Abstract There is a widespread belief that for their own safety and for the protection of wildlife, cats should be permanently kept indoors. Against this view, I argue that cat guardians have a duty to provide their feline companions with outdoor access. The argument is based on a sophisticated hedonistic account of animal well-being that acknowledges that the performance of species-normal ethological behavior is especially pleasurable. Territorial behavior, which requires outdoor...
Sat Oct 26, 2019 03:00
Abstract It is usually claimed that taste utterances have judge-dependent semantic content. Jeremy Wyatt recently proposed a semantic theory that rejects this claim. According to him, the semantic content of taste sentences is judge-independent, but the content of our assertions made by uttering taste sentences is judge-dependent. He showed that this account explains faultless disagreements about tastes. My paper aims to raise some challenges to his proposal. First, a judge-independent...
Sat Oct 26, 2019 03:00
Abstract The characteristics of male anurans’ calls play an important role in mating success during the breeding season. In this study, we analyzed intra- and inter-individual variability of the advertisement calls of the pale-shouldered horned toad (Xenophrys boettgeri) in the field during its breeding season in Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China. The results showed that some acoustic parameters were significantly correlated with morphological features and air temperature. Most...
Tue Oct 01, 2019 03:00
Abstract To effectively respond to predation risk, prey must assess the risk associated with different predation cues. Predation cues can stem either from the predator or from conspecifics and indicate different predation risk levels, thus eliciting different anti-predation responses. The three-spined stickleback is a well-studied fish species often found in gregarious formations. Previous studies show that sticklebacks perform a variety of anti-predation behaviours; however,...
Tue Oct 01, 2019 03:00
Abstract Polygynous males increase their reproductive success by fertilizing as many females as possible. However, this strategy can lead to costs for the males. This study focused on an atypical wolf spider that lives in webs, Aglaoctenus lagotis. Previous studies report polyandrous females, but little is known about the mating strategy of males and its potential associated costs. Our goals were to determine the potential polygyny and the changes in sexual behaviour, body condition...
Tue Oct 01, 2019 03:00
Abstract Intraguild predators can have behavioral mechanisms to maximize foraging and/or avoid predation. However, there is a lack of information about the influence of such prey-predator interactions on the daily activity of the species involved. Therefore, we investigated the daily activity of two intraguild predators, Tityus pusillus Pocock, 1893 and Ananteris mauryi Lourenço, 1982, in the presence and absence of each other. Animals were observed in three experimental conditions,...
Tue Oct 01, 2019 03:00
Abstract Insectivorous bats consume a large variety of food items. Previous observations of feathers found in feces led to the hypothesis that the birdlike noctule (Nyctalus aviator, Vespertilionidae) could prey on birds. To test the hypothesis, we analyzed fecal samples from six species (Barbastella pacifica, Murina hilgendorfi, Myotis frater, N. aviator, Plecotus sacrimontis, and Vespertilio sinensis) collected from central Hokkaido, Japan, via DNA barcoding. We identified...
Tue Oct 01, 2019 03:00
Abstract Changes in group composition are not exclusive to zoos and conservation breeding centers. The recent increase in poaching of African rhino species has accelerated the arrival of orphan calves at rehabilitation centers. Introducing new members into an existing group is often stressful for many mammal species. However, when young animals are involved, such responses may be reduced or absent. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of introducing orphan...
Tue Oct 01, 2019 03:00
Abstract Predation is one of the most important factors affecting biology, ecology and behaviour of the prey. We have studied predation of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) by the great grey shrike (Lanius excubitor) in farmland habitats in western Poland. Shrike caches were used as a source of information about preyed lizards. Shrikes hunt significantly more adult males than females, juveniles and sub-adults; the pattern was similar over all three study years. Male lizard...
Tue Oct 01, 2019 03:00
Abstract Spatial learning and memory skills are imperative for the survival and fitness of subterranean rodents because of the harsh underground niche in which they live that necessitates the avoidance of higher energy expenditures or probable conflicts with conspecifics or predators. Our study aims to assess the spatial learning and working memory performance of a subterranean rodent species, plateau zokors (Eospalax baileyi), compared to that of the surface-dwelling plateau...
Tue Oct 01, 2019 03:00
Abstract This paper provides an analysis of the use of axioms in Banach’s Ph.D. and their role in the progression of Banach’s mathematical thought. In order to give a precise account of the role of Banach’s axioms, we distinguish two levels of activity. The first one is devoted to the overall process of creating a new theory able to answer some prescribed problems in functional analysis. The second one concentrates on the epistemological role of axioms. In particular, the notion...
Sat Oct 26, 2019 03:00
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