Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key components of innate immune defenses. Because of the antibiotic crisis, AMPs have also come into focus as new drugs. Here, we explore whether prior exposure to sublethal doses of AMPs increases bacterial survival and abets the evolution of resistance. We show that Escherichia coli primed by sublethal doses of AMPs develop tolerance and increase persistence by producing curli or colanic acid. We develop a population dynamic model that predicts that priming delays...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Organisms rely on inducible and constitutive immune defences to combat infection. Constitutive immunity enables a rapid response to infection but may carry a cost for uninfected individuals, leading to the prediction that it will be favoured when infection rates are high. When we exposed populations of Drosophila melanogaster to intense parasitism by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi, they evolved resistance by developing a more reactive cellular immune response. Using single-cell RNA sequencing,...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Molecular phylogenetics plays a key role in comparative genomics and has an increasingly-significant impacts on science, industry, government, public health, and society. In this opinion paper, we posit that the current phylogenetic protocol is missing two critical steps, and that their absence allows model misspecification and confirmation bias to unduly influence our phylogenetic estimates. Based on the potential offered by well-established but under-used procedures (e.g., assessment of phylogenetic...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Oncogenesis, Published online: 19 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-0235-ySurface charge of Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen determines cell transformation through allosteric FBW7 WD40 domain targeting
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Oncogenesis, Published online: 19 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41389-020-0233-0Molecular targeting of renal cell carcinoma by an oral combination
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Bacillus cereus sensu lato comprises Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria producing toxins associated with foodborne diseases. Three pore-forming enterotoxins, nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe), hemolysin BL (Hbl), and cytotoxin K (CytK), are considered the primary factors in B. cereus sensu lato diarrhea. The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk of enterotoxicity among soil B. cereus sensu lato isolates representing diverse phylogroups and originated from different geographic locations...
Tue May 19, 2020 18:00
Despite knowing when life first appeared on Earth, scientists still do not understand how life occurred, which has important implications for the likelihood of finding life elsewhere in the universe. A new paper shows how an analysis using a statistical technique called Bayesian inference could shed light on how complex extraterrestrial life might evolve in alien worlds.
Mon May 18, 2020 23:26
Background. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are often presenting with overlapping symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how NMO and MS differ regarding cerebral iron deposits in deep gray matter (DGM) and the correlation between iron deposition and clinical severity as well as to regional atrophy of the DGM. Methods. We analyzed 20 patients with NMO, 40 patients with a relapsing-remitting (RR) form of MS, and 20 healthy controls with 1.5T MRI. Quantitative...
Tue May 19, 2020 18:20
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are major public health and economic burdens. DM increases Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection rates and treatment durations. This study evaluated the relationship between five classes of oral DM medications and TB infection risk in DM patients. We used longitudinal records from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Research Database. DM patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification...
Tue May 19, 2020 10:05
Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB), based on photosensitizer rose bengal (RB) and green light, has been regarded as an effective alternative to surgical suture and has been reported to provide benefits for Achilles tendon repair. Limited to the poor penetration of green light, secondary damage still exists while applying PTB for closed Achilles tendon rupture. This study is aimed at exploring the effects of noninvasive photochemical sealing on Achilles tendon rupture by the combination of PTB and...
Tue May 19, 2020 10:05
Zinc finger protein X-linked (Zfx) was regarded to be a sex determination factor and plays a critical role in spermatogenesis. RNAi is an effective method of silencing Zfx mRNA expression. However, there has been little research on the use of RNAi technology to control the sex of the offspring of red deer (Cervus elaphus). The objective of this study was first to explore an efficient method to alter the red deer offspring sex-ratio by silencing the gene Zfx during spermatogenesis. Three recombinant...
Tue May 19, 2020 09:20
Drug discovery is a costly process which usually takes more than 10 years and billions of dollars for one successful drug to enter the market. Despite all the safety tests, drugs may still cause adverse reactions and be restricted in use or even withdrawn from the market. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the major adverse drug reactions, and computational models may be used to predict and reduce it. To assess the computational prediction performance of DILI, we curated DILI endpoints from...
Tue May 19, 2020 07:50
Age-related cataract (ARC) is the major cause of blindness worldwide. The most significant factors are the maximal exposure of the eye lens to environmental stressors, including oxidative and glycative load. The administration of antioxidant and antiglycative supplements may reduce the risk of cataract progression. In this study, the effects of lutein (LU) and water chestnut (Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) extract (TBE) on cataracts and the expression of antioxidant-related genes were assessed in Shumiya...
Tue May 19, 2020 07:50
Background. Recently, a large-scale novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak swept China. As of Feb. 9, 2020, a total of 40,260 patients have been diagnosed with NCP, and 23,589 patients were suspected to have infected by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which puts forward a great challenge for public health and clinical treatment in China. Until now, we are in the high-incidence season of NCP. Thus, the analysis of the transmissibility change of NCP and its potential factors may provide...
Tue May 19, 2020 07:50
Μελέτη για τον κορωνοϊό: Tα σταγονίδια σάλιου «ταξιδεύουν» πάνω από πέντε μέτρα σε λίγα δευτερόλεπτα
Σε μελέτη που δημοσιεύθηκε στο επιστημονικό περιοδικό Physics of Fluids, ο καθηγητής του Πανεπιστημίου της Λευκωσίας, Δημήτρης Δρικάκης και ο συνεργάτης του Ταλιμπ Ντμπουκ, υποστηρίζουν ότι ακόμα και ένα ελαφρό αεράκι μπορεί να βοηθήσει τα μικροσταγονίδια σάλιου να «ταξιδέψουν» 5,4 μέτρα σε μόλις πέντε δευτερόλεπτα. Η παρατήρηση αυτή αναμένεται να συμβάλλει στην καλύτερη κατανόηση της μετάδοσης ιών, όπως ο SARS-CoV-2, μέσω του αέρα όταν κάποιος βήχει ή φτερνίζεται. «Τα σταγονίδια...
Tue May 19, 2020 20:07
Σε «κόκκινο» συναγερμό βρίσκεται μία επαρχία εκατομμυρίων κατοίκων στην Κίνα, έπειτα από έκρηξη κρουσμάτων κορωνοϊού. Μάλιστα, δυο πόλεις της περιοχής αυτής ήδη έχουν μπει σε καραντίνα, καθώς υπάρχουν φόβοι για νέο ξέσπασμα του ιού. Αξιωματούχοι από την επαρχία Τζιλίν, στην βορειοανατολική Κίνα όρισαν δυο νοσοκομεία αναφοράς για τον κορωνοϊό. Η «μολυσμένη» επαρχία στην Κίνα Οι δυο πόλεις της επαρχίας Τζιλίν έχουν ήδη εφαρμόσει πολύ αυστηρά μέτρα καραντίνας καθώς ο κορωνοϊός...
Tue May 19, 2020 16:27
#Work together, #shape the future, #enjoy life!, είναι το μήνυμα της ψηφιακής καμπάνιας ενημέρωσης για τις κλινικές μελέτες που οργάνωσε ο Σύλλογος Επιχειρήσεων Διεξαγωγής Κλινικών Μελετών Ελλάδος – HACRO με αφορμή την Παγκόσμια Ημέρα Κλινικών Μελετών (20 Μαΐου). Η εμπειρία μας με τον COVID-19 ήταν ιδιαίτερα σημαντική για την ευαισθητοποίηση και ενημέρωση όλων γύρω από τη διαχείριση μιας νόσου αλλά και της ανάγκης άμεσης εύρεσης κατάλληλης θεραπευτικής λύσης. Μέσα από τη διαδικασία αυτή αναδείχθηκε...
Tue May 19, 2020 15:33
Ένα απλό τεστ σάλιου που ανέπτυξαν επιστήμονες βιοεπιστημών από το Τεχνολογικό Πανεπιστήμιο του Queensland ανίχνευσε καρκίνο του στοματοφάρυγγα σε πρώιμο στάδιο σε άτομο που δεν παρουσίαζε κανένα σύμπτωμα και κανένα κλινικό δείγμα καρκίνου, σύμφωνα με τα όσα αναφέρονται στη σχετική δημοσίευση στο Frontiers in Oncology. Το μη επεμβατικό τεστ, που θεωρείται το πρώτο του είδους του παγκοσμίως, συνέλεξε DNA του ιού HPV από δείγμα σιέλου ενός μολυσμένου αλλά υγιούς ατόμου. Η λοίμωξη από HPV είναι αυτή...
Tue May 19, 2020 08:15
Abstract Anatomical variations such as a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) are very rare (reported rates within 0.6–1% to the right side and only four cases to the left side) but they can lead to serious risk of nerve lesion during thyroidectomy. It is known that to prevent inferior laryngeal nerve lesions, it is mandatory to obtain a correct and wide exposure of the nerve during all kind of thyroid surgeries but in case of laryngeal nerve position anomalies, it is hard to...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Falls have serious consequences for seniors, especially those who live alone. Medical alert devices can notify emergency services, but they are not always worn. In addition, they do not address fall prevention by encouraging active lifestyles and physical strengthening. WalkWise hopes to fill these gaps. The Fargo, ND-based company offers a smart device that can be attached to the wheels of most walkers. The device can alert family members to falls and it collects walker activity data. These...
Tue May 19, 2020 23:47
Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed a magnetic tracking system for surgical robots to operate with dexterity within the body. The technology does not require patient or clinician exposure to radiation, and is much less expensive that pre-existing monitoring techniques. A magnet is embedded in the tip of the robot and a series of sensors can track its location, while a neural network improves the accuracy of the tracking system. “Continuum medical robots work...
Tue May 19, 2020 16:52
Abstract Background Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the tooth supporting structures that finally can lead to tooth loss. As chronic periodontitis is associated with systemic diseases multiple approaches have been followed to support regeneration of the destructed tissue. But very few materials are actually used in the clinic. A new and promising group of biomaterials with advantageous biomechanical properties that have...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background Gingivitis is a common oral health problem, and untreated gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. The objectives of this study were to (1) explore associated factors of gingival bleeding and calculus among 12-year-old adolescents; (2) find predictive models for gingivitis management. Methods Four thousand five hundred...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) provide the tools for enabling fast and reliable real-time communications, as well as the transfer of information between dental professionals and their patients. However, little is known about the frequency and preference of ICTs among Latin-American dentists. Our study aims to fill this gap by assessing different aspects related to ICTs, mainly...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background Dental caries, despite improvement in oral health across the globe, is still a large contributor to the global burden of oral diseases and a major public health concern. In Enugu state, Nigeria, there is minimal access to adequate and proper oral health care. This study examined the determinants of dental caries treatment provision and the challenges of providing equitable access to oral health care. ...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive method that can be used to increase the understanding of the pathomechanics of joints. Various types of real-time gradient echo sequences used for dynamic MRI acquisition of joints include balanced steady-state free precession sequence, radiofrequency-spoiled sequence, and ultra-fast gradient echo sequence. Due to their short repetition time and echo time, these sequences provide high temporal resolution, a...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Testicular trauma is common, usually trivial and rarely requires hospital attendance, but if it does, then imaging becomes essential as scrotal assessment may be difficult due to pain and/or scrotal disruption. Ultrasound (US) assumes a crucial role as other cross-sectional modalities have a limited use in the acute presentation. Despite the acceptable accuracy of conventional US techniques, there are limitations which hinder a thorough evaluation, critically the assessment...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract The enlargement of the bronchial arteries occurs in a multitude of congenital and acquired diseases and is responsible for the majority of cases of hemoptysis. In this review, we provide a simplified imaging approach to the evaluation of the bronchial arteries. We highlight the anatomy and function of the bronchial arteries, typical imaging findings, how to recognize bronchial artery dilatation, and its underlying causes. Contrast-enhanced computer tomography plays...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma are relatively new classification entities which replace the now retired term, bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC). The radiographic appearance of these lesions ranges from pure, ground glass nodules to large, solid masses. A thorough understanding of the new classification is essential to radiologists who work with MDT colleagues to provide...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Lymphoma in HIV-infected patients is AIDS defining. This is the second most common AIDS defining malignancy after Kaposi’s sarcoma. Development of lymphoma in HIV patients is related to immunosuppression and high viral load. Co-infection with other lymphotrophic viruses especially EBV is also strongly associated with development of lymphoma in HIV patients. Despite advances in HAART therapy, incidence of diffuse large B cell lymphoma in HIV-infected patients remains...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background Otosclerosis causes conductive, sensorineural and mixed hearing loss (CHL, SNHL, MHL) and tinnitus in young adults. It is best diagnosed on high-resolution CT (HRCT). Occasionally, patients presenting with SNHL and/or tinnitus may undergo temporal bone MRI as the first investigation. In this study, we have described the role of MRI as the first-line modality in the detection of previously undiagnosed otosclerosis....
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose of Review To provide an updated review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of migraine with aura. Recent Findings Thalamic and other subcortical regions may play a role in the pathophysiology of migraine. There is inter-patient and intra-patient attack variability in the characteristics of typical aura especially...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose of Review To provide an overview of vestibular lab testing and to familiarize the reader with common results observed in headache patients with dizziness. Recent Findings The latest research indicates variable levels of both peripheral and central vestibular dysfunction in headache populations with dizziness. Mechanisms...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Fabiano Baroni, Benjamin Morillon, Agnès Trébuchon, Catherine Liégeois-Chauvel, Itsaso Olasagasti, Anne-Lise Giraud
Tue May 19, 2020 22:23
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Fabian Schmidt, Gianpaolo Demarchi, Florian Geyer, Nathan Weisz
Tue May 19, 2020 22:23
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Daniel Kristanto, Mianxin Liu, Xinyang Liu, Werner Sommer, Changsong Zhou
Tue May 19, 2020 22:23
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2020Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Ru-Yuan Zhang, Kendrick Kay
Tue May 19, 2020 22:23
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