Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN00982E, PaperBaljit Singh, Evangelia Flampouri, Eithne DempseyA sensitive electrochemical immunoassay (e-ELISA) has been developed for the detection of the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode Ostertagia ostertagi (brown stomach worm) in infected and control serum samples. An antigen-indirect immunoassay...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01080G, PaperFilip Kunc, Vinod Balhara, Ying Sun, Malgosia Daroszewska, Zygmunt Jakubek, Myriam Hill, Andreas Brinkmann, Linda JohnstonThermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with evolved gas analysis-FTIR has been examined as a potential method to study the functional group content for surface modified silica nanoparticles. A comparison with a...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01395D, PaperLijia Zhang, Zhongbin Luo, Lingshan Su, Dianping TangAn innovative visible light-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensing system was reasonably established for the sensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by using perovskite metal oxide@gold nanoparticle heterostructures (BaTiO3/Au) as the photoactive...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Abstract Background The etiology of traumatic ulcerative granulomas with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is not clear, traumatic irritation having advocated as the most likely cause. TUGSEs are typically self-limiting slow-healing lesions of the oral mucosa with unclear pathogenesis, commonly manifesting as a rapidly developing, long-lasting ulcer. Case presentation...
Abstract Background Factors associated with increases in dental caries and changes in the family socioeconomic profile were investigated in a paediatric primary health care (PHC) cohort in Northeast Brazil during the implementation of social and income transfer programmes. Method A prospective analytical study compared data from two surveys...
Abstract Background In 2013, the national dental scaling insurance policy was introduced in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the policy on inequalities in dental scaling usage. Methods Data of a nationally representative sample of 1,517,097 people over the age of 20 were obtained from the 2010–2016 Community...
Abstract Background There is a paucity of population-based surveys on oral health conditions in Ecuador. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct an epidemiological survey with a representative sample of children aged 12 years from public schools of Quito, Ecuador. The aim of this initial report was to describe the methodology used in the survey, as well to present results regarding calibration procedures and prevalence of oral-health...
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Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Qiang Zhou, Lixing Li, Ying Chen, Jinyan Zhang, Lin Zhong, Zhihai Peng, Tonghai XingAbstractBackgroundVitamin D regulates the immune system and affects the outcome of allografts. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the preventative potential of vitamin D in acute cellular rejection (ACR) and infection, and determined its effects on the induction of both T cells and complement.MethodsA total of 141 patients...
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Lu Wang, Yi Zhang, Nannan Zhang, Jingen Xia, Qingyuan Zhan, Chen WangAbstractMechanical ventilation (MV) is an essential life-support technique, but it can induce ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying this fibrosis are largely unknown. Because excessive polarization of M2 macrophages has increasingly been cited as possible inciting factor for tissue...
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Beibei Liu, Xiaoling Deng, Qianqian Jiang, Guixin Li, Junli Zhang, Ning Zhang, Shengliang Xin, Keshu XuAbstractScoparone, a naturally-occurring, bioactive compound isolated from the Chinese herb Artemisia capillaria, has been shown to ameliorate hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in liver diseases. However, the pharmacological effect of scoparone in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has not been elucidated....
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Qin-Ying Li, Qiang Miao, Ruo-Xuan Sui, Liang Cao, Cun-Gen Ma, Bao-Guo Xiao, Wei Xiao, Wen-Bo YuAbstractAlthough several therapies are approved, none promote re-myelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, limiting their ability for sustained recovery. Thus, treatment development in MS has the opportunity to tackle the challenges, including experimental therapies targeting neuroprotection and re-myelination....
Publication date: October 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 75Author(s): Mahmoud Elshal, Nashwa Abu-Elsaad, Amr El-Karef, Tarek IbrahimAbstractAimsImmune mediated liver injury includes activation of different immune pathways that requires various modalities to control their consequences. The current study involves evaluation of retinoic acid (RA) modulatory effects on immune responses induced in concanavalin A (ConA) model of acute hepatitis.Main methodsMice were divided as follows:...
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Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019Source: Journal of Surgical EducationAuthor(s): Christopher G. Yheulon, William C. Cole, Justin J. Ernat, S. Scott DavisOBJECTIVEThere is a lack of literature describing how competitive surgical fellowships are, especially across specialties. Such information would be valuable to prospective candidates, especially as immediate postresidency subspecialty training becomes the norm for general surgery. Match-rates alone may be misleading indicators as...
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Journal of Surgical EducationAuthor(s): Heather E. Hoops, Karen E. Deveney, Karen J. BraselOBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to create an assessment tool to evaluate newly practicing surgeons.DESIGNIn this prospective mixed methods study, a needs assessment was performed by conducting focus groups with practicing general surgeons, asking questions regarding essential surgeon qualities, behaviors observed in inexperienced surgeons, current...
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Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Tina Cohnert, Peter Konstantiniuk
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Daniel Becker, Mathieu Béguin, Salome Weiss, Thomas R. Wyss, Jürg Schmidli, Vladimir MakaloskiObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes after in situ reconstruction using biological grafts in infected groin pseudoaneurysms in drug abusers.MethodsThis was a single centre retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing in situ reconstruction with biological vascular...
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Zhongzhi Jia
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Anne Lejay, Anne-Laure Charles, Isabelle Georg, Fabienne Goupilleau, Charline Delay, Samy Talha, Fabien Thaveau, Nabil Chakfé, Bernard GenyObjectivesThe current study was performed in order to determine the influence of hypercholesterolaemia on critical limb ischaemia (CLI) and whether targeting oxidative stress by antioxidant therapies such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), considered...
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular SurgeryAuthor(s): Christian-Alexander Behrendt, Maarit Venermo, Jack L. Cronenwett, Art Sedrakyan, Adam W. Beck, Jens Eldrup-Jorgensen, Kevin Mani, VASCUNET, the Vascular Quality Initiative and the International Consortium of Vascular Registries
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Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Radiotherapy and OncologyAuthor(s): Darren Zuro, Stefano Vagge, Sara Broggi, Stefano Agostinelli, Yutaka Takahashi, Jamison Brooks, Paulina Leszcynska, An Liu, Claudio Zucchetti, Simonetta Saldi, Chunhui Han, Mauro Cattaneo, Sebastian Giebel, Marc Andre Mahe, James F. Sanchez, Parham Alaei, Chiara Anna, Kathryn Dusenbery, Antonio Pierini, Guy StormeAbstractPurposeTotal marrow irradiation (TMI) is a highly conformal treatment of the human skeleton...
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Related ArticlesCharacterization of a novel separase-interacting protein and candidate new securin, Eip1p, in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Mol Biol Cell. 2019 Aug 14;:mbcE18110696 Authors: Sparapani S, Bachewich C Abstract Proper chromosome segregation is crucial for maintaining genomic stability, and dependent on separase, a conserved and essential cohesin protease. Securins are key regulators of separases, but remain elusive in many organisms...
Related ArticlesVezatin is Required for the Maturation of the Neuromuscular Synapse. Mol Biol Cell. 2019 Aug 14;:mbcE19060313 Authors: Koppel N, Friese MB, Cardasis HL, Neubert TA, Burden SJ Abstract Key genes, such as Agrin, Lrp4 and MuSK are required for the initial formation, subsequent maturation and long-term stabilization of mammalian neuromuscular synapses. Additional molecules are thought to function selectively during the evolution and stabilization...
Related ArticlesCell shape and intercellular adhesion regulate mitotic spindle orientation. Mol Biol Cell. 2019 Aug 14;:mbcE19040227 Authors: Li J, Cheng L, Jiang H Abstract Cell division orientation plays an essential role in tissue morphogenesis and cell fate decision. Recent studies showed that either cell shape or adhesion geometry can regulate the orientation of mitotic spindles, and thereby the cell division orientation. However, how they together...
Related ArticlesTemporal regulation of cell polarity via the interaction of the Ras GTPase Rsr1 and the scaffold protein Bem1. Mol Biol Cell. 2019 Aug 14;:mbcE19020106 Authors: Miller KE, Lo WC, Chou CS, Park HO Abstract The Cdc42 GTPase plays a central role in polarity development in species ranging from yeast to humans. In budding yeast, a specific growth site is selected in the G1 phase. Rsr1, a Ras GTPase, interacts with Cdc42 and its associated...
Related ArticlesDegradation of integral membrane proteins modified with the photo-sensitive degron module require the cytosolic endoplasmic-reticulum associated degradation pathway. Mol Biol Cell. 2019 Aug 14;:mbcE18120754 Authors: Scheffer J, Hasenjäger S, Taxis C Abstract Protein quality mechanisms are fundamental for proteostasis of eukaryotic cells. Endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) is a well-studied pathway that ensures quality...
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The red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans; RES) is often considered one of the world’s most invasive species. Results from laboratory and mesocosm experiments suggest that introduced RES outcompete native turtles for key ecological resources, but such experiments can overestimate the strength of competition. We report on the first field experiment with a wild turtle community, involving introduced RES and a declining native species of conservation concern, the western pond turtle (Emys...
Background We aimed to assess the factors influencing primary care physicians’ (PCPs) approach to adult vaccination in specific risk groups and evaluate the compliance to adult immunization guidelines. Methods This cross-sectional study performed between January 2016 and April 2016 in İstanbul, Turkey. A questionnaire designed to obtain physicians’ demographical data, experience, immunization status, and attitude on prescribing or recommending vaccines for adults in the risk group. Healthy...
Past phylogeographic work has shown Ligia hawaiensis, a coastal isopod species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, to be a paraphyletic complex of several highly genetically divergent yet morphologically cryptic lineages. Despite the need for a taxonomic revision of this species, the lack of morphological differentiation has proven an impediment to formally describe new Ligia species in the region. Molecular characters and species delimitation approaches have been successfully used to formally describe...
Background Lactobacillus spp. are common bacteria in the cervical and vaginal microbiota (CVM) and are thought to represent a “healthy” cervicovaginal state. Several studies have found an independent association between ethnicity/race and cervical and vaginal microbiota (CVM) composition. Women of sub-Saharan African descent appear to be significantly more likely to have non-Lactobacillus-dominated CVM compared to women of European descent. The factors contributing to these differences...
Uropeltid snakes (Family Uropeltidae) are non-venomous, fossorial snakes that are found above ground occasionally, during which time they are exposed to predation. Many species are brightly coloured, mostly on the ventral surface, but these colours are expected to have no function below the ground. Observations have shown that the cephalic resemblance (resemblance to heads) of uropeltid tails may direct attacks of predators towards the hardened tails, thereby potentially increasing handling times...
Ontogenetic sequences are relatively rare among dinosaurs, with Ceratopsia being one of the better represented clades, and especially among geologically earlier forms, such as Psittacosaurus. Psittacosaurus is a small, bipedal basal ceratopsian abundant in the Lower Cretaceous deposits of Asia, whose cranial and endocranial morphology has been well studied, but only cursory details have been published on the bones surrounding the brain. Using reconstructions created from micro-computed tomography...
For reefs in South East Asia the synergistic effects of rapid land development, insufficient environmental policies and a lack of enforcement has led to poor water quality and compromised coral health from increased sediment and pollution. Those inshore turbid coral reefs, subject to significant sediment inputs, may also inherit some resilience to the effects of thermal stress and coral bleaching. We studied the inshore turbid reefs near Miri, in northwest Borneo through a comprehensive assessment...
Background The Hailuogou Glacier is located at the Gongga Mountain on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and has retreated continuously as a result of global warming. The retreat of the Hailuogou Glacier has left behind a primary succession along soil chronosequences. Hailuogou Glacier’s retreated area provides an excellent living environment for the colonization of microbes and plants, making it an ideal model to explore plant successions, microbial communities, and the...
There is increasing evidence complex forest structure and tree diversity correlates positively with the productivity of forest ecosystems. However, there is little quantitative information regarding the effect of these factors on stand productivity of northern temperate coniferous forests of Mexico. This study aimed to test the hypothesis tree diversity and canopy structure positively associates with forest productivity. Parameterization of tree diversity, stand structure and productivity were carried...
The framework proposed by Ostrom (2009) has become one of the most utilized tools to address the complexity of social-ecological systems. Most cases use this framework to analyze the systems from the perspective of a single resource unit. However, the livelihoods in several coastal communities are diverse, so that the users interact with multiple common-pool resources, which makes their analysis difficult. In this sense, it is important to identify the key elements of management to achieve the sustainable...
Background Non-specific Lipid Transfer Proteins (nsLTPs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and constitute a superfamily of related proteins. Several hundreds of different nsLTP sequences—and counting—have been characterized so far, but their biological functions remain unclear. It has been clear for years that they present a certain interest for agronomic and nutritional issues. Deciphering their functions means collecting and analyzing a variety of data from gene sequence to protein...
Phlorotannins are primary and/or secondary metabolites found exclusively in brown seaweeds, but their geographic distribution and abundance dynamic are not very well understood. In this study we evaluated the phlorotannin concentrations among and within-species of brown seaweeds in a broad latitudinal context (range of 21°) along the Brazilian coast (Southwestern Atlantic), using the Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method. In almost all species (16 out of 17) very low phlorotannin concentrations were...
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Abstract Rationale Preclinical and clinical studies suggest the potential use of memantine in the treatment of binge eating disorder. The aim of this study was to further investigate the mechanisms by which memantine influences the motivational aspects of ingestion through the analysis of licking microstructure. To interpret treatment effects in relation to drug action at specific functionally relevant times, we compared the effect of...
Abstract Rationale Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized as a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and PD patients have non-motor features such as depressive symptoms. Although there are several available medications to treat PD symptoms, these medications do not prevent the progression of the disease. Objective (R)-ketamine has greater...
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Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019Source: Clinical TherapeuticsAuthor(s): Ching-Chi Lee, Chao-Yung Yang, Chung-Hsun Lee, Chih-Chia Hsieh, Ming-Yuan Hong, Hung-Jen Tang, Wen-Chien KoAbstractPurposeLevofloxacin is commonly prescribed to treat varied community-acquired gram-negative infections; knowledge of the therapeutic efficacies of high-dose (HD) administration is helpful to improve patient care.MethodsIn this 6-year cohort, adults with community-onset Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia...
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Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Autoimmunity ReviewsAuthor(s):
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Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*PhysicsAuthor(s): Ashwin Shinde, Dongyun Yang, Paul Frankel, An Liu, Chunhui Han, Bianca Del Vecchio, Timothy Schultheiss, Jonathan Cheng, Richard Li, Daniel Kim, Eric H. Radany, Susanta Hui, George Somlo, Joseph Rosenthal, Anthony Stein, Stephen Forman, Jeffrey Y.C. WongAbstractPurposeToxicities after organ sparing myeloablative total marrow irradiation (TMI) conditioning regimens have not...
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*PhysicsAuthor(s): Matthew P. Deek, Colburn Yu, Ryan Phillips, Daniel Y. Song, Curtiland Deville, Stephen Greco, Theodore L. DeWeese, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Mark Markowski, Channing Paller, Samuel Denmeade, Michael Carducci, Patrick C. Walsh, Kenneth J. Pienta, Mario Eisenberger, Phuoc T. TranAbstractPurposeThe use of radiotherapy (RT) in consolidating oligometastatic prostate cancer (OPCa)...
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*PhysicsAuthor(s): Xiaofeng Ding, Jingjing Cheng, Qingsong Pang, Xiaoying Wei, Ximei Zhang, Ping Wang, Zhiyong Yuan, Dong QianAbstractPurposeTelomerase is reactivated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and increases cell resistance to irradiation through protecting damaged telomeres and enhancing DNA damage repair. Herein, we investigated the radiosensitizing effect of BIBR1532, a highly...
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*PhysicsAuthor(s): Anna M.E. Bruynzeel, Shyama U. Tetar, Swie S. Oei, Suresh Senan, Cornelis J.A. Haasbeek, Femke O.B. Spoelstra, Anna H.M. Piet, Philip Meijnen, Marjolein A.B. Bakker van der Jagt, Tamara Fraikin, Berend J. Slotman, Reindert J.A. van Moorselaar, Frank J. LagerwaardAbstractPurposeUse of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is increasing in patients with localized prostate...
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*PhysicsAuthor(s): Jérôme Doyen, Danny Jazmati, Dirk Geismar, Sabine Frisch, Stefanie Schulze Schleithoff, Xavier Vermeren, Monika Scheer, Christoph Blase;, Stephan Tippelt, Beate TimmermannAbstractPurpose/Objective(s): The standard of care of childhood parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (pRMS) is chemotherapy and local radiotherapy. Protons are increasingly being used in order to decrease late...
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2019Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*PhysicsAuthor(s): Eunhae Cho, In Ja Park, Seung-Seop Yeom, Seung Mo Hong, Jung Bok Lee, Yeon Wook Kim, Mi-Ju Kim, Hye Min Lim, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon KimAbstractPurposeAlthough preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) is regarded as a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, there is no reliable biomarker for predicting responsiveness to PCRT. We aimed to develop...
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Related ArticlesProfessional identity measures for student health professionals - a systematic review of psychometric properties. BMC Med Educ. 2019 Aug 13;19(1):308 Authors: Matthews J, Bialocerkowski A, Molineux M Abstract BACKGROUND: Professional identity is critical to the safe and effective clinical practice of all health professions. University programs play an important role in the formation of professional identity of students, and so it essential...
Related ArticlesThree zones of cultural competency: surface competency, bias twilight, and the confronting midnight zone. BMC Med Educ. 2019 Aug 13;19(1):306 Authors: Jowsey T Abstract BACKGROUND: Regulatory authorities in healthcare are authorised to develop and assess the cultural competence of their professionals. There remains significant diversity on approaches to cultural competency training and assessment. Little evidence exists about whether...
Related ArticlesPain curricula across healthcare professions undergraduate degrees: a cross-sectional study in Catalonia, Spain. BMC Med Educ. 2019 Aug 13;19(1):307 Authors: Miró J, Castarlenas E, Solé E, Martí L, Salvat I, Reinoso-Barbero F Abstract BACKGROUND: Pain management is a challenge and effective treatment requires professionals to collaborate if they are to address the needs of patients with pain. Comprehensive education and training is key...
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Related ArticlesThe Food and Drug Addiction Epidemic: Targeting Dopamine Homeostasis. Curr Pharm Des. 2018 02 12;23(39):6050-6061 Authors: Blum K, Thanos PK, Wang GJ, Febo M, Demetrovics Z, Modestino EJ, Braverman ER, Baron D, Badgaiyan RD, Gold MS Abstract Obesity is damaging the lives of more than 300 million people worldwide and maintaining a healthy weight using popular weight loss tactics remains a very difficult undertaking. Managing the obesity...
Related ArticlesInteraction of opioid growth factor (OGF) and opioid antagonist and their significance in cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019 Aug 09;75:105785 Authors: Wang R, Zhang Y, Shan F Abstract Endogenous opioids are neuro-peptides with multifunctional properties. Historically, opioids are used to mediate pain; however, excess opiate consumption can lead to addiction. One endogenous opioid, methionine enkephalin (MENK), was reported to modulate...
Related ArticlesModulation of lipid fluidity likely contributes to the fructose/xylitol-induced acceleration of epidermal permeability barrier recovery. Arch Dermatol Res. 2019 May;311(4):317-324 Authors: Umino Y, Ipponjima S, Denda M Abstract We previously showed that topical application of hexoses such as fructose accelerates barrier recovery after disruption. We also showed that various hexoses and polyols interact with phospholipid and alter the...
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Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Jeroen Molleman, Jarl F. Tielemans, Marjorie J.I. Braam, Berber Weitenberg, Richard KochAbstractBackgroundThe administration of local anaesthetics is considered the most unpleasant part of office-based surgery. Many procedural and pharmacological strategies have been developed to minimize pain. In children and adolescents, distraction has been demonstrated to be an effective...
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Andrés A. Maldonado, Robert J. Spinner, Johannes Frank, Michael SauerbierAbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have described a segment of the axillary nerve (AN) that cannot be surgically explored through the deltopectoral and posterior surgical open approaches (blind zone). We present the first two cases using an endoscopic assisted approach to explore the AN through a posterior...
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Raffaele Rauso, Fabrizio Chirico, Luigi Rugge, Gianpaolo Tartaro
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): S. Sepehripour, B.S. Dheansa
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Maxime Abellan Lopez, Baptiste Bertrand, Aurélie Daumas, Dominique Casanova, Jérémy Magalon, Florence Sabatier
Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Mr Ankur Khajuria, Professor Afshin Mosahebi
Publication date: Available online 13 August 2019Source: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic SurgeryAuthor(s): Liu Shuo, Liu Lingjun, Wang Hang
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Nature Communications, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11563-5Publisher Correction: ER stress-induced mediator C/EBP homologous protein thwarts effector T cell activity in tumors through T-bet repression
Nature Communications, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11610-1DICER is involved in the processing of miRNAs, where the RNase IIIa and IIIb domains are thought to cut the 3p and 5p hairpin arms, respectively. Here, in endometrial cancer, the authors identify an RNase IIIa mutation, which phenocopies mutations in the RNase IIIb domain.
Nature Communications, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11504-2Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) encode the master repressor Stl and after bacteriophage infection Stl interacts with specific phage proteins leading to a derepression of SaPIs. Here the authors provide structural insights into this family of repressors by determining the crystal structures of SaPIbov1 Stl alone and in complex with two structurally unrelated phage dUTPases.
Nature Communications, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11596-wAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common pediatric disease leading to spinal deformities. Here, the authors report GWAS followed by genome-wide meta-analysis in up to 79,211 Japanese individuals, identifying 20 genetic loci for AIS, 14 of which were previously unreported, and perform in vitro validation for rs1978060.
Nature Communications, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11424-1Math and reading have shared cognitive components; here authors examined what are shared and dissociated neural substrates of these tasks. They find that dissociated regions and white matter sub-bundles within fascicles support adding and reading, suggesting parallel processing in the brain.
Nature Communications, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11624-9Functionalising ketones at the γ-position is not a trivial synthetic task. Here, the authors developed a copper-catalyzed dehydrogenative γ-amination of saturated ketones, which can then participate in a 3-component coupling reaction to construct polysubstituted anilines.
Nature Communications, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11683-ySemaphorin-plexin interactions regulate various developmental processes in Drosophila but the structural basis of these signaling events is unclear. Here, the authors present crystal structures of all Drosophila class 1 and 2 semaphorins, and elucidate determinants for their plexin binding specificities.
Nature Communications, Published online: 15 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11592-0Salmonella Typhi produces the typhoid toxin. Here, Fowler et al. show that S. Typhi produces two forms of typhoid toxin that are differentially regulated and display different trafficking properties and different effects when administered to laboratory animals.
Nature Communications, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11689-6Author Correction: A split fluorescent reporter with rapid and reversible complementation
Nature Communications, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11679-8How the water use efficiency of trees changes with atmospheric CO2 variations has mostly been studied on short time scales. Here, a newly compiled data set covering 1915 to 1995 shows how rates of change in water use efficiency vary with location and rainfall over the global tropics on a decadal scale.
Nature Communications, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11165-1Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) accesses the vibrational properties of a material via nonlinear four-wave mixing (FWM); CARS in graphene has not been observed to date despite its high nonlinear third-order susceptibility. Here, the authors devised a FWM scheme to perform stimulated Raman spectroscopy in single and multi-layer graphene through CARS.
Nature Communications, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11537-7Recent experimental work has revealed non-linear dendritic integration in interneurons. Here, the authors show, through detailed biophysical modeling, that fast spiking interneurons are better described with a 2-stage artificial neural network model calling into question the use of point neuron models.
Nature Communications, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11523-zStudying how genetic variants in different genes interact and their combinatorial output is experimentally and analytically challenging. Here, the authors quantify the effects of more than 5000 mutation pairs in the yeast GAL regulatory system, finding that many combinations can be predicted with statistical models.
Nature Communications, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11634-7Using a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and TCR clonotype analysis on longitudinal samples from dengue vaccinated individuals, Waickman et al. here define a transcriptional signature in acutely-activated T cells that is associated with durable CD8+ T cell memory.
Nature Communications, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11490-5Protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) deficient haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) demonstrate increased engraftment following transplantation. Here the authors identify a small molecule inhibitor of PTPσ that promotes murine and human haematopoietic stem cell regeneration via induction of the RAC pathway and BCL-XL.
Nature Communications, Published online: 14 August 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11508-yBacteria produce small iron-binding molecules called siderophores, which are recognised by outer-membrane transporters. Here, the authors show that a Pseudomonas transporter recognises the siderophore enterobactin using extracellular loops distant from the pore, and propose that there is a second binding site deeper inside the structure.
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