features and Texture AnalysisPublication date: Available online 5 September 2019Source: Academic RadiologyAuthor(s): Haopeng Yu, Zixing Huang, Mou Li, Yi Wei, Lin Zhang, Chengmin Yang, Yongchang Zhang, Bin SongRationale and ObjectivesTo determine computed tomography (CT) radiological features and texture features that are rewarding in differentiating nonhypervascular pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs).Materials and Met
- Contrast Enhanced Digital Mammography (CEDM) Helps to Safely Reduce Benign Breast Biopsies for Low to Moderately Suspicious Soft Tissue LesionsPublication date: Available online 5 September 2019Source: Academic RadiologyAuthor(s): Margarita L. Zuley, Andriy I. Bandos, Gordon S. Abrams, Marie A. Ganott, Terri-Ann Gizienski, Christiane M. Hakim, Amy E. Kelly, Bronwyn E. Nair, Jules H. Sumkin, Uzma Waheed, David GurRationale and ObjectivesTo preliminarily asses if Contrast Enhanced Digital Mammography (CEDM) can accurately reduce biopsy rates for soft tissue BI-RADS 4A or 4B lesions.Mater
- Diagnostic accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging in differentiating malignant from benign compressed vertebraeAbstract Purpose To study diagnostic accuracy of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in differentiating malignant from benign compressed vertebrae. Methods This study was done on 43 patients with compressed vertebrae on conventional magnetic resonance study that underwent DTI. The mean diffusivity (MD) and fra
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