BackgroundThe origin of species is a central topic in biology aiming at understanding mechanisms, level and rate of diversification. Ecological speciation is an important driver in adaptive radiation during post-glacial intra-lacustrine niche diversification in fishes. The Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus L. species complex in the Northern hemisphere freshwater systems display huge morphological and life history divergence in lakes with one or several morphs present, thus offering a unique opportunity...
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High Altitude Medicine &Biology, Ahead of Print.
Fri Oct 25, 2019 10:00
Publication date: December 2019Source: International Immunopharmacology, Volume 77Author(s): Tooba Ghazanfari, Hassan Ghasemi, Roya Yaraee, Mahmoud Mahmoudi, Mohammad Ali Javadi, Mohammad Reza Soroush, Soghrat Faghihzadeh, Ali Mohammad Mohseni Majd, Raheleh Shakeri, Mahmoud Babaei, Fatemeh Heidary, Zuhair Mohammad HassanAbstractBackgroundThe serum and tear levels of four inflammatory chemokines were evaluated in sulfur mustard (SM)-exposed with serious ocular problems.Materials and methodsIn this...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 20:21
Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) image denoising is a challenging task due to the presence of noise and low spatial resolution compared with other imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). PET image noise can hamper further processing and analysis, such as segmentation and disease screening. The wavelet transform–based techniques have often been proposed for PET image denoising to handle isotropic (smooth details) features....
Fri Oct 25, 2019 03:00
Journal Name: Biological ChemistryIssue: Ahead of print
Fri Oct 25, 2019 19:52
Abstract It is important to understand the effect of crowding conditions on the native structure and functional state of enzymes. Equilibrium denaturation studies of Clarius gariepinus GST (CgGST) by guanidine hydrochloride (GdHCl) under dilute conditions and in separate solutions of 0–100 g dm−3 Ficoll 70, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and equal w/v mixtures of the two polymers at 25 °C and pH 7.4 were studied fluorometrically. The data were analyzed based on a two-state...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 03:00
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2019Source: American Journal of Infection ControlAuthor(s): Jeanique Parkinson, Julianne L. Baron, Beth Hall, Harrie Bos, Patrick Racine, Marilyn M. Wagener, Janet E. StoutAbstractBackgroundThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services requires that health care facilities assess their building water systems and minimize the risk of growth and spread of Legionella and other waterborne pathogens. Increasingly, point-of-use (POU) filters are being used...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 19:39
Abstract The objectives of this study were to assess levels of contamination of breast milk (BM) by cadmium (Cd) among lactating mothers from Rabat, Morocco, and to investigate its association with several maternal habits, parameters, and factors. In addition, to estimate the daily intake of the newborns. Cd concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in 70 human milk samples collected between the 2nd and 5th day postpartum. Accuracy of...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 03:00
Abstract Diclofenac (DCL), an anti-inflammatory drug used to reduce pain and inflammation, ranks in the top causes of drug-induced liver injury. The inflammatory stress induced by inflammagens is implicated in DCL-induced liver injury. Curcumin (CUR) and selenium (Se) possess anti-inflammatory effects; therefore, this study evaluated their protective potential against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/DCL-induced liver injury. Rats received CUR and/or Se for 7 days followed by a single...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 03:00
Abstract Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is a powerful technical tool used in the biomedical field to investigate the proportion of chemical elements of interest in research, such as heavy metal bioaccumulation and the enzymatic cofactors and nanoparticle therapy in various pathologies. However, the correct evaluation of the proportion of the elements is subject to some factors, including the method of sample preservation. In this study, we seek to investigate the effect...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 03:00
Publication date: Available online 24 October 2019Source: Gene Expression PatternsAuthor(s): Shuna Sun, Xuan Li, Ziyin Liu, Guoping Zhang, Chunjie Yang, Qiu Jiang, Yunzeng ZouAbstractNucleosome assembly protein 1-like (Nap1l) family plays numerous biological roles including nucleosome assembly, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle progression. However, the tissue specific in vivo functions of the Nap1l family members remain largely unknown. In this study, we finished the complete expression...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 19:28
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2019Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryAuthor(s): S. Kaewkumnert, K. Phithaksinsuk, C. Changpoo, N. Nochit, Y. Muensaiyat, S. Wilaipornsawai, U. Piriyaphokai, W. PowcharoenAbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the effect of intraosseous dexamethasone injection and submucosal dexamethasone injection on postoperative sequelae after mandibular third molar surgery. This was a randomized, triple-blind, split-mouth clinical...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 19:23
Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation is considered a beneficial therapeutic option for stroke rehabilitation. This pilot study assessed the clinical feasibility of a newly developed VR-based planar motion...
Thu Oct 24, 2019 03:00
Temporal ecological studies have shown that outdoor moulds are associated with severe asthma exacerbations, as emergency department visits or hospitalisations. The aim of this was to assess the associations be...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 03:00
Scientists have shown that the incidence of midge and fly larvae in amber is far higher than previously thought. The new finds shed light on insect evolution and the ecology in the Baltic amber forest during the Eocene epoch.
Fri Oct 25, 2019 18:03
Publication date: January 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 133Author(s): Lei Liu, Qing Li, Jun Ao, Qian Du, Zhi-Jun Xin, Wen-Bo LiaoBackgroundThe occurrence rate of thoracic spinal stenosis caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum combined with disk herniation is lower than that of ossified ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine, and the treatment method has rarely been reported. In this paper, we applied an endoscopic technique to a patient with thoracic spinal stenosis caused by ossification...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 18:45
Publication date: January 2020Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 133Author(s): Giuseppe Talamonti, Giuseppe D'Aliberti, Marco CenzatoAulus Cornelius Celsus lived in Rome during the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. He developed the scientific Latin, and his work De Medicina was the first medical textbook to be written in Latin, and subsequently the first medical treatise to be printed. He perhaps was a simple medical writer rather than a real physician, but his contributions to medical knowledge are...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 18:45
Publication date: December 2019Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 132Author(s): Alessandro Narducci, Gabriele Ronchetti, Federico Nannucci, Giacomo Paolo Vaudano, Federico GrivaBackgroundInfundibular dilations (IDs) are funnel-shaped enlargements located at the origin of cerebral arteries. Neuroradiologists and neurosurgeons are familiar with IDs of the posterior communicating artery, which are relatively common. Other locations, being unexpected sites of IDs, can pose diagnostic and therapeutic...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 18:45
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2019Source: CortexAuthor(s): Ilaria Mino-Paluello, Giuseppina Porciello, Marco Gandolfo, Sarah Boukarras, Salvatore Maria AgliotiAbstractFacial mimicry, the automatic imitation of another person’s emotion, is a mechanism underlying emotion recognition and emotional contagion, a phylogenetically conserved form of empathy that precedes later developing empathic skills. We tested the possibility to increase facial mimicry by blurring self-other distinction...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 18:26
Publication date: Available online 24 October 2019Source: CortexAuthor(s): Eleonora Catricalà, Francesca Conca, Anna Fertonani, Carlo Miniussi, Stefano F. CappaAbstractThe neural representation of abstract concepts is a current matter of debate. While social concepts have been associated to superior anterior temporal lobe (sATL), the neural correlates of quantity-related concepts have seldom been investigated. The right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is known to be involved in the processing of numerical...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 18:26
BACKGROUND:De novo hypoxemic respiratory failure is defined as significant hypoxemia in the absence of chronic lung disease such as COPD, and excluding respiratory failure occurring in the immediate postoperative or postextubation period. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various oxygenation strategies including noninvasive ventilation (NIV), high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), and conventional oxygen therapy in patients with de novo hypoxemic respiratory failure.METHODS:We performed electronic database...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Asthma is a common reason for admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Since June 2014, our institution has used a pediatric asthma clinical pathway for all patients, including those in PICU. The pathway promotes respiratory therapist–driven bronchodilator weaning based on the Modified Pulmonary Index Score (MPIS). This pathway was associated with decreased hospital length of stay (LOS) for all pediatric asthma patients; however, the effect on PICU patients was unclear....
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:The need for long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is usually a sign of advanced disease, which could trigger advance care planning. However, LTOT is used in patients with different characteristics and multiple diagnoses beyond COPD. We studied the factors associated with survival in an unselected sample of subjects who started LTOT.METHODS:We conducted a retrospective study that included 195 subjects for whom LTOT was initiated in Tampere University Hospital from January 1, 2012, to December...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is a routine, evidence-based treatment in the ICU. Due to its ease of application, non–evidence-based use of HFNC has spread to non-ICU wards. This study reports on the experience with HFNC outside the ICU.METHODS:This is an observational study of HFNC prescribed by treating physicians in non-ICU areas. Primary outcomes included change in dyspnea visual analog scale score and physiological variables both before and 30 min after initiation of...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Pulse oximetry has become the standard of care in emergency medicine, operating rooms, and medical wards for the monitoring of oxygenation, but the use of pulse oximetry for assessment of hemoglobin (Hb) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and precision of 2 point-of-care Hb measurement devices, the Pronto-7 and the HemoCue 201+, to laboratory testing.METHODS:We studied a convenience sample of patients in the emergency department who required a complete...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) reduces intubation and mortality in patients with COPD exacerbation who present with respiratory failure, and the type of mask may affect its success. Our objective was to compare the performance of 3 different NIV masks in a lung model.METHODS:We set the lung simulator mechanics and respiratory rate, and tested a small oronasal mask, a total face mask, and a large oronasal mask. We added CO2 at a constant rate into the system and monitored the end-tidal carbon...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure causes roughly 40,000 emergency department (ED) visits annually and is commonly misdiagnosed. Whereas the standard method of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) measurement utilizes blood gas analysis, a noninvasive, FDA-cleared alternative exists. We evaluated the performance of pulse oximetry (SpCO) for identification of CO exposure in ED patients.METHODS:We compared pulse oximetry to blood HbCO levels in a prospective observational study of adult and pediatric subjects...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Status asthmaticus is one of the most frequent admission diagnoses in the pediatric ICU (PICU). Collaboration between respiratory therapists (RTs) and physicians may help efficiently deliver care to a patient in status asthmaticus. The Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS) is a measure of severity of a patient's asthma exacerbation at a point in time. The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to establish an RT-driven continuous albuterol weaning protocol using the PASS score....
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Pediatric patients treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are frequently given aerosol therapy. Limited pediatric data are available on the efficiency of aerosol delivery efficiency. We evaluated the effect of different nebulizers, positions in the single-limb ventilator circuit, and ventilator settings on the efficiency of aerosol delivery in a model of pediatric NIV. We hypothesized that using a vibrating mesh nebulizer, placing the nebulizer after the circuit leak, and not using...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
Safety of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Outside the ICU for Previously Healthy Children With Bronchiolitis
BACKGROUND:High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), a form of noninvasive respiratory support, is effective for the treatment of respiratory distress in ICUs. Although HFNC has been used outside of the ICU, there is little research that examines its safety in this less-monitored setting.METHODS:Children ≤ 24 months old admitted with bronchiolitis to a pediatric floor at a tertiary care center from April 1 2013, to March 31 2015, were identified by using standard diagnostic codes. Exclusion criteria were concomitant...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Evaluation of cough strength is clinically important, especially for patients with neuromuscular disorders and before extubation of mechanically ventilated patients. The pressure gradient between the airway and thoracoabdominal cavities during the cough expiratory phase generates cough flow and passive cephalic movement of the diaphragm. We hypothesized that passive diaphragmatic cephalic excursion, peak velocity, or both during cough expiration might predict cough peak flow (CPF). This...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Manual noninvasive respiratory techniques have traditionally been used to treat respiratory pathologies. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the diaphragmatic release technique and the thoracic lymphatic pump technique versus conventional respiratory retraining in children with asthma.METHODS:Using a quasi-experimental design, 60 children with asthma were allocated to undergo the diaphragmatic release technique (n = 20), thoracic lymphatic pump technique (n = 20), or conventional...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Clinicians may use adventitious breath sounds on lung auscultation and a “sawtooth” pattern on the ventilator expiratory flow waveform as indicators of the need for chest physiotherapy for airway-secretion clearance in mechanically ventilated patients. This study seeks to identify potential clinical and novel indicators of the weight of airway secretions cleared from a single session of chest physiotherapy in mechanically ventilated subjects.METHODS:We recorded airway crackles using artificial...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress occurs when imbalances exist between the production of oxygen free radicals and endogenous antioxidants that neutralize their harmful effects, causing irreversible tissue damage. Oxygen free radicals readily interact with DNA, proteins, and lipids, instigating conformational changes to cellular structures and leading to derangement and dysfunction. Oxidative stress is a key feature in the pathology of COPD. As disease progression occurs, supplemental oxygen is often warranted...
Fri Oct 25, 2019 17:34
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