In high dose rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy metal or plastic needles are implanted into the prostate gland through the perineum and the treatment is delivered using a single radioactive source driven by a remote afterloader. The dwell positions where the source stops within each needle, and the dwell time that the source stops at each dwell position, are optimised to deliver the required dose to the prostate gland while reducing the dose to organs at risk and surrounding normal tissue as much...
Tue May 05, 2020 03:00
For gastric cancer, surgical resection currently forms the basis for curative treatment. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has shown to improve outcome [1]. Recently, the CRITICS-II trial (NCT02931890) started, in which the effect of pre-operative chemoradiotherapy is evaluated [2]. Within this trial, two of the three treatment arms include radiotherapy. The entire stomach and certain regional lymph nodes (determined by tumor location) are the clinical target volume (CTV) for radiotherapy, which currently...
Tue May 05, 2020 03:00
Survivors of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) treated with radiotherapy (RT) risk a host of substantial, lifelong functional impairments. Functional toxicity is of particular interest in OPC survivorship as the rise in biologically favorable HPV-associated disease in younger patients has led to unprecedented numbers of long-term survivors facing late effects of RT at relatively young ages (commonly in their 60s). Thus, it is more imperative than ever to develop and implement proactive risk reduction...
Tue May 05, 2020 03:00
We analyzed 135 patients (including 27 EGFR-mutant and 29 EGFR-wild) with T1-3N0M0 non-squamous NSCLC treated by PBT. Considering the 3-year cumulative incidence, the EGFR-mutant group showed a significantly lower infield failure rate (9% vs 27%, p=0.02) and higher out-of-field failure rate (67% vs 40%, p=0.02) than the EGFR-wild group.
Tue May 05, 2020 03:00
FLASH radiotherapy (RT) delivers ultra-fast radiation treatment with a dose rate several orders of magnitude higher than conventional dose rates [1–7]. It has been reported that FLASH-RT can significantly spare normal tissues in comparison to RT at conventional dose rates, whereas tumor responses are the same as or better than those resulting from conventional dose rate RT [1–7]. This FLASH effect has been demonstrated in various experimental animal models (mice, zebrafish, pigs, cats), various organs...
Tue May 05, 2020 03:00
It is recognized that the anti-tumor effect of radiotherapy is linked to a direct damaging effect on tumor cells DNA and to the generation of free oxygen radicals, but recently it was also related to its priming action on the immune system [1,2]. The radiation-induced immune activation was shown to elicit a systemic antitumor response, reducing the risk of distant failures by the so-called abscopal effect. Recent studies demonstrated that in the context of the pre-operative chemoradiotherapy (poCRT)...
Tue May 05, 2020 03:00
Radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy (RICV) has been described in paediatric patients after radiation therapy (RT) for tumours of optic tracts, hypothalamus, and suprasellar region [1,2]. Delayed RICV mainly results from an accelerated arteriosclerosis process of small and medium sized vessels within the radiation field [3,4]. This complication can present as moyamoya syndrome, which results from stenosis or occlusion of large and intermediate cerebral arteries [5]. The real incidence of RT-induced...
Tue May 05, 2020 03:00
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