Abstract Rationale Prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI) is disrupted in several psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Understanding PPI pharmacology may help elucidate the pathophysiology of these disorders and lead to better treatments. Given the advantages of multi-target approaches for complex mental illnesses treatment, we have investigated the interaction between receptors known to modulate PPI (5-HT1A and...
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Abstract Rationale Cortical and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation are associated with behavioral deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Objectives The present study was designed to investigate the potential protective effects of flavonoid chrysin against TBI-induced vestibulomotor impairment, exploratory/locomotor...
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Abstract Rationale Depression and anxiety frequently co-occur, and this has important clinical implications. Previous studies showed that activation of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor (NOP) elicits anxiolytic effects, while its blockade promotes consistent antidepressant actions. NOP antagonists are effective in reversing footshock-induced depressive-like behaviors, but their effects on stress-induced anxiety are still unclear....
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Abstract Introduction Depression is characterized by behavioral, cognitive and physiological changes, imposing a major burden on the overall wellbeing of the patient. Some evidence indicates that social stress, changes in growth factors (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)), and neuroinflammation are involved in the development and progression of the disease. The monoamine oxidase A inhibitor drug harmine was suggested...
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Analytical ChemistryDOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01335
Tue May 19, 2020 07:00
Abstract Introduction Neuroendoscopic biopsy represents the procedure of choice for pure intraventricular lesions. Instead, in case of deep-seated paraventricular tumors, with intact ependyma, the advantage of neuroendoscopy over stereotactic biopsy is not so evident, because the lesion is not under direct vision; the tissue sample may be limited to more superficial ependymal layer, and bleeding may obscurate vision. Also, stereotactic...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
The Maasai are the current residents of Engare Sero, a region in Northern Tanzania. They've shifted from the nomadic lifestyle that prehistoric humans in the area had. (Tomas Adzke/Deposit Photos/)William E.H. Harcourt-Smith is a research associate in the Division of Paleontology at the American Museum of Natural History and associate professor in Anthropology at Lehman College, CUNY. Briana Pobiner is a research scientist and museum educator at Smithsonian Institution. This story originally featured...
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India has been planning for an extreme weather season in the context of COVID-19 for some time. (NASA Worldview /)On the Bay of Bengal this week, an environmental disaster has a name: Amphan. The storm, which was recently reclassified from a super cyclone to a slightly less severe, super cyclonic storm, is among the strongest storms ever to be recorded in the Bay. It could potentially impact almost 40 million people in India and Bangladesh, according to the Pacific Disaster Center, which tracks natural...
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Every year, big tech companies such as Apple, Google, and Facebook use developer conferences to entice coders to work on apps, devices, and other software to run on their respective platforms. The pandemic, of course, put the brakes on large gatherings, which makes bringing 5,000 coders together impossible. Rather than canceling its festivities this year, Microsoft is currently putting on its Build conference completely remotely and offering the seminars and presentations for free to everyone. Attending...
Tue May 19, 2020 22:24
A little protection goes a long way. (Alan J. Hendry via Unsplash/)A home security system is so much more than a break-in deterrent—it’s a way to keep tabs on every type of unexpected event at your place while you’re away. Not long ago, home security systems were prohibitively expensive, difficult-to-install behemoths with complicated user interfaces and only the most basic of tech. In recent years, though, the home security market has blown wide open, offering up stylish and accessible designs with...
Tue May 19, 2020 21:20
Pans for all occasions. (Margo Brodowicz via Unsplash/)No matter what level you cook at, nothing is as tragically avoidable as ruining a perfectly good meal by using the wrong pan. Sure, you can technically make sauce in a skillet, but you might lose half of it over the rim—or you can try your hand at stir-frying in a saucepan, but the results are more likely to be overcooked. Just like you wouldn’t use a hammer on a screw, you wouldn’t want to wrestle your next meal out of your poor, unwitting ingredients....
Tue May 19, 2020 18:55
Declare your intent to ferment. (Joanna Kosinska via Unsplash/)Fermented dairy has long been part of health fads, with the probiotic bacteria they contain marketed as active and happy cultures that valiantly wage war against digestive issues. In truth, there’s a lot of misinformation online about probiotics, their benefits, and their potential side effects. That doesn’t take away from the fact that many people enjoy eating yogurt as a source of dairy (or non-dairy) protein, calcium, and general yumminess....
Tue May 19, 2020 18:51
While we all stay safe at home, Popular Science is making our Summer issue, which is exclusively publishing as a digital edition, available to everyone. (The Voorhes/)There was a lot we didn’t know a year ago when we picked “Play” as the topic for our Summer issue. We didn’t know that a pandemic would put much of the United States and the world on lockdown. We didn’t know the Olympics, one of the reasons we selected the theme, would be postponed. Heck, we didn’t know I’d be writing this letter, my...
Tue May 19, 2020 17:17
If you can show your kids how to love and care for nature, all that extra prepping will be more than worth it. (Greg Rosenke / Unsplash/)Hiking with kids can be tough. They get worn out, throw tantrums, feel bored, and discover poison ivy with unparalleled dexterity. They require constant supervision. But they also develop new skills, satisfy their endless curiosity, and experience independence when they spend time outdoors. For many, that’s more than reason enough to hit the trails with young ones.But...
Tue May 19, 2020 16:12
An inch-long bogong moth covers hundreds of miles of Australian terrain to return to its birthplace. (Ajay Narendra/)For some species, neighborhood pride is more about survival than sentiment. Many creatures travel hundreds of miles to find resources before returning home to mate. How do they know where to go? Signature smells and magnetism help migrators, but some parts of the process are a mystery.Aquatic animals generally just follow currents to open waters, but aromatic awareness comes in handy...
Tue May 19, 2020 13:00
Skeletal growth in class II malocclusion from childhood to adolescence: does the profile straighten?
There is relatively little appreciation of the changes in maxillary-mandibular relationships occurring during adolescence among subjects with normal and increased overjet. The aim of this study was to assess d...
Mon May 18, 2020 03:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710520 Objectives Although microvascular decompression (MVD) has been widely accepted as an effective treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), some patients have not been cured. To improve the postoperative outcome, the surgical procedure should be further refined. Design This is a retrospective study. Setting Present study conducted at a cranial nerve disorder center. Participants: Clinical data were collected...
Tue May 19, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710516 Objectives This study aimed to describe the impact of adverse clinical and pathologic features in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Design This study is designed with retrospective chart review. Setting present study conducted at a tertiary care institution. Participants All patients treated surgically for sinonasal SCC at our tertiary care institution between January 2006 and December 2013. ...
Tue May 19, 2020 02:00
J Neurol Surg B Skull BaseDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701673 Introduction Tumors of the lateral skull base often require collaboration between neurosurgeons and neurotologists for the surgical approach. The three main transosseous surgical approaches are retrosigmoid (RS), translabyrinthine (TL), and middle fossa (MF). The literature reflects a relative paucity regarding the various closure techniques for these approaches and the postoperative complications. We have performed a systematic review...
Tue May 19, 2020 02:00
Related ArticlesThe use of hydrogen peroxide in the treatment of burn wound infection: a systematic review, and survey of current clinical practice in the United Kingdom. Int J Burns Trauma. 2020;10(2):38-46 Authors: Mihailidis TH Abstract BACKGROUND: Current treatment of burn wound infection (BWI) is with antibiotics and/or wound cleaning/superficial debridement. The overuse of antibiotics has contributed to antibiotic resistance. One possible solution...
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Related ArticlesSkin burns in Saudi Arabia: causes, management, outcomes and quality of life after skin burns. Int J Burns Trauma. 2020;10(2):28-37 Authors: Almutlaq BA, Jarman A, Alfraihi R, Albasher G, Alotaibi RM, Alqahtani AS, Al-Qahtani WS, Elasbali AM, Ahmed HG Abstract BACKGROUND: Burn is one of the major global health problem causing trauma and stress. A burn injury can cause functional impairment and psychosocial burdens affecting the quality...
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Related ArticlesArtiss® and burn treatment: a retrospective analysis contributing to current clinical practice. Int J Burns Trauma. 2020;10(2):21-27 Authors: Van Kerckhoven L, Den Hondt M, Van Brussel M, Vranckx J Abstract BACKGROUND: Tangential excision and autologous skin graft coverage is a foundational principle in burn surgery. Fibrin sealant (Artiss®) was developed recently as alternative to staples for graft fixation. The aim of this study was...
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Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/a-1175-6502© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Full text
Tue May 19, 2020 02:00
The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of methylene blue removal using Oued Sebou sediments as an adsorbent. The presence of carboxyl functional group demonstrated by infrared (IR) analysis of the sediment favorized the methylene blue (MB) adsorption. Sediment collected from Oued Sebou could remove the most MB molecules at pH 8. The Freundlich model described suitably the adsorption process. The experimental measured enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS°) are 118.1 kJ mol−1 and 395.2 J mol−1 K−1,...
Tue May 19, 2020 20:50
Related ArticlesIncidence of low back pain and sacroiliitis in military families with acne vulgaris under isotretinoin therapy. Am J Clin Exp Immunol. 2020;9(2):6-9 Authors: Taheri A, Sabouhi S, Farazmand F Abstract BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a common complication that patients referred to dermatologist, also there are medications to manage of this such as isotretinoin, and incidence of low back pain in these patients is more than general population,...
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A major transformation in vertebrate evolution took place when breathing shifted from being driven by head and throat muscles -- like in fish and frogs -- to the torso -- like in reptiles and mammals. But what caused the shift? A new study posits that the intermediate step was locomotion. When lizards walk, they bend side-to-side. The ribs and vertebrae are crucial to this movement, and the mechanics follow the same pattern as when they inhale and exhale.
Tue May 19, 2020 22:35
Acute laryngitis is a common disease with self-limiting nature. Since the leading cause is attributed to viral infections and thus self-limiting, many affected individuals do not seek professional medical help. However, because the major symptom of hoarseness imposes a substantial burden in everyday life, it might be speculated that web-based search interest on this condition follows incidence rates, with highest peaks during winter months. The aim of this study was to evaluate global public health-information...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Laryngology is an expanding field with incorporation in resident training nationwide. However, the breadth of training in laryngology reported by residents has not been previously evaluated. This project assesses the variability in laryngology training among otolaryngology residents.
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (TREK-1) and Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) are involved in epithelial integrity and fluid transport, respectively. In this study, we aimed to compare physiological and gestational patterns of TREK-1 and AQP5 location and expression in rat larynx. Our secondary objective was to reveal the effect of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PG) on these two biomolecules.
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
We report the first detection of Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797), in Bhutan. FAW feeds on more than 300 plant species and is a serious pest of many. It has been spreading through Africa since 2016 and Asia since 2018. In Bhutan, this species was first detected in maize fields in the western part of the country in September 2019 and subsequently found infesting maize crop in southern parts of the country in December 2019 and April 2020. Using morphological and molecular techniques...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
The world is going through a global viral pandemic with devastating effects on human life and socioeconomic activities. This pandemic is the result of a zoonotic coronavirus, Severe Acute Respirsatory Syndrom Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is believed to have originated in bats and transferred to humans possibly through an intermediate host species (Zhou et al. 2020; Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 2020). The virus attacks host cells by attaching...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Over time, populations of species can expand, contract, and become isolated, creating subpopulations that can adapt to local conditions. Understanding how species adapt following these changes is of great interest, especially as the current climate crisis has caused range shifts for many species. Here, we characterize how Drosophila innubila came to inhabit and adapt to its current range: mountain forests in southwestern USA separated by large expanses of desert. Using population genomic data from...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
To address how gene regulation plays a key role in phenotypic innovations through high throughput transcriptomes, it is desirable to develop statistically-sound methods that enable researchers to study the pattern of transcriptome evolution. Most methods currently available are based on the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model that considers the stabilizing selection as the baseline model of transcriptome evolution. In this paper, we developed a new evolutionary approach, based on the genome-wide p-value...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
There is no satisfactory explanation for why peacock possesses a tail, presence and especially courtship display of which makes the organism vulnerable to predation. Here, I present a model according to which in a polygynous mating system a mechanism which increases vulnerability to predation, a Zahavian handicap, evolves when other two mechanisms to identify high-quality males are either absent or are not sufficiently strong. The two mechanisms are: 1) male resource acquisition ability, and 2) male-male...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
For the past decades, simulation-based likelihood-free inference methods have enabled researchers to address numerous population genetics problems. As the richness and amount of simulated and real genetic data keep increasing, the field has a strong opportunity to tackle tasks that current methods hardly solve. However, high data dimensionality forces most methods to summarize large genomic datasets into a relatively small number of handcrafted features (summary statistics). Here we propose an alternative...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Hosts and viruses are constantly evolving in response to each other: as hosts attempt to suppress the virus, the virus attempts to evade and suppress the hosts immune system. This arms race results in the evolution of novel pathways in both the host and virus to gain the upper hand. Here we describe the coevolution between Drosophila species and a common and virulent DNA virus. We identify two distinct viral types that differ 100-fold in viral titer in infected individuals, with similar effects across...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
Over time, populations of species can expand, contract, and become isolated, creating subpopulations that can adapt to local conditions. Understanding how species adapt following these changes is of great interest, especially as the current climate crisis has caused range shifts for many species. Here, we characterize how Drosophila innubila came to inhabit and adapt to its current range: mountain forests in southwestern USA separated by large expanses of desert. Using population genomic data from...
Tue May 19, 2020 03:00
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