Related ArticlesGenerating Lap Joints Via Friction Stir Spot Welding on DP780 Steel. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 13;(150): Authors: Hsu TI, Tsai MH Abstract Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), a derivative of friction stir welding (FSW), is a solid-state welding technique that was developed in 1991. An industry application was found in the automotive industry in 2003 for the aluminum alloy that was used in the rear doors of automobiles. Friction stir spot welding...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesBiosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 14;(150): Authors: Zhang Z, Fan S, Chen Z, He Y, Huang M, Ding L, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zhang X Abstract Flavonols are a major subclass of flavonoids with a variety of biological and pharmacological activities. Here, we provide a method for the in vitro enzymatic synthesis of a flavonol. In this method, Atf3h and Atfls1, two key genes...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesLucifer Yellow - A Robust Paracellular Permeability Marker in a Cell Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 19;(150): Authors: Zhao W, Han L, Bae Y, Manickam DS Abstract The blood-brain barrier BBB consists of endothelial cells that form a barrier between the systemic circulation and the brain to prevent the exchange of non-essential ions and toxic substances. Tight junctions (TJ) effectively seal the paracellular...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesAn In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 13;(150): Authors: Sun B, Yin YZ, Xiao J Abstract Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than premenopausal women. Female mice ovariectomized (OVX) at weaning display increased atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta compared with female mice with...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesFabric Moisture Uniform Control to Study the Influence of Air Impingement Parameters on Fabric Drying Characteristics. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 19;(150): Authors: Xiang Z, Huang Y, Hu X, Qian M, Zhao Z Abstract Impinging dryness is now a widely used and effective way for fabric drying due to its high heat and mass transfer coefficient. Previous studies on fabric drying have neglected the contributions of moisture uniformity and diffusion coefficient...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesInterfacial Molecular-level Structures of Polymers and Biomacromolecules Revealed via Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 13;(150): Authors: Li X, Ma L, Lu X Abstract As a second-order nonlinear optical spectroscopy, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has widely been used in investigating various surfaces and interfaces. This non-invasive optical technique can provide the local molecular-level...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions.
Related ArticlesMedium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 15;(150): Authors: Wagner AO, Markt R, Mutschlechner M, Lackner N, Prem EM, Praeg N, Illmer P Abstract In contrast to aerobic organisms, strictly anaerobic microorganisms require the absence of oxygen and usually a low redox potential to initiate growth. As oxygen is ubiquitous in air, retaining O2-free conditions during...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesMurine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 16;(150): Authors: Schwulst SJ, Islam MBAR Abstract The Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention estimate that almost 2 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States. In fact, TBI is a contributing factor to over a third of all injury-related mortality. Nonetheless, the cellular and...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesStructured Motor Rehabilitation After Selective Nerve Transfers. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 15;(150): Authors: Sturma A, Hruby LA, Farina D, Aszmann OC Abstract After severe nerve injuries, selective nerve transfers provide an opportunity to restore motor and sensory function. Functional recovery depends both on the successful re-innervation of the targets in the periphery and on the motor re-learning process entailing cortical plasticity. While...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesIsolation and Quantification of Zika Virus from Multiple Organs in a Mouse. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 15;(150): Authors: Brien JD, Hassert M, Stone ET, Geerling E, Cruz-Orengo L, Pinto AK Abstract The methods being presented demonstrate laboratory procedures for the isolation of organs from Zika virus infected animals and the quantification of viral load. The purpose of the procedure is to quantify viral titers in peripheral and CNS areas of...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesA Semi-High-Throughput Adaptation of the NADH-Coupled ATPase Assay for Screening Small Molecule Inhibitors. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 17;(150): Authors: Radnai L, Stremel RF, Sellers JR, Rumbaugh G, Miller CA Abstract ATPase enzymes utilize the free energy stored in adenosine triphosphate to catalyze a wide variety of endergonic biochemical processes in vivo that would not occur spontaneously. These proteins are crucial for essentially all...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesProcessing Embryo, Eggshell, and Fungal Culture for Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 16;(150): Authors: Gibbons J, Geetha-Loganathan P Abstract Although scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is being widely used for the ultra-structural analysis of various biological and non-biological samples, methods involved in processing different biological samples involve unique practices. All conventional practices described in the...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesA Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) Engrafted Humanized Xenograft Model for Translational Immuno-oncology (I-O) Research. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 15;(150): Authors: Li Z, Yang X, Zhang Y, Yang X, Cui X, Zhang Y, Gong W, Bai H, Liu N, Tang Z, Guo M, Li K, Zhang T, Wang L, Song X Abstract The discovery and development of immuno-oncology (I-O) therapy in recent years represents a milestone in the treatment of cancer. However, treatment...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesIn Vivo Imaging and Quantitation of the Host Angiogenic Response in Zebrafish Tumor Xenografts. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 14;(150): Authors: Britto DD, Hall CJ, Astin JW Abstract Tumor angiogenesis is a key target of anti-cancer therapy and this method has been developed to provide a new model to study this process in vivo. A zebrafish xenograft is created by implanting mammalian tumor cells into the perivitelline space of two days-post-fertilization...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesUltrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 14;(150): Authors: Liu TT, Rodgers AC, Nicholson TM, Macoska JA, Marker PC, Vezina CM, Bjorling DE, Roldan-Alzate A, Hernando D, Lloyd GL, Hacker TA, Ricke WA Abstract The incidence of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is increasing due to the aging population, resulting in a significant...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesIsolation and Purification of Murine Cardiac Pericytes. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 16;(150): Authors: Lee LL, Khakoo AY, Chintalgattu V Abstract Pericytes, perivascular cells of microvessels and capillaries, are known to play a part in angiogenesis, vessel stabilization, and endothelial barrier integrity. However, their tissue-specific functions in the heart are not well understood. Moreover, there is currently no protocol utilizing readily...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesIsolation and Culture of Primary Aortic Endothelial Cells from Miniature Pigs. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 14;(150): Authors: Zhao Y, Zhao C, Cooper DKC, Lu Y, Luo K, Wang H, Chen P, Zeng C, Luan S, Mou L, Gao H Abstract Xenotransplantation is a promising way to resolve the shortage of human organs for patients with end-stage organ failure, and the pig is considered as a suitable organ source. Immune rejection and coagulation are two major hurdles...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesHuman Egg Maturity Assessment and Its Clinical Application. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 19;(150): Authors: Holubcová Z, Kyjovská D, Martonová M, Páralová D, Klenková T, Kloudová S Abstract The optimal timing of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is of a serious concern for fertility programs because untimely sperm entry diminishes the egg's developmental competence. Presence of the first polar body (PB) together with the meiotic spindle...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesCalvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 13;(150): Authors: Marger L, Barone A, Martinelli-Kläy CP, Schaub L, Strasding M, Mekki M, Sailer I, Scherrer SS, Durual S Abstract The basic principle of the rabbit calvarial model is to grow new bone tissue vertically on top of the cortical part of the skull. This model allows assessment...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesTransforming, Genome Editing and Phenotyping the Nitrogen-fixing Tropical Cannabaceae Tree Parasponia andersonii. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 18;(150): Authors: Wardhani TAK, Roswanjaya YP, Dupin S, Li H, Linders S, Hartog M, Geurts R, van Zeijl A Abstract Parasponia andersonii is a fast-growing tropical tree that belongs to the Cannabis family (Cannabaceae). Together with 4 additional species, it forms the only known non-legume lineage able...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesBiaxial Basal Tone and Passive Testing of the Murine Reproductive System Using a Pressure Myograph. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 13;(150): Authors: White SE, Conway CK, Clark GL, Lawrence DJ, Bayer CL, Miller KS Abstract The female reproductive organs, specifically the vagina and cervix, are composed of various cellular components and a unique extracellular matrix (ECM). Smooth muscle cells exhibit a contractile function within the vaginal and...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesAdvanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 14;(150): Authors: Braeckman K, Descamps B, Vanhove C Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of acquired brain injury. Since patients with traumatic brain injury show a tremendous variability and heterogeneity (age, gender, type of trauma, other possible pathologies, etc.), animal models play a key role...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesActivated Cross-linked Agarose for the Rapid Development of Affinity Chromatography Resins - Antibody Capture as a Case Study. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 16;(150): Authors: Knödler M, Rühl C, Opdensteinen P, Buyel JF Abstract The purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is commonly achieved by Protein A affinity chromatography, which can account for up to 25% of the overall process costs. Alternative, cost-effective capture steps are therefore...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesHigh-Efficiency Generation of Antigen-Specific Primary Mouse Cytotoxic T Cells for Functional Testing in an Autoimmune Diabetes Model. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 16;(150): Authors: Davidson HW, Cepeda JR, Sekhar NS, Han J, Gao L, Sosinowski T, Zhang L Abstract Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by islet-specific autoimmunity leading to beta cell destruction and absolute loss of insulin production. In the spontaneous non-obese diabetes (NOD)...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesA Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 14;(150): Authors: Chiem K, Rangel-Moreno J, Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L Abstract Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause human respiratory disease that is associated with significant health and economic consequences. As with other viruses, studying IAV requires the use of laborious secondary approaches to detect the...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesMurine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 16;(150): Authors: Lugrin J, Parapanov R, Krueger T, Liaudet L Abstract Myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary diseases are among the most prominent causes of death in population with western lifestyle. The murine models of MI with permanent ligation of left-anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery closely...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesPhotodeposition of Pd onto Colloidal Au Nanorods by Surface Plasmon Excitation. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 15;(150): Authors: Forcherio GT, Baker DR, Leff AC, Boltersdorf J, McClure JP, Grew KN, Lundgren CA Abstract A protocol is described to photocatalytically guide Pd deposition onto Au nanorods (AuNR) using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Excited plasmonic hot electrons upon SPR irradiation drive reductive deposition of Pd on colloidal AuNR...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesA Minimally Invasive Lesion Technique for Muscles Intrinsic to the Odontophore of Aplysia californica. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 16;(150): Authors: Kehl C, Chiel HJ Abstract Aplysia californica is a model system for studying the neural control of learning and behavior. This animal has a semi-open circulatory system, making it possible to access many of its internal structures without causing any significant damage. Many manipulations can be...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesNavigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 15;(150): Authors: Wang J, Liu Z, Bellen HJ, Yamamoto S Abstract Through whole-exome/genome sequencing, human geneticists identify rare variants that segregate with disease phenotypes. To assess if a specific variant is pathogenic, one must query many databases to determine whether the gene of interest is linked...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesSemi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 14;(150): Authors: Garcia J, Barthelemy D, Geiguer F, Ballandier J, Li KW, Aurel JP, Le Breton F, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Manship B, Couraud S, Payen L Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from the primary tumor are shed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
Related ArticlesTuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether. J Vis Exp. 2019 Aug 17;(150): Authors: Guan W, Li C, Chen X, Lu XY, Tsang CW, Hu H, Qi H, Liang C Abstract We herein present a method for the synthesis of HNbWO6, HNbMoO6, HTaWO6 solid acid nanosheet modified Pt/CNTs. By varying the weight of various solid acid nanosheets, a series of Pt/xHMNO6/CNTs with different solid acid compositions (x = 5, 20 wt%;...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:16
The use of dual antiplatelet therapy (a P2Y12 inhibitor plus aspirin) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reduces the risk of ischemic or atherothrombotic events, including stent thrombosis, recurrent myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death. Approximately 5 to 7% of patients with…
Mon Sep 02, 2019 03:00
Related ArticlesApplication of Neck Circumference in Four-Variable Screening Tool for Early Prediction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019 Sep;28(9):2517-2524 Authors: Zhang L, Zeng T, Gui Y, Sun Y, Xie F, Zhang D, Hu X Abstract BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to validate and pilot the use of the four-variable screening tool (4V) and modified 4V tools to identify acute ischemic stroke...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:17
Related ArticlesUsing Lempel-Ziv complexity as effective classification tool of the sleep-related breathing disorders. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2019 Aug 24;182:105052 Authors: Pregowska A, Proniewska K, van Dam P, Szczepanski J Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: People suffer from sleep disorders caused by work-related stress, irregular lifestyle or mental health problems. Therefore, development of effective tools to diagnose sleep disorders is...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:17
Publication date: Available online 2 September 2019Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral RadiologyAuthor(s): Jili Chen, Lian Liu, Xinjia Cai, Zhigang Yao, Junhui HuangAbstractTongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common oral squamous cell carcinoma, which is highly malignant, giving rise to the lymph node metastasis or distant organ metastasis, thus the overall survival rate of the patient's decreases. Researches on the molecular mechanism of the biological characteristics...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:18
Publication date: Available online 2 September 2019Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral RadiologyAuthor(s): Fernanda Viviane Mariano, Felipe Fidalgo, André Luís Maion Casarim, Antônio Santos Martins, João Figueira Scarini, Reydson Alcides Lima de Souza, Erika Said Egal, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi, Albina AltemaniABSTRACTOBJECTIVEAs in Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma (RPA) genetic changes have not yet been investigated, the aim of this study was to...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:18
Related ArticlesLow Frequency Systemic Hemodynamic "Noise" in Resting State BOLD fMRI: Characteristics, Causes, Implications, Mitigation Strategies, and Applications. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:787 Authors: Tong Y, Hocke LM, Frederick BB Abstract Advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition have improved signal to noise to the point where the physiology of the subject is the dominant noise source in resting state fMRI data (rsfMRI)....
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:19
Related ArticlesBrain Tumor Segmentation and Survival Prediction Using Multimodal MRI Scans With Deep Learning. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:810 Authors: Sun L, Zhang S, Chen H, Luo L Abstract Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignancies. Accurate and robust tumor segmentation and prediction of patients' overall survival are important for diagnosis, treatment planning and risk factor identification. Here we present a deep learning-based framework...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:19
Related ArticlesBasilar Artery Tortuosity Is Associated With White Matter Hyperintensities by TIMP-1. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:836 Authors: Zhang DP, Peng YF, Zhang HL, Ma JG, Zhao M, Yin S, Wei TT Abstract Background and Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may play a potential role in bridging vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) with lacunar infarction...
Tue Sep 03, 2019 13:19
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