Purpose The main cause of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is pathological changes in the flexor synovium, which is a known cause of pressure elevation in the carpal tunnel. The importance of the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) in the pathogenesis of CTS has hitherto been overlooked. However, the TCL significantly affects carpal biomechanics; the TCL is known to affect the carpal bone to a greater extent when intra carpal tunnel pressure is high. In addition, the effect of TCL properties on the progression...
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Background The evolving 3-dimensional computer-based technology revolutionized the field of orthognathic surgery (OGS). Digital occlusion setup for OGS may provide advantages in the planning comparing with the conventional approach based on the manual setup using dental casts, but we are not aware of any study focusing on digital occlusion setup for cleft OGS. The purposes of this study were to compare the conventional and digital occlusion setup approaches and to propose a protocol for digital...
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Background Because of direct sun exposure, lower forehead and temporal area are anatomical regions with frequently observed skin tumors. The resulting defects after oncological ablations are usually treated, especially in older patients, by split thickness skin grafting or A-to-T and O-to-T flaps if facing small defects. On specific sites that expose bone or periosteum as well as when a skin graft is best avoided for cosmetic reasons, alternative reconstructive procedures should be considered....
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Auricular cartilage reconstruction represents one of the greatest challenges for otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. The native structure and composition of the auricular cartilage can be achieved by combining a suitable chondrogenic cell source with an appropriate scaffold. In reconstructive surgery for cartilage tissue, autogenous cartilage is considered to be the best chondrogenic cell source. Polycaprolactone is mainly used as a tissue-engineered scaffold owing to its mechanical properties,...
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Three End-to-End Techniques for Microvascular Anastomosis of Vessels With Different Size Discrepancy
Background Size discrepancy in microvascular anastomosis is a common issue in free flap transfer and replantation surgery. A number of different techniques have been described to overcome the problem, but optimal method continues to be defined. Methods Since June 2015 to May 2018, clinical courses of 103 microvascular cases performed by one senior surgeon were reviewed. Three end-to-end techniques including mechanical dilation, single-mattress suture, and wedge resection were applied in 364...
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No abstract available
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A superior advantage of the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap is that any donor site residue can easily be hidden by clothing. Usually designed as narrow or moderate-sized flaps based on medial perforators of the superficial branch, this readily allows primary donor site closure. However, for larger flaps, tension-free closure requires that the thigh remain flexed or even a skin graft used. Another alternative would be to use an adequate lateral perforator of the deep branch, if...
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Publication date: September 2020Source: Brain and Language, Volume 208Author(s): Olga Dragoy, Andrey Zyryanov, Oleg Bronov, Elizaveta Gordeyeva, Natalya Gronskaya, Oksana Kryuchkova, Evgenij Klyuev, Dmitry Kopachev, Igor Medyanik, Lidiya Mishnyakova, Nikita Pedyash, Igor Pronin, Andrey Reutov, Andrey Sitnikov, Ekaterina Stupina, Konstantin Yashin, Valeriya Zhirnova, Andrey Zuev
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Publication date: Available online 13 July 2020Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Jingqiang Wang, Fan Zhang, Changchen Zhao, Qingrun Zeng, Jianzhong He, Lauren J. O'Donnell, Yuanjing Feng
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Publication date: Available online 13 July 2020Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Annakarina Mundorf, Hiroshi Matsui, Sebastian Ocklenburg, Nadja Freund
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Publication date: Available online 13 July 2020Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Karenine M.H. Cavalcante, José M.M. Bispo, Marina F. Souza, Katty A.A.L. Medeiros, Lívia C.R.F. Lins, Edson R. Santos, João E.C. Melo, Auderlan M. Gois, Ywlliane S.R. Meurer, Pollyana C. Leal, Murilo Marchioro, José R. Santos
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the 2-year follow-up results of early implant placement with simultaneous peri-implant augmentation using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and a synthetic bone substitute in the aesthetic zone. Twenty subjects were enrolled in this study, they were either males (eight) or females (12), with a mean age of 47.8±4.45 years and each patient was treated with one implant. Simultaneous contour augmentation with guided bone regeneration was performed using synthetic...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare and difficult-to-diagnose disease, especially when limited to the jaws. We report the case of a 5-year-old girl with spontaneous jaw pain and a large pre-auricular facial swelling overlying the angle of the mandible that was non-responsive to previous antibiotic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment. The diagnosis was confirmed as CNO following evaluation and workup by a multidisciplinary team. The patient exhibited a favourable response...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
The purpose of this study was to clarify the frequency of missed mandibular fractures and to identify possible predictive factors for missed diagnosis. This was a retrospective study that included patients <20 years of age with a recent mandibular fracture. The outcome variable was missed mandibular fracture, which was determined when a fracture was not suspected or diagnosed during the patient’s first assessment in primary healthcare. The primary predictor variable was age group (i.e. children...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
We aimed to study the prevalence of orbital blowout fractures and evaluate the causes and the location of orbital cavity fractures. In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of all patients admitted with facial trauma were assessed, sociodemographic information as well as the aetiology of trauma extracted, and the computed tomographic images of the patients were reassessed. Location of orbital blowout fractures and the severity of orbital fractures were evaluated. A total of 203 cases had...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
Peritoneal carcinoma is a rare disease that is diagnosed and treated in a manner similar to ovarian cancer. In most cases, the histological type is serous carcinoma, and chemotherapy is effective. However, the...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the active transportation of various endogenous or exogenous substances. Two ABCG2 gene subfamily members have been identified in birds. A detailed comparat...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
Diverse architectures of nervous systems (NSs) such as a plexus in cnidarians or a more centralized nervous system (CNS) in insects and vertebrates are present across Metazoa, but it is unclear what selection ...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
A new study has narrowed down the region of the genome that drives the black color in throat and face of warblers by studying the hybrid offspring produced when two species mate. The hybrids of golden-winged and blue-winged warblers have a mix of coloration from the parent species, which allows researchers to identify which regions of the genome are associated with which color patterns. The study also reveals a more complex basis for the amount of yellow in warbler bellies and raises concerns about...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 21:30
Researchers argue that cognitive studies in comparative psychology often wrongly take an anthropocentric approach, resulting in an over-valuation of human-like abilities and the assumption that cognitive skills cluster in animals as they do in humans. The authors advocate for philosophical and procedural changes to the discipline that would lead to a better understanding of animal minds and the evolution of multiple forms of cognition.
Tue Jul 14, 2020 17:12
Although carrion crows and hooded crows are almost indistinguishable genetically, they avoid mating with each other. Researchers have now identified a mutation that appears to contribute to this instance of reproductive isolation.
Tue Jul 14, 2020 17:12
Ontogenetic data obtained by synchrotron microtomography of a marginal jawbone of Lophosteus superbus (Late Silurian, 422 Million years old), the phylogenetically basalmost stem osteichthyan, reveal developmental relationships between teeth and ornament that are not obvious from the adult morphology. The earliest odontodes are two longitudinal founder ridges formed at the ossification center. Subsequent odontodes that are added lingually to the ridges turn into conical teeth and undergo cyclic replacement,...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
Maximizing cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma evolutionary game via optimal control [NEW RESULTS]
The prisoner's dilemma (PD) game offers a simple paradigm of competition between two players who can either cooperate or defect. Since defection is a strict Nash equilibrium, it is an asymptotically stable state of the replicator dynamical system that uses the PD payoff matrix to define the fitness landscape of two interacting evolving populations. The dilemma arises from the fact that the average payoff of this asymptotically stable state is sub-optimal. Coaxing the players to cooperate would result...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
All the cells of a multicellular organism are the product of cell divisions that trace out a single binary tree, the so-called cell lineage tree. Because cell divisions are accompanied by replication errors, the shape of the cell lineage tree is one of the key determinants of how somatic evolution, which can potentially lead to cancer, proceeds. Cancer initiation usually requires the accumulation of a certain number of driver mutations. By mapping the accumulation of driver mutations into a graph...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
Colouration plays a key role in the ecology of many species, influencing how an organism interacts with its environment, other species and conspecifics. Guppies are sexually dimorphic, with males displaying sexually selected colouration resulting from female preference. Previous work has suggested that much of guppy colour pattern variation is Y-linked. However, it remains unclear how many individual colour patterns are Y-linked in natural populations as much of the previous work has focused on phenotypes...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
Some sea slugs sequester chloroplasts from algal food in their intestinal cells and photosynthesize for months. This phenomenon, kleptoplasty, poses a question of how the chloroplast retains its activity without the algal nucleus, and there have been debates on the horizontal transfer of algal genes to the animal nucleus. To settle the arguments, we report the genome of a kleptoplastic sea slug Plakobranchus ocellatus and found no evidence that photosynthetic genes are encoded on the nucleus. Nevertheless,...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Hybridization is differentially manifested across the genome, with selection and migration effectively balancing the expression of introgressed genes. These issues can now be effectively quantified through the unprecedented resolution of contemporary sequencing technologies, such that researchers can identify genetic elements involved in cross-species exchange. Furthermore, genomic patterns can now be associated with ecologically relevant phenotypes, given availability of annotated reference genomes....
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Oligomeric proteins are central to life. Duplication and divergence of their genes is a key evolutionary driver, also because duplications can yield very different outcomes. Given a homomeric ancestor, duplication can yield two paralogs that form two distinct homomeric complexes, or a heteromeric complex comprising both paralogs. Alternatively, one paralog remains a homomer while the other acquires a new partner. However, so far, conflicting trends have been noted with respect to which fate dominates,...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Ciliates are microbial eukaryotes with distinct somatic and germline genomes. Post-zygotic development involves extensive remodeling of the germline genome to form somatic chromosomes. Ciliates therefore offer a valuable model for studying the architecture and evolution of programmed genome rearrangements. Current studies usually focus on a few model species, where rearrangement features are annotated by aligning reference germline and somatic genomes. While many high-quality somatic genomes have...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Synthetic lethal interactions are of paramount importance both in biology and in medicine, and hence increasing efforts have been devoted to their systematic identification. A recent computational study found that synthetic lethal genes tend to be further away in chromosomes than random (i.e. repulsion), which was shown to provide bacterial genomes with greater robustness to large-scale DNA deletions. To evaluate this observation using published experimental data and to test its generalizability...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
In Angiosperms, perennials typically present much higher levels of inbreeding depression than annuals. One hypothesis to explain this pattern stems from the observation that inbreeding depression is expressed across multiple life stages in Angiosperms. It posits that increased inbreeding depression in more long-lived species could be explained by differences in the way mutations affect fitness in these species, through the life stages at which they are expressed. In this study, we investigate this...
Mon Jul 13, 2020 03:00
Publication date: Available online 14 July 2020Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck DiseasesAuthor(s): O. Laccourreye
Tue Jul 14, 2020 22:28
Publication date: Available online 14 July 2020Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck DiseasesAuthor(s): M. Fieux, J.-B. Mélan, R. Hermann, E. Truy, S. Tringali
Tue Jul 14, 2020 22:28
Publication date: Available online 13 July 2020Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Xiangwu Chen, Maierhaba Xiaokaiti, Suqian Wu, Wang Yao, Shuqi You, Gang Li, Xiaofen Mo
Tue Jul 14, 2020 21:59
Publication date: Available online 14 July 2020Source: Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyAuthor(s): James E. Gern
Tue Jul 14, 2020 21:00
Abstract Background The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of revascularization therapy in traumatized permanent incisors to determine whether this approach could be implemented into clinical routine. Methods A total of 16 traumatized incisors (either avulsion or severe luxation/intrusion)...
Tue Jul 14, 2020 03:00
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