Tracheotomy in COVID‐19 patients: Optimizing patient selection and identifying prognostic indicators
Abstract Background Tracheotomy, through its ability to wean patients off ventilation, can shorten ICU length of stay and in doing so increase ICU bed capacity, crucial for saving lives during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To date, there is a paucity of patient selection criteria and prognosticators to facilitate decision making and enhance precious ICU capacity. Methods Prospective study of COVID‐19 patients undergoing tracheotomy (n = 12) over a 4‐week period (March‐April 2020). Association...
Fri May 22, 2020 13:03
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three agents – two antibiotics (amoxicillin and clindamycin) and an antiseptic (chlorhexidine) – to decontaminate bone grafts obtained by low-speed drilling. The study included 248 bone tissue samples harvested from 62 patients by low-speed drilling before dental implant placement. Each of four samples obtained from every patient was dropped, using a sterile instrument, into a sterile tube containing a 500-μl solution of 400μg/mL amoxicillin,...
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of hydrogen in a rat model of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ). The rats and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were pre-treated with hydrogen before receiving irradiation (7Gy per fraction, five fractions in total once a day for rats, 4Gy for BMSCs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell differentiation were measured in the BMSCs. Also, the radioprotective effect of hydrogen for ORNJ in Sprague-Dawley rats was examined...
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
Key points Loss‐of‐function mutations in proteins found at glycinergic synapses, most commonly in the α1 subunit of the glycine receptor (GlyR), cause the startle disease/hyperekplexia channelopathy in man. It was recently proposed that the receptors responsible are presynaptic homomeric GlyRs, rather than postsynaptic heteromeric GlyRs (which mediate glycinergic synaptic transmission), because heteromeric GlyRs are less affected by many startle mutations than homomers. We examined the α1 startle...
Sat May 23, 2020 17:30
Key points Epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord (ES) restores/improves locomotion in patients. ES‐evoked locomotor movements differ to some extent from the normal ones. Operation of the locomotor network during ES is unknown. We compared activity of individual spinal neurons during locomotion initiated by signals from the brainstem and by ES. We demonstrated that the spinal network generating locomotion under each of the two conditions is formed by the same neurons. A part of...
Sat May 23, 2020 17:29
Sat May 23, 2020 16:53
Key points Highlanders developed unique adaptative mechanisms to chronic hypoxic exposure, including substantial haemoglobin and haematocrit increases. A significant proportion of populations living permanently at high altitude developed however maladaptive features known as chronic mountain sickness (CMS). This study aimed to assess the effects of permanent life at high altitude on clinical and haemorheological parameters (blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation) and to compare clinical...
Fri May 22, 2020 21:49
Key points Within skeletal muscle the greatest resistance to oxygen transport is thought to reside across the short distance at the red blood cell‐myocyte interface. These structures generate a significant transmural oxygen pressure (PO2) gradient in mixed‐fibre type muscle. Increasing O2 flux across the capillary wall during exercise depends on i) transmural O2 pressure gradient, which is maintained in mixed‐fibre muscle, and/or ii) elevating diffusing properties between microvascular and interstitial...
Fri May 22, 2020 21:49
Dysphonia in children is a common symptom, its prevalence varies between 6% and 23%. There is a broad differential diagnosis and the recommendation is to evaluate dysphonic children with an adequate laryngeal visualization method to achieve an accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
Ideally, an analysis method for laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy (LHSV) based on the glottal area waveforms (GAW) requires images of a complete view of the glottis to ensure findings that are representatives of the vibratory behaviors of the whole vocal folds. However, in practice, the preferred images may not be obtained at all times. Often, the only available images that a clinician has to work with consist of a partial view of the glottis. This study aims to examine the effects of using images...
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
The purpose of this study was to (1) investigate the percent change in communicative participation in individuals with spasmodic dysphonia (SD) pre- and post-BOTOX® treatment; and (2) to investigate if percent change in communicative participation is predicted by change in self-esteem, coping, and/or Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) pre- and post-BOTOX® treatment.
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
Participation in sorority recruitment often results in acute vocal impairment. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the extent to which voice function and laryngeal appearance may be altered by participation in this social phenomenon.
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
Effective use of respiratory organs is important for musicians. Therefore, the impact of Respiratory Muscle Training (RMT) on phonation is open to research. The aim of this study was to investigate the measurable effects of RMT on blowing in brass instrumental and on voice performance in singers.
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
Singers are unique musicians because they use their whole body as a musical instrument. Posture and proprioception are key components for a robust and healthy voice.
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
Singers, college students, and females are groups known to be at an elevated risk of developing functional/hyperfunctional voice disorders; therefore, female college students majoring in vocal performance may be at an even higher risk. To mitigate this risk, it would be helpful to know the “safe limits” for voice use that would help maintain vocal health in this vulnerable group, but there is a paucity of high-quality objective information upon which to base such limits. This study employed weeklong...
Fri May 22, 2020 03:00
Common symptoms after thyroidectomy include voice change and throat and neck discomfort. But no common questionnaire has been developed. This study was performed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Thyroidectomy-related Voice and Symptom Questionnaire (TVSQ).
Fri May 22, 2020 03:00
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that is derived from C cells of the thyroid gland. It is a rare aggressive tumor, known to metastasize to lymph nodes, liver, bones, and lungs. A 41-year-old female, who presented with a breast mass, was initially diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. She was also found to have a thyroid mass which was later diagnosed as MTC. On a rereview of the breast pathology, the morphologic features were strikingly similar to the MTC. Further investigation...
Sat May 23, 2020 16:20
The aim of the study was to compare interpositional arthroplasty using a dermis fat graft with gap arthroplasty in the management of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We organised a prospective randomised study of 22 patients who presented with ankylosis of the TMJ. They were randomised to be treated with either plain gap arthroplasty or dermis fat arthroplasty, and the predictor variable was the method of treatment. The primary outcome variables were mouth opening and pain on jaw exercises.
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
We aimed to evaluate velopharyngeal function and speech outcomes of Sommerlad palatoplasty combined with sphincter pharyngoplasty in surgical repair of cleft palate in patients over five years old. Fifty-eight patients were reviewed between the years 2013 and 2017, 31 of whom were treated with Sommerlad palatoplasty combined with sphincter pharyngoplasty, (mean age 15 (range 9 - 22) years), and 27 were treated with Sommerlad palatoplasty alone (mean age 18 (range 10-25) years). Velopharyngeal function...
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is usually treated conservatively, but about 5% require surgical treatment. We designed a retrospective study to assess the long-term outcomes of eminectomy combined with discectomy and silastic interpositional graft in 44 patients who had chronic TMJ dysfunction that had not responded to traditional conservative treatment and arthrocentesis. The maximum mouth opening, pain score, Wilkes stage, and clinical dysfunction index were measured...
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on international medicine practice. The propensity for head and neck surgery to generate aerosols needs special consideration over and above simply adopting personal protective equipment. This study sought to interrogate the literature and evaluate whether which additional measures might provide benefit if routinely adopted in minimising viral transmission.
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
Objectives. To evaluate the potential prognostic utility of pretreatment systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients who underwent postneurosurgical radiotherapy and concurrent plus adjuvant temozolomide. Methods. The retrospective data of GBM patients who underwent postneurosurgical radiotherapy and concurrent plus adjuvant temozolomide were analyzed. For each patient, SII was calculated using the platelet, neutrophil, and lymphocyte measures...
Sat May 23, 2020 12:05
Renin angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) activation in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients is associated with elevated uric acid (UA) levels, resulting in endothelial system dysfunction. Our previous study demonstrated that excessive UA could cause endothelial injury through the aldose reductase (AR) pathway. This study is the first to show that a high concentration of Ang II in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) components, including O2⋅- and H2O2, and...
Fri May 22, 2020 20:35
Objectives. In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary magnesium on leukocyte telomere length (LTL). Designs. The current cross-sectional analysis was based on data collected within a type 2 diabetes project. Settings. Dietary magnesium intake is associated with peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length (LTL). However, few epidemiological studies have evaluated the effects of magnesium on LTL in the clinical setting. Participants. This cross-sectional analysis included 467 participants (34.8%...
Fri May 22, 2020 14:35
Abstract Background Cytology of the adrenal gland is a less performed technique even in tertiary care centres; yet cytological evaluation is an important diagnostic tool for assessment of adrenal lesions. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of FNAC smears and cellblock with immunohistochemistry (IHC) in lesions of the adrenal. Material and methods We had a total of 50 cases over a period of 2 years where both FNAC smears and cellblocks were taken. The smears and cellblocks...
Sat May 23, 2020 15:46
Fri May 22, 2020 21:39
Abstract Background The specificity and sensitivity of HEG1 for malignant mesothelioma (MM) is high. The use of BAP1/MTAP immunohistochemistry (IHC) is recommended to separate benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations. We determined how ancillary techniques can be used for the cytological diagnosis of MM with effusion. Methods Cell blocks from effusions from cases with MM, reactive mesothelial cells (RMCs), and carcinomas were analyzed by IHC with HEG1, BAP1, and MTAP and with homozygous...
Fri May 22, 2020 17:02
Fri May 22, 2020 16:58
Abstract Direct comparisons of the incidence and survival of cutaneous vs mucocutaneous genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are lacking even though they may bring important insights. We aimed to compare incidence rates and survival of cutaneous and mucocutaneous genital SCCs head‐to‐head, using the same source population, cancer registry methodology and statistical methods in a population of predominantly white Caucasian descent. Using data (2007‐2015) from the population‐based cancer registry...
Sat May 23, 2020 12:04
Red meat or saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake has been reported to increase lung cancer (LC) risk in several western countries. However, in Asia, studies on the relationship of meat and SFA intake with LC incidence are still relatively insufficient, and their conclusions are inconsistent. We investigated the association of meat and SFA intake with LC incidence in a population‐based prospective cohort study in Japan. Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval...
Fri May 22, 2020 13:06
Abstract Diagnosis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging to clinicians, particularly in a patient with low Alpha fetoprotein. Here, in ‐silico , ex‐vivo , and in‐vitro data were combined to identify liver‐specific exosomal miRNAs as an early diagnostic marker for HCC. Transcriptome profiling for mRNA and small RNA in same HCV‐HCC and normal liver tissues followed by cross‐validation of 41 deregulated miRNAs (log2FoldChange>1.5, padj<0.1) with GEO/TCGA datasets of HCV/HBV related...
Fri May 22, 2020 13:04
Abstract Intravasation, vascular dissemination and metastasis of malignant tumor cells require their passage through the vascular wall which is commonly composed of pericytes and endothelial cells. We currently decided to investigate the relative contribution of these cell types to B16F10 melanoma metastasis in mice using an experimental model of host Shb gene (Src homology 2 domain containing protein B) inactivation. Conditional inactivation of Shb in endothelial cells using Cdh5‐CreERt2 resulted...
Fri May 22, 2020 12:57
Abstract Objectives To assess whether salivary urea and creatinine levels accurately reflect their serum levels in blood samples of adults to detect chronic kidney disease. Materials and methods A systematic review was conducted in eight electronic databases. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Only diagnostic test studies were included. The JBI critical...
Sat May 23, 2020 03:00
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