Deriving robust historical population trends for long-lived species subject to human exploitation is challenging in scenarios where long-term scientific data are scarce or unavailable, as often occurs for species affected by small-scale fisheries and subsistence hunting. The importance of Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) in data-poor scenarios is increasingly recognized in conservation, both in terms of uncovering historical trends and for engaging community stewardship of historic information. Building...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Open science principles that seek to improve science can effectively bridge the gap between researchers and environmental managers. However, widespread adoption has yet to gain traction for the development and application of bioassessment products. At the core of this philosophy is the concept that research should be reproducible and transparent, in addition to having long-term value through effective data preservation and sharing. In this article, we review core open science concepts that have recently...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
This work begins with a literature-based discussion of the hazardous-waste problem represented by car tyres as hazardous waste, along with possible ways in which they might be utilised or managed. The impact of the material on the environment is characterised in the process, not least in the context of pollutants leached to the aquatic environment. Input in terms of new research results concerns the impact on water and soil of material from used car tyres being used in geotechnics. Specifically,...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effects of two post‐processing methods to the overall, intaglio, and cameo surface dimensions of in‐office stereolithographic fabricated implant surgical guides. Materials and Methods Twenty identical implant surgical guides were fabricated using a stereolithographic printer. Ten guides were post‐processed using an automated method. The other ten guides were post‐processed using a series of hand washing in combination with ultrasonics. Each guide was then...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 12:12
Abstract Due to the prevalence of acne vulgaris, isotretinoin is one of the most prescribed drugs among physicians and dermatologists. Although exhibiting an adequate safety profile, adverse events secondary to isotretinoin use are common. Before prescribing isotretinoin, physicians usually inquire about pregnancy and perform serologic tests including cholesterol, triglycerides, and liver enzymes. Ocular manifestations are commonly neglected. Despite being generally mild, ocular manifestations related...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 18:14
Abstract Immune checkpoint blockades were reported to result in clinical responses in inoperable and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). This report describes an 87‐year‐old woman with recurrent cSCC that was initially responsive to cetuximab (the monoclonal antibody against epithelial growth factor receptor) but eventually became refractory to cetuximab and multiple subsequent salvage chemotherapy regimens. Next‐generation sequencing of the tumor discovered three single‐nucleotide...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 14:49
Abstract Viral warts or verruca are very common skin infections in children. Although benign, lesions can be extensive, painful, bleed or lead to cosmetic disfigurement. Although spontaneous resolution can occur, parents often bring their children for treatment, especially when they are symptomatic. Many publications have assessed the efficacy and safety of treatment of warts in adults. However, treatment in children can be challenging due to their immune responses and lower threshold for pain....
Sun Jul 19, 2020 14:48
ABSTRACT Several studies have demonstrated a direct link between psoriasis, stress and psychiatric comorbidity. We assessed the effect of relaxation therapy on psoriasis severity, quality of life, stress level and psychiatric comorbidity. Patients were assessed for stress, anxiety, depression, quality of life and severity of disease, using standard instruments. Patients were divided into two as cases and pair matched controls. The first group was given relaxation therapy in addition to the standard...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 14:46
ABSTRACT Background Despite multiple individual studies proving efficacy of grid fractional monopolar radiofrequency (Grid RF ) and near‐infrared irradiation 1064‐nm long‐pulsed neodymium:YAG laser (Laser Genesis) , there is a lack of controlled comparative trials between these devices. Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of Grid RF versus Laser Genesis in the treatment of periorbital rhytides Methods This is a randomized, single‐blind, split‐face, prospective study. Eight...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 14:45
Sun Jul 19, 2020 14:44
Abstract Background Ultrapotent topical corticosteroids and circumcision are usually effective for male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc), however, refractory cases are often referred to our Male Genital Dermatology Unit. Treatment with autologous platelet‐rich plasma (TPRP) has recently been advocated as a safe and effective treatment option, but there have been no prospective studies in men to date. Objectives To assess the safety and efficacy of TPRP for MGLSc resistant to conventional...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 14:44
Sun Jul 19, 2020 18:43
Abstract Empathy is essential for the survival of social species. In many studies, especially those with animal models, empathy for pain was evaluated by the modulation of pain sensitivity. However, the relationship between pain sensitivity and empathy for pain is not well established. Here, by performing two experiments, we aimed to investigate their relationship at both behavioral and electrophysiological levels. In Experiment 1, we characterized individual pain sensitivity using pain threshold...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 18:23
This article examines whether factors like functional status or quality of life ought to be considered in state and hospital protocols that would allocate ventilators and other critical care resources in a crisis like the coronavirus pandemic, and provides recommendations to neurologists reviewing these protocols at their institutions. It is argued that unlike in clinical decision‐making for individual patients, scarce resource allocation protocols ought to maximize survival across a population,...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 18:35
Prior dual antiplatelet therapy and thrombolysis in acute stroke Dual antiplatelets and thrombolysis
Sun Jul 19, 2020 18:09
Abstract Objective It still not known whether electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) contribute to dental caries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of e‐cigarettes on the growth of Streptococcus mutans , the formation of biofilm, and the expression of certain virulence genes. Materials and Methods S. mutans cells were exposed or not to e‐cigarettes with and without nicotine or to cigarette smoke twice a day for 15 min each exposure period. The bacterial growth and the expression of...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:48
Abstract Objectives Risk prediction in implant dentistry presents specific challenges including the dependence of observations from patients with multiple implants and rare outcome events. The aim of this study was to use advanced statistical methods based on penalized regression to assess risk factors in implant dentistry. Material and Methods We conducted a retrospective study from January 2016 to November 2018 recording postoperative complications including bleeding, hematoma, local...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 22:29
Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the current post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage and return to theatre rates in Scotland Design National cross‐sectional study Participants and setting Tonsillectomy outcomes data were collated for all NHS patients undergoing tonsillectomy in Scotland between 1998‐2002 and 2013‐2017 Main outcome measures Using Information Services Division (ISD) Scotland retrospective data, 30‐day readmission and 30‐day return to theatre rates...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 20:16
Abstract The notion of equality of services as expounded in the NHS charter is not evident in the way allergy services are delivered in the UK. The prevalence of allergies is increasing and NHS services are unable to keep up with this increasing demand. Services are hampered by poor training of general practitioners, a considerable shortage in the number of available specialists and chronic lack of investment. In order to meet the rising demand, services are often provided by specialists with little...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 18:53
Abstract This study demonstrates the efficacy of Raman microspectroscopy of oral cytological samples for differentiating dysplastic, potentially malignant lesions from those of normal, healthy donors. Cells were collected using brush biopsy from healthy donors (n = 20) and patients attending a Dysplasia Clinic (n = 20). Donors were sampled at four different sites (buccal mucosa, tongue, alveolus, gingiva), to ensure matched normal sites for all lesions, while patient samples were taken from clinically‐evident,...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 21:03
Sun Jul 19, 2020 16:58
Abstract Previous work has led to the hypothesis that, during the production of noise‐induced tinnitus, higher levels of nitric oxide (NO), in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), increase the gain applied to a reduced input from the cochlea. To test this hypothesis, we noise‐exposed 26 guinea pigs, identified evidence of tinnitus in 12 of them and then compared the effects of an iontophoretically applied NO donor or production inhibitor on VCN single unit activity. We confirmed that the mean driven...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:36
Abstract Senolytics are a class of drugs that selectively clear senescent cells (SC). The first senolytic drugs Dasatinib, Quercetin, Fisetin, and Navitoclax were discovered using a hypothesis‐driven approach. SC accumulate with aging and at causal sites of multiple chronic disorders, including diseases accounting for the bulk of morbidity, mortality, and health expenditures. The most deleterious SC are resistant to apoptosis and have up‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic pathways which...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 20:20
Abstract Background Pro‐protein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) is a proenzyme primarily known to regulate low‐density lipoprotein receptor re‐uptake on hepatocytes. Whether PCSK9 can concurrently trigger inflammation or not remains unclear. Here, we investigated the potential association between circulating levels of PCSK9 and mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Methods Plasma PCSK9 levels at days 1, 2 and 7 were measured in 958 patients with severe...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 18:24
Abstract Endometrial carcinoma, the most common gynaecological cancer, develops from endometrial epithelium which is composed of secretory and ciliated cells. Pathologic classification is unreliable and there is a need for prognostic tools. We used single cell sequencing to study organoid model systems derived from normal endometrial endometrium to discover novel markers specific for endometrial ciliated or secretory cells. A marker of secretory cells (MPST) and several markers of ciliated cells...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 21:07
Abstract Podocyte injury plays a vital role in proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Calcineurin (CaN) inhibitors are effective in reducing proteinuria. However, their molecular mechanism is still not fully understood. Angiopoietin‐like‐4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted protein that mediates proteinuria in podocyte‐related nephropathy. In this study, we established a puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)‐induced minimal‐change disease (MCD) rat model and a cultured podocyte injury model. We found that CaN inhibitors...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 21:03
Abstract Despite current central nervous system‐directed therapies for childhood B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, relapse at this anatomical site still remains a challenging issue. Few reports have addressed the study of the specific cellular microenvironments which can promote the survival, quiescence and therefore chemoresistance of B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells in the central nervous system. Herein, we showed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 20:59
Abstract Deep learning‐based computer vision methods have recently made remarkable breakthroughs in the analysis and classification of cancer pathology images. However, there has been relatively little investigation of the utility of deep neural networks to synthesize medical images. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of generative adversarial networks (GANs) to synthesize high resolution pathology images of ten histological types of cancer, including five cancer types from The Cancer Genome...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 20:58
Podocytes present antigen to activate specific T cell immune responses in inflammatory renal disease
Abstract Infiltration of activated T cells into renal tissue plays an essential role in inflammatory nephropathy. However, the mechanism enabling the renal recruitment and activation of T cells remains elusive. Here we report that inflammatory cytokine‐promoted antigen presentation by podocytes is a key for recruiting and activating specific T cells. Our results showed that diabetes‐associated inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and IL‐17 all upregulated expression of MHC‐I, MHC‐II, CD80 and CD86 on podocyte...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 20:45
Closing the anthropogenic carbon cycle by converting CO 2 into reusable chemicals is recognized as an attractive solution to mitigate rising concentrations of CO 2 in the atmosphere. Herein, we prepared Ni metal catalysts ranging in size from single atoms to over 100 nm and distributed them across N‐doped carbon substrates obtained from converted zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF). Results show variance in CO 2 reduction performance with variance in Ni metal size. Ni single atoms demonstrate...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 10:40
The electrode/electrolyte (E/E) interface influences the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR) behavior by controlling both the diffusion kinetics of the reactants (CO2/H+) & products, and the transporting dynamics of the electrons and intermediates. Simultaneous manipulation of the CO2/H+ transportation and the interfacial charge transfer would facilitate the CO2RR process. In this work, we successfully developed an artificial E/E interface construction strategy via coating the electrode surface...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 10:40
The anticancer efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited due to the hypoxic feature of the solid tumors. Herein, we report synergistic PDT/chemotherapy with integrated tandem Fenton reactions mediated by ovalbumin encapsulation for improved in vivo anticancer therapy via an enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation mechanism. The biodegradable protein nanocapsules show a high co‐encapsulation efficiency for multiple functional reagents including photosensitizer Nile blue with...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:24
Developing non‐cationic gene carrier and achieving efficient endo/lysosome escape of functional nucleic acids in cytosol are two major challenges faced by the field of gene delivery. Herein, we demonstrate a concept of self‐escape spherical nucleic acid (SNA) to achieve light controlled non‐cationic gene delivery with sufficient endo/lysosome escape capacity. In this system, Bcl‐2 antisense oligonucleotides (OSAs) were conjugated onto the surface of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:24
Two‐dimensional (2D) monometallic pnictogens (antimony or Sb, and bismuth or Bi) nanosheets, thanks to their unique physical‐chemical, electronic and optical properties, show great potential for applications in a variety of fields including quantum devices, catalysis, biomedical, and energy, while the development of general and high‐efficiency route for preparation of high‐quality pnictogens nanosheets remains a challenge yet. In this work, we report a general method for the synthesis of Sb and Bi...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:23
A new class of nonplanar metalla‐aromatics, diiron complexes 2 bridged by a 1,3‐butadienyl dianionic ligand were synthesized in high yields from dilithio reagents and two equivalents of FeBr 2 . Complexes 2 consist of two antiferromagnetically coupled high‐spin Fe(II) centers as revealed by magnetometry, Mössbauer spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Furthermore, experimental (X‐ray structural analysis) and theoretical analyses (NICS, ICSS, AICD, MOs) suggest that 2 is aromatic. Remarkably,...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:22
A new family of robust, non‐toxic, water‐compatible ruthenium(II) vinyl probes allows the rapid, selective and sensitive detection of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) in live mammalian cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Uniquely, these probes incorporate a viscosity‐sensitive BODIPY fluorophore that allows the measurement of microscopic viscosity in live cells via Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) in conjunction with measuring CO. This is the first example of a probe that can...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:17
Previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations have fully proven that the sub‐nanometric Cu clusters (i.e., 13 atoms) are more favorable for the generation of CH 4 from CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) than larger nanoparticles (NPs) due to the upshifted d center. However, it still lacks direct experimental evidence and remains unclear. Herein, we developed a facile impregnation‐calcination route for the crafting of Cu clusters in diameter of ~1.0 nm with ~10 atoms via a double‐confinement...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:17
Liquid marbles have potential to serve as mini‐reactors for fabricating new materials. While this was realized soon after their discovery, the opportunity has been exploited little and mostly for “conventional” chemical reactions. Here, we uncover the unparalleled capability of liquid marbles to act as platforms for precisely controlling the self‐assembly of a bio‐derived polymer, hydroxypropyl cellulose, into a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase showing structural coloration by Bragg reflection....
Sun Jul 19, 2020 17:16
Optiray and Iomeron enable high‐resolution morphological assessment of articular cartilage in small animals using contrast‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography; however, they are not indicative of GAG content. Abstract Non‐ionic, low‐osmolar contrast agents (CAs) used for computed tomography, such as Optiray (ioversol) and Iomeron (iomeprol), are associated with the reduced risk of adverse reactions and toxicity in comparison with ionic CAs, such as Hexabrix. Hexabrix has previously been used...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 22:00
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