Nature Communications, Published online: 19 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16317-2Pioneer factors direct cell fate through switching inaccessible chromatin to an accessible state at specific target enhancers. Here the authors show that HOX13 transcription factors have a pioneer activity which is required for the proper implementation of the distal limb developmental program.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 19 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15533-0How does the brain represent sensory uncertainty? The authors find that neural gain variability tracks stimulus uncertainty across the visual hierarchy and explain their findings with a simple generalization of canonical models of neural computation.
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 19 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16292-8Author Correction: Revisiting the pH-gated conformational switch on the activities of HisKA-family histidine kinases
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 19 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16349-8Body-centred cubic metals rarely show twinning during deformation. Here, the authors use high resolution transmission electron microscopy to show tungsten, a body-centred cubic metal, spontaneously undergoes detwinning when unloaded.
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Nature Communications, Published online: 19 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16184-xThe decrease in costs of renewable energy and storage has not been well accounted for in energy modelling, which however will have a large effect on energy system investment and policies. Here the authors incorporated recent decrease in costs of renewable energy and storages to refine the pathways to decarbonize China’s power system by 2030 and show that if such cost trends for renewables continue, more than 60% of...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Abstract: A 45-year-old man presented with longstanding poor vision in both eyes. His medical history was significant for a remote overdose of quinine. After the ingestion, he fell into a coma and on awakening was not able to see light out of both eyes. Several days later, his central vision began to gradually recover and continued to improve over the span of several months. Presently, he had 20/20 visual acuity in both eyes with severely constricted peripheral visual fields. There were bilateral...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: High-contrast visual acuity (HCVA) changes with age, yet little is known about pediatric-specific age- and sex-normative values for low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA). We define maturational changes in monocular and binocular HCVA and LCLA in childhood and adolescence. Methods: Normally sighted youth (ages 5–20 years, without neurologic or ophthalmologic disease and best-corrected HCVA of 20/25 or better in each eye) were recruited. Mean monocular and binocular scores using Early...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
In this issue of Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, M. Tariq Bhatti, ND and Mark L. Moster, MD will discuss the following 6 articles:
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mostly affects overweight and obese women. Severe obesity is associated with poorer visual outcomes in IIH, and weight gain can precipitate IIH and increase the risk of recurrence. Conversely, weight loss can decrease intracranial pressure and is an effective IIH treatment. Therefore, accurate monitoring of weight and body mass index (BMI) is important to help guide the management of IIH patients. Our goal was to compare estimated and measured...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: An association between idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and anemia has been speculated from previous case reports and case series. Retrospective studies to date have not used matched case controls to compare standardized complete blood count (CBC) values for the presence of anemia. Methods: At our tertiary care facility, 50 patients with IIH were matched with 50 case–control patients to compare CBC values from laboratory affiliates with standardized ranges. Results:...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: In the early stages of retrobulbar neuritis (RN), the optic disc appears normal on ophthalmoscopy. Therefore, the diagnosis of RN is usually made clinically. However, imaging tools are needed for precise diagnosis of RN, and usually MRI is used. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic performance of strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with RN. Elastography is a new sonographic technique and a noninvasive ultrasound method for evaluating the...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Abstract: A healthy 56-year-old man presented with vision changes and left upper extremity motor and sensory changes. MRI of the brain without contrast was significant for multifocal areas of restricted diffusion in multiple vascular territories. Neuro-Ophthalmic evaluation revealed an inferonasal visual field defect in the left eye, thickened choroid on optical coherence tomography, and bilateral delayed arteriovenous and choroidal filling on fluorescein angiogram. Repeat MRI demonstrated interval...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: Assessment of spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) is commonly undertaken to help determine whether intracranial pressure (ICP) is elevated. Previous studies using direct ophthalmoscopy or slit-lamp assessments have found that SVP is not observed in 67%–81% of subjects with normal ICP, and that interobserver agreement when grading SVP is poor. Methods: Patients (n = 105) undergoing clinically indicated retinal OCT scans, who were all believed to have normal ICP, had 10-second infrared...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: Deep learning (DL) has demonstrated human expert levels of performance for medical image classification in a wide array of medical fields, including ophthalmology. In this article, we present the results of our DL system designed to determine optic disc laterality, right eye vs left eye, in the presence of both normal and abnormal optic discs. Methods: Using transfer learning, we modified the ResNet-152 deep convolutional neural network (DCNN), pretrained on ImageNet, to determine...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: Through transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) it is possible to change cortical excitability of the visual cortex, and to influence binocular balance. The main goal of our study is to assess the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation, specifically theta burst stimulation (TBS), in a group of amblyopic volunteers measuring several visual parameters: visual acuity, suppressive imbalance, and stereoacuity. Methods: Thirteen volunteers aged 19 to 24 years, randomly split in...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: Although the nonaffected side appears to be clinically normal in hemifacial spasm (HFS), it is not known whether this side can be considered normal regarding histopathological findings. The purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate and compare orbicularis oculi samples of patients with HFS (not previously treated with botulinum toxin) and control patients undergoing cosmetic upper eyelid blepharoplasty. Methods: Orbicularis oculi samples from 22 eyelids were evaluated....
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: The most common causes of acquired pendular nystagmus (APN) are multiple sclerosis (MS) and oculopalatal tremor (OPT), both of which result in poor visual quality of life. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of memantine and gabapentin treatments on visual function. We also sought to correlate visual outcomes with ocular motor measures and to describe the side effects of our treatments. Methods: This study was single-center cross-over trial. A total of 16 patients...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Abstract: A 35-year-old healthy African-American woman presented with a 4-month history of gradual loss of vision in the right eye from an optic neuropathy. MRI of the orbits with gadolinium showed isolated thickening and enhancement of the right optic nerve sheath. Chest x-ray and CT-scan of the chest were performed and showed bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. This was suggestive of sarcoidosis, and the diagnosis was confirmed with histopathology. The patient promptly recovered...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Objective: The King-Devick (K-D) test is a rapid visual screening tool that can assess underlying brain trauma such as concussion via impairments in saccadic rhythm. A new tablet version of the K-D test using randomized numbers is now available, but reliability for this new version and comparison to the traditional K-D test has not yet been reported. Known for learning effects in the test, the aim of this study was to determine test–retest reliability and to compare performance of the new “randomized”...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Abstract: A 30-year-old woman presented with diplopia after resection of an intracranial cavernous malformation. Fundus examination showed an asymptomatic intraocular cavernous hemangioma of the retina. Clinicians should be aware of the potential coexistence of intraocular and intracranial cavernous malformations; the presence of both should suggest familial etiology. As with other intracranial and intraocular vascular lesions (e.g., arteriovenous malformation in Wyburn-Mason syndrome, retinal...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
Background: The primary objective was to determine the association of patient-reported vision-specific quality of life to disease status and visual function in patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). Methods: Patients with FRDA were assessed with the 25-Item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) along with measures of disease status (ataxia stage) and visual function (low- and high-contrast letter acuity scores). The relations of NEI-VFQ-25 scores to those...
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
No abstract available
Tue May 19, 2020 14:06
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