Mean mandibular shape per taxon superimposed with the mean shape for the entire sample (dark blue) showing that insular gibbon species (Hylobates lar vestitus and Hylobates agilis ) have similar mandibular shapes that are different from mainland gibbons (Hylobates lar lar, Hylobates lar entelloides , and Hylobates lar carpenteri ). Abstract Although hylobatids are the most speciose of the living apes, their morphological interspecies and intraspecies variation remains poorly understood....
Wed Jul 22, 2020 12:58
Background The high burden of infectious disease and associated antimicrobial use likely contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in remote Australian Aboriginal communities. We aimed to develop and apply context-specific tools to audit antimicrobial use in the remote primary healthcare setting. Methods We adapted the General Practice version of the National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (GP NAPS) tool to audit antimicrobial use over 2–3 weeks in 15 remote primary healthcare...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
Salivary proteome of a Neotropical primate: potential roles in host defense and oral food perception
Background Saliva contains a very complex mixture of proteins for defense against microbiological pathogens and for oral food perception. Howler monkeys are Neotropical primates that can consume a mostly leaf diet. They are well known to thrive in highly disturbed habitats where they may cope with a diversity of dietary challenges and infection risks. We aimed to describe the salivary proteome of howlers to contribute to better understanding of their physiology. ...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
Background The Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemistry Observation Network for Dynamic River Systems (WHONDRS) is a consortium that aims to understand complex hydrologic, biogeochemical, and microbial connections within river corridors experiencing perturbations such as dam operations, floods, and droughts. For one ongoing WHONDRS sampling campaign, surface water metabolite and microbiome samples are collected through a global survey to generate knowledge across diverse river corridors. Metabolomics...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
Recycling biomass is indispensable these days not only because fossil energy sources are gradually depleted, but also because pollution of the environment, caused by the increasing use of energy, must be reduced. This article intends to overview the results of plant biomass processing methods that are currently in use. Our aim was also to review published methods that are not currently in use. It is intended to explore the possibilities of new methods and enzymes to be used in biomass recycling....
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
This study describes two new species of freshwater crab of the genus Heterochelamon Türkay & Dai, 1997 from southern China, H. huidongense from Guangdong Province and H. jinxiuense from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The two new species can be differentiated from congeners by characters derived from the shape of the epibranchial tooth, external orbital angle, cheliped proportions and structure of the male first gonopod. The present study brings the number of Heterochelamon species to seven....
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications can be found in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). Several studies have demonstrated a close relationship between m6A modifications and cancer cells. Methyltransferase-like enzyme 3 (METTL3) and methyltransferase-like enzyme 14 (METTL14) are two major enzymes involved in m6A modifications that play vital roles in various cancers. However, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of METTL3 and METTL14 in urological...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a rare primary immunodeficiency. Affected individuals usually present with the Epstein–Barr virus infection and have no apparent disease prior to presentation. The most common clinical manifestations are fulminant infectious mononucleosis, dysgammaglobulinaemia, and lymphoma (usually of B-cell origin). XLP is caused by mutations in the SH2D1A gene which encodes the intracellular adaptor molecule SAP (signalling lymphocyte activation molecule- (SLAM-)...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 09:35
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jul 21, 2020 07:00
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jul 21, 2020 07:00
New England Journal of Medicine, Ahead of Print.
Tue Jul 21, 2020 07:00
Wed Jul 22, 2020 11:24
Abstract Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a critical clinical condition induced by a cascade of cytokine activation, characterized by overwhelming systemic inflammation, hyperferritinaemia, haemodynamic instability and multiple organ failure (MOF). At the end of 2019, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly developed into a global pandemic. More and more evidence shows that there is a dramatic increase...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 11:24
Automatic Speaker Recognition (ASR) systems are designed to provide the user with statistics relating to the similarity of two or more speech samples and to the typicality of those shared features in the wider population. When an ASR system is used as part of a forensic investigation, the user must decide what counts as the appropriate ‘wider population’ and select a reference database accordingly. While it has generally been held that the voices populating the reference database should be similar...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 11:09
Scalp-recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) appear to be sensitive to sentence processing, especially in some particular aspects. ERP studies on inflectional Indo-European languages report that N400 (negativity around 400 ms), typically elicited by semantic anomalies, is absent when a sentence involves both syntactic and semantic violations. It has been considered that syntactic structure building takes precedence over semantic parsing, and lexical-semantic processing can be blocked by syntactic...
Wed Jul 15, 2020 03:00
There is a growing interest in assessing the reliability of electroencephalographic (EEG) measures in clinical and research settings. Prepulse inhibition (PPI: representing attentional modulation) and facilitation (PPF: reflecting selective attention) paradigms have been used to study inhibitory function and selective attention, respectively. However, to date, little has been known with regards to the stability of brain oscillatory activity during PPI and PPF. We investigated the stability of event-related...
Wed Jul 15, 2020 03:00
We recently reported that upregulation of the constitutively active ras homolog enriched in brain [Rheb(S16H)], which induces the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, can protect adult neurons, mediated by the induction of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that neuronal transduction of Rheb(S16H) using adeno-associated virus serotype 1 provides neuroprotection...
Wed Jul 15, 2020 03:00
On hospital rounds as a first-year medical student — by far the least clinically experienced team member — I tried my best to fit in. I marveled at the confidence of clerks, who introduced themselves to families and updated management plans. I discreetly looked over the shoulders of pharmacists…
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Many organisms exhibit phenotypic plasticity that changes their traits in response to their environment. Although whether or not this plasticity contributes to adaptive evolution is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology, various studies report that natural populations adapt to rapid environmental changes via plasticity, which leads to novel adaptive traits as "triggers." Namely, phenotypic plasticity has considered allowing an accumulation of genetic mutations to fix the alternative phenotypes...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
Sexually selected traits are hypothesized to be honest signals of individual quality due to the costs associated with their maintenance, development, and/or production. Testosterone, a sex steroid associated with the development and/or production of sexually selected traits, has been proposed to enforce the honesty of sexually selected traits via its immunosuppressive effects (i.e., the Immunocompetence Handicap Hypothesis) and/or by influencing an individual's exposure/susceptibility to oxidative...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
One Saturday morning, an ICU physician called and asked me to talk to a family with whom the team was having difficulty establishing care goals for the family’s loved one. The team knew I’d recently seen the patient for a neurosurgery consult and the family trusted me. The patient was a young Black…
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2020. Objectives:This study was to explore the effect of protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D knockdown on proliferation and apoptosis as well as p38 MAPK/p53 signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia.Methods:The expression of protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D was detected in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines including SKM-1, KG-1, AML-193, and THP-1 cells, and normal bone marrow mononuclear cells...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 13:44
Abstract The exact prediction of outcome of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the skin is difficult to determine, although several attempts have been made to identify clinico-pathologic prognostic factors. The Ki67 proliferative index is a well-known marker routinely used to define the prognosis of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms. However, its prognostic value has been poorly investigated in MCC, and available published results are often contradictory mainly...
Wed Jul 22, 2020 03:00
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