Punctuated equilibrium is a mode of evolution in which phenetic change occurs in rapid bursts that are separated by much longer intervals of stasis during which mutations accumulate but no major phenotypic change occurs. Punctuated equilibrium has been originally proposed within the framework of paleobiology, to explain the lack of transitional forms that is typical of the fossil record. Theoretically, punctuated equilibrium has been linked to self-organized criticality (SOC), a model in which the...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Therapies with new drugs have been appearing in tests worldwide as potential inhibitors of sars-cov-2 virus replication. Recently, one of these drugs, Ivermectin, was reported as an inhibitor of the nuclear import of HIV-1 proteins in vitro, soon becoming the target of an international prospecting work (not yet published), with patients tested for COVID-19. However, understanding the evolutionary aspects of the biological components involved in the complex drug-nuclear import helps in understanding...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Lacking a peptidoglycan cell wall, mycoplasmas are the smallest self-replicating life forms. Members of this bacterial genus are known to parasitise a wide array of metazoans including vertebrates. Whilst much research has been significant targeted at parasitic mammalian mycoplasmas, very little is known about their role in other vertebrates. In the current study, we aim to explore the biology and evolution of Mycoplasma in salmonids, including cellular niche, genome size structure and gene content....
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Large portions of eukaryotic genomes consist of transposable elements (TEs), and the establishment of transcription-repressing heterochromatin during early development safeguards genome integrity in Drosophila. Repeat-rich Y chromosomes can act as reservoirs for TEs ('toxic' Y effect), and incomplete epigenomic defenses during early development can lead to deleterious TE mobilization. Here, we contrast the dynamics of early TE activation in two Drosophila species with vastly different Y chromosomes...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 03:00
Interconnected assembly factors regulate the biogenesis of mitoribosomal large subunit [NEW RESULTS]
Mitoribosomes synthesize essential proteins encoded in mitochondria. They consist of RNA and protein components, coordinated assembly of which is critical for function. We used mitoribosomes with reduced RNA and increased protein mass from a mammalian parasite Trypanosoma brucei to provide insights into the biogenesis of mitoribosomal large subunit. Structural characterisation of a stable assembly intermediate revealed 16 assembly factors, 10 of which were not previously implicated in biogenesis....
Sun Jul 19, 2020 03:00
The Anopheles gambiae complex is comprised of eight morphologically indistinguishable species and has emerged as a model system for the study of speciation genetics due to the rapid radiation of its member species over the past two million years. Male hybrids between most An. gambiae complex species pairs are sterile, and some genotype combinations in hybrid males cause inviability. We investigated the genetic basis of hybrid male inviability and sterility between An. coluzzii and An. quadriannulatus...
Sun Jul 19, 2020 03:00
Target specific small molecule inhibitors has driven signaling pathway discovery and are used as common positive controls in drug discovery screens. During a biophysical screen, using surface plasmon resonance...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Smokers are greatly influenced by those living with them, but strategies that increase partner support for smoking cessation are lacking. Using a cross-sectional study design, we explored factors associated wi...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
The torque-producing capacity can be assessed as maximal isometric torque per muscle size. Nevertheless, the factors contributing to this capacity remain poorly understood. In general, the magnitude of joint t...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Abstract The risk of transmitting novel pathogens from released animals to wild conspecifics is an important consideration for reintroduction initiatives. Apart from infecting humans, hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been detected in nonhuman primates, including captive gibbons. Gibbons that test positive for HBV are removed from reintroduction programs as the presence of infection in wild populations is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV in wild-living...
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To better understand the evolution of virulence we are interested in identifying the genetic basis of this trait in pathogenic fungi and in developing tools for the rapid characterization of variation in virulence among populations associated with epidemics. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) is a haploid fungus that causes devastating outbreaks of Fusarium wilt of cotton wherever it is grown. In the United States, six nominal races and eleven genotypes of FOV have been characterized based...
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At the oocyte-to-embryo transition the highly differentiated oocyte arrested in meiosis becomes a totipotent embryo capable of embryogenesis. Oocyte maturation (release of the prophase I primary arrest) and egg activation (release from the secondary meiotic arrest and the trigger for the oocyte-to-embryo transition) serve as prerequisites for this transition, both events being controlled posttranscriptionally. Recently, we obtained a comprehensive list of proteins whose levels are developmentally...
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Bacillus thuringiensis is the most used biopesticide in agriculture. Its entomopathogenic capacity stems from the possession of plasmid-borne insecticidal crystal genes (cry), traditionally used as discriminant taxonomic feature for that species. As such, crystal and plasmid identification are key to the characterization of this species. To date, about 600 B. thuringiensis genomes have been reported, but less than 5% have been completed, while the other draft genomes are incomplete, hindering full...
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Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common shoulder disorder with unclear genetic mechanism. In this study, Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) was conducted to identify the candidate loci associated with SIS by using the UK Biobank samples (including 3,626 SIS patients and 3,626 control subjects). Based on the GWAS results, gene sets enrichment analysis was further performed to detect the candidate gene ontology and pathways associated with SIS. We identified multiple risk loci associated...
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J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713770Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Full text
Mon Jul 20, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713855Transcranial approaches to the orbit provide familiar and flexible approaches with wide access to the majority of the orbit, only limited in the inferomedial orbit. A pterional craniotomy is the predominant approach but can be expanded with an orbital or zygomatic osteotomy for even wider access. Minimally invasive approaches, such as the lateral supraorbital or “eyebrow” supraorbital approach, are options for selected pathologies and minimize...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN01180K, PaperGuanglei Lv, Yunze Xu, Jiajia Yang, Wenhui Li, Chunxia Li, Anyang SunAberrant accumulation of Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is closely related to Alzheimer´s disease. Thus, it is important to develop featured probes for the specific detection of Aβ species. Herein, we designed...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN01170C, PaperVered Heleg-Shabtai, Hagai Sharabi, Amalia Zaltsman, Izhar Ron, Alexander PevznerA sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate was developed to enable hand-held Raman spectrometers to detect gas-phase VX and HD. The substrate comprised Au nanoparticles modified onto quartz fibres. Limits...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Jul 20, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN01108H, Paper Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.Ying Zhou, Krzysztof Bielec, Pakorn Pasitsuparoad, Robert HolystAnthracyclines are one of the most studied anticancer drugs approved for medical treatment. The equilibrium constant (K) of reaction between those drugs with DNA in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Jul 20, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00979B, PaperRei Mukomoto, Yuji Nashimoto, Takato Terai, Takuto Imaizumi, Kaoru Hiramoto, Kosuke Ino, Ryuji Yokokawa, Takashi Miura, Hitoshi ShikuHypoxia is one of the major hallmarks of solid tumours and is associated with the poor prognosis of various cancers. A multicellular aggregate, termed a spheroid, has been used as...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Jul 20, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN01149E, CommunicationWeina Gao, Qiaoyun Zhang, Yiran Su, Peiwu Huang, Xue Lu, Qinyue Gong, Wendong Chen, Ruilian Xu, Ruijun TianAn easy-to-use and fast approach was developed for integrated proteomic and metabolic profiling from dried single-drop plasma sample. Plasma collection, room temperature storage and sample preparation for both proteins and...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Jul 20, 2020 02:00
Analyst, 2020, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00905A, CommunicationHyungjun Jang, Jusung Oh, Hangil Ki, Min-Gon KimThis paper-based sensor quantified glucose and 1,5-anhydroglucitol using enzyme-based colorimetric and elimination reaction in human urine.To cite this article before page numbers are assigned, use the DOI form of citation above.The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
Mon Jul 20, 2020 02:00
Excessive activation and proliferation of inflammatory cell and uncontrolled release of cytokines and chemokines, also known as cytokine storm, is considered to be the main cause of sepsis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that autophagy may play an important role in regulating immune response and controlling excessive inflammation. Recent studies have showed that minocycline has immunomodulatory effects on cytokine and chemokine production. It has also been reported that minocycline can induce...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 18:35
Introduction. This study aimed at comparing the rate of exercise-induced fat oxidation and postexercise free-living physical activity after constant-load flat running (FR) and downhill running (DHR) bouts at an intensity that elicited maximal fat oxidation. Methods. Participants were 11 healthy untrained men (mean age years; VO2max ml/kg/min). The study included four visits. The first two visits determined the intensity of maximal fat oxidation during incremental FR and DHR tests. The second two...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 17:50
Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is an emergent vascular disease. Currently, its diagnosis depends on clinical and radiological investigations but lacking of serum biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to identify potential serum biomarkers for AAD using label-free proteomics approach. A total of 90 serum samples were collected from three groups: patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD, ), patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI, ), and healthy controls (), and the first four samples from each...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 15:50
There are few published studies that report the prevalence of intraoral anomalies for young children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of several congenital oral and paraoral anomalies in Taiwanese children under age six. Twenty-five cities and townships were randomly sampled in different areas of Taiwan using the stratified method. These cities and townships represent cross-sectional samples of geographic locations and socioeconomic levels. A total of...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 10:50
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