Background:Whether the benefits of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outweigh its bleeding harms in some patients is unclear.Objective:To identify persons without CVD for whom aspirin would probably result in a net benefit.Design:Individualized benefit–harm analysis based on sex-specific risk scores and estimates of the proportional effect of aspirin on CVD and major bleeding from a 2019 meta-analysis.Setting:New Zealand primary care.Participants:245 028 persons (43.6%...
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Background:Administering antimicrobial agents before obtaining blood cultures could potentially decrease time to treatment and improve outcomes, but it is unclear how this strategy affects diagnostic sensitivity.Objective:To determine the sensitivity of blood cultures obtained shortly after initiation of antimicrobial therapy in patients with severe manifestations of sepsis.Design:Patient-level, single-group, diagnostic study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01867905)Setting:7 emergency departments in North...
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Selak and colleagues have reported a benefit–harm model to predict personalized benefits and bleeding harms from aspirin when used for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The editorialist discusses this model and its application to clinical practice in light of other conflicting evidence.
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The time taken to obtain blood cultures before administering antibiotics could contribute to a delay in the treatment of sepsis. Cheng and colleagues examined whether antibiotics can be administered before cultures are drawn without decreasing their yield. The editorialists discuss the findings and the need for diagnostic strategies that optimize both the timeliness and appropriateness of sepsis therapy.
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The development of cost‐effective, high‐performance electrocatalysts toward ambient nitrogen fixation is crucial to the industrial‐scale ammonia synthesis. Herein, we report on a conceptually new, metal‐free electrocatalyst, i.e., black phosphorus (BP), which is further downsized to quantum dots (QDs) for larger surface areas, and thus, more active sites than the bulk form. However, BP QDs are prone to agglomeration, which inevitably results in the loss of active sites. Besides, their poor conductivity...
Sun Sep 15, 2019 20:26
Thermal quenching of photoluminescence represents a significant obstacle to practical applications such as lighting, display and photovoltaics. Herein, a novel strategy is established to enhance upconversion luminescence at elevated temperatures based on the use of negative thermal expansion host materials. Lanthanide‐doped orthorhombic Yb2W3O12 crystals are synthesized and characterized by in‐situ X‐ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The thermally induced contraction and distortion...
Sun Sep 15, 2019 21:05
We have constructed a two‐step template‐free approach toward monolithic materials with controlled trimodal porous structures with macro‐, meso‐, and micropores. Our methodology relies on two different ordering processes in discrete length scales; (1) Spontaneous formation of macroporous structures in monolithic materials via the sol‐gel process through the short‐range ordered self‐assembly of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and (2) reorganization of the framework structures in a mediator solution....
Sun Sep 15, 2019 21:09
Rechargeable sodium batteries are receiving increasing attention as potential technology for large‐scale energy storage systems owing to the abundant nature and low cost of Na. Replacing the commonly used nonaqueous liquid electrolytes with polymer solid electrolyte s, is expected to provide new opportunities to develop safer batteries with higher energy densities. However, this poses scientific challenges, specifically related to the interface between the Na‐metal anode and polymer electrolyte...
Sun Sep 15, 2019 21:11
Sodium metal anode with a high theoretical capacity of 1166 mAh g ‐1 has attracted broad attentions for building up next‐generation sodium metal batteries with high energy densities. Despite recent efforts to stabilize sodium metal anode and prevent dendrite formation, achieving long cycle life with high areal capacities, e.g., 10 mAh cm ‐2 , remains extremely difficult due to a combination of complex failure modes that involve retardant uneven sodium nucleation and subsequent dendrites...
Sun Sep 15, 2019 21:12
d-Mannose and l-ribose are two important monosaccharides, which have attracted public attention recently because of their great application potentials in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Sugar isomer...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 03:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06926
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08731
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08663
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07984
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08030
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07243
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08257
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06689
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06652
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07431
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06755
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06080
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07645
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08504
Mon Sep 16, 2019 07:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 17 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0577-4Reply to Comments on: “Preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia: a prospective clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of a scalp cooling system in early breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines.”
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 17 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0570-yAnti-PD-1 antibodies offer potentially life-saving treatment for some cancer patients, but their chronic administration generates high and ever-increasing costs. Despite licensing for long-term use, optimal treatment duration is unknown. We challenge the need for long-term treatment duration, using evidence from melanoma research, both published and in process.
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 17 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0576-5Comment on: “Preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia: a prospective clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of a scalp-cooling system in early breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines”
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 17 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0575-6Negative plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA nasopharyngeal carcinoma in an endemic region and its influence on liquid biopsy screening programmes
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Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetic tumor predisposition syndromes in humans. Mutant NF1 results in dysregulated RAS allowing neoplasms throughout the neuroaxis. Plexiform neurofibromas (pNFs) afflict up to 50% of patients with NF1. They are complex tumors of the peripheral nerve that cause major morbidity via nerve dysregulation and mortality via conversion to malignant sarcoma. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of NF1 provide valuable insights for the identification...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 16:58
Inhibitors targeting BRAF and its downstream kinase MEK produce robust response in patients with advanced BRAFV600 mutant melanoma. However, the duration and depth of response vary significantly between patients, therefore predicting response a priori remains a significant challenge. Here, we utilized the Novartis collection of patient-derived xenografts to characterize transcriptional alterations elicited by BRAF and MEK inhibitors in vivo, in an effort to identify mechanisms governing differential...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 16:58
The transcription factor SOX18, which was initially discovered as an activator of genetic transcription during embryogenesis, is now implicated in many diseases, including cancer, and is associated with the malignant tumor phenotype, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis. However, the role of SOX18 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is not well understood. In the current study, SOX18 expression was evaluated in a 250-case cohort of primary ccRCC tissues that included 103 cases of matched normal...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 16:58
Facial plast SurgDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695723Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery (FPRS) training programs offer exceptional exposure to the most current techniques in the field. However, applicants have many factors to weigh when ranking programs. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that applicants believe to be the most critical when choosing an FPRS fellowship. This is an anonymous online survey of FPRS fellows between the years 2018 and 2020 (total 147). Respondents were asked...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 02:00
Facial plast SurgDOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1694029Clinicians employ various modalities in order to achieve temporal augmentation; however, no literature comprehensively describes these methods or provides perspective on available options. Understanding the available methodologies for cosmetic temporal augmentation allows for improved patient satisfaction with limited risk of complications. To synthesize the available literature on cosmetic temporal augmentation, including all available methodologies, patient...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 02:00
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