Cortex
- Differential loss of position sense and kinesthesia in sub-acute strokePublication date: Available online 16 October 2019Source: CortexAuthor(s): Jennifer A. Semrau, Troy M. Herter, Stephen H. Scott, Sean P. DukelowAbstractPosition sense and kinesthesia are thought to be independent sub-modalities of proprioception, based on neuromuscular recordings in the periphery. However, little evidence has demonstrated separation in the central nervous system (CNS). Stroke provides an interesting model to examine this dissocia
- Hoarding and Obsessive-Compulsive Behaviours in Frontotemporal Dementia: Clinical and Neuroanatomic AssociationsPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: CortexAuthor(s): Eric Mitchell, Tamara P. Tavares, Lena Palaniyappan, Elizabeth FingerAbstractBackgroundHoarding and obsessive-compulsive behaviours (OCB) are well documented symptoms in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). While contemporary models consider hoarding and obsessive-compulsive disorder distinct, the related behaviours have not been separately examined in patients with FTD, and the
Journal of Evolutionary Biology
- Genetic variability and transgenerational regulation of investment in sex in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus plicatilisAbstract In cyclical parthenogens such as aphids, cladocerans and rotifers, the coupling between sexual reproduction and the production of resting stages (diapausing eggs) imposes strong constraints on the timing of sex. While induction of sex is generally triggered by environmental cues, the response to such cues may vary across individuals according to genetic and non‐genetic factors. In this study, we explored genetic and epigenetic causes of
- Generation of human thalamus atlases from 7 T data and application to intrathalamic nuclei segmentation in clinical 3 T T1-weighted imagesPublication date: Available online 16 October 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Yuan Liu, Pierre-François D'Haese, Allen T. Newton, Benoit M. DawantAbstractThe thalamus serves as the central relay station for the brain. It processes and relays sensory and motor signals between different subcortical regions and the cerebral cortex and it can be divided into several neuronal clusters referred to as nuclei. Each of these can possibly
- Strategically acquired gradient echo (STAGE) imaging, part III: Technical advances and clinical applications of a rapid multi-contrast multi-parametric brain imaging methodPublication date: Available online 16 October 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): E. Mark Haacke, Yongsheng Chen, David Utriainen, Bo Wu, Yu Wang, Shuang Xia, Naying He, Chunyan Zhang, Xiao Wang, M. Marcella Lagana, Yu Luo, Ali Fatemi, Saifeng Liu, Sara Gharabaghi, Dongmei Wu, Sean K. Sethi, Feng Huang, Taotao Sun, Feifei Qu, Brijesh K. YadavAbstractOne major thrust in radiology today is image standardization with a focus on rapidly
RNA current issue
- Neither miR-7-5p nor miR-141-3p is a major mediator of iron-responsive transferrin receptor-1 mRNA degradation [DIVERGENT VIEWS]The transferrin receptor (TfR1) is the principal means of iron importation for most mammalian cells, and regulation of mRNA stability is a major mechanism through which TfR1 expression is controlled in response to changing intracellular iron levels. An endonuclease activity degrades the TfR1 mRNA during iron-repletion, which reduces iron importation and contributes to the restoration of homeostasis. Correct identification of the TfR1 mRNA endonuc
- Iron-induced transferrin receptor-1 mRNA destabilization: A response to "Neither miR-7-5p nor miR-141-3p is a major mediator of iron-responsive transferrin receptor-1 mRNA degradation" [DIVERGENT VIEWS]We read with great interest the Divergent Views article by Connell and colleagues disputing our recent publication describing a role for two microRNAs in the iron-mediated regulation of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) mRNA stability. Our publication sought to shed light on a long-standing question in the field of cellular iron metabolism, and we welcome commentary and critique. However, there are several critical issues contained in the article by
- Structure folding of RNA kissing complexes in salt solutions: predicting 3D structure, stability, and folding pathway [ARTICLE]RNA kissing complexes are essential for genomic RNA dimerization and regulation of gene expression, and their structures and stability are critical to their biological functions. In this work, we used our previously developed coarse-grained model with an implicit structure-based electrostatic potential to predict three-dimensional (3D) structures and stability of RNA kissing complexes in salt solutions. For extensive RNA kissing complexes, our mo
- Tissue-restricted genome editing in vivo specified by microRNA-repressible anti-CRISPR proteins [REPORT]CRISPR-Cas systems are bacterial adaptive immune pathways that have revolutionized biotechnology and biomedical applications. Despite the potential for human therapeutic development, there are many hurdles that must be overcome before its use in clinical settings. Some clinical safety concerns arise from editing activity in unintended cell types or tissues upon in vivo delivery (e.g., by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors). Although tissue-spec
- Identification of a noncanonical RNA binding domain in the U2 snRNP protein SF3A1 [ARTICLE]During splicing of pre-mRNA, 5' and 3' splice sites are brought within proximity by interactions between the pre-mRNA bound U1 and U2 snRNPs, followed by recruitment of the tri-snRNP for assembly of the mature spliceosome. Previously, we identified an interaction between the U2 snRNP-specific protein SF3A1 and the stem–loop 4 (SL4) of the U1 snRNA that occurs during the early steps of spliceosome assembly. Although harboring many annotated domain
- Sequence-specific retrotransposition of 28S rDNA-specific LINE R2Ol in human cells [REPORT]R2 is a long interspersed element (LINE) found in a specific sequence of the 28S rDNA among a wide variety of animals. Recently, we observed that R2Ol isolated from medaka fish, Oryzias latipes, retrotransposes sequence specifically into the target sequence of zebrafish. Because the 28S target and flanking regions are widely conserved among vertebrates, we examined whether R2Ol can also integrate in a sequence-specific manner in human cells. Usin
- Pol5 is an essential ribosome biogenesis factor required for 60S ribosomal subunit maturation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [ARTICLE]In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, more than 250 trans-acting factors are involved in the maturation of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits. The expression of most of these factors is transcriptionally coregulated to ensure correct ribosome production under a wide variety of environmental and intracellular conditions. Here, we identified the essential nucleolar Pol5 protein as a novel trans-acting factor required for the synthesis of 60S ribosomal subunits.
- Molecular simulations of the pistol ribozyme: unifying the interpretation of experimental data and establishing functional links with the hammerhead ribozyme [ARTICLE]The pistol ribozyme (Psr) is among the most recently discovered RNA enzymes and has been the subject of experiments aimed at elucidating the mechanism. Recent biochemical studies have revealed exciting clues about catalytic interactions in the active site not apparent from available crystallographic data. The present work unifies the interpretation of the existing body of structural and functional data on Psr by providing a dynamical model for th
- TCF3 mutually exclusive alternative splicing is controlled by long-range cooperative actions between hnRNPH1 and PTBP1 [ARTICLE]TCF3, also known as E2A, is a well-studied transcription factor that plays an important role in stem cell maintenance and hematopoietic development. The TCF3 gene encodes two related proteins, E12 and E47, which arise from mutually exclusive alternative splicing (MEAS). Since these two proteins have different DNA binding and dimerization domains, this AS event must be strictly regulated to ensure proper isoform ratios. Previously, we found that h
- Versatile transcription control based on reversible dCas9 binding [ARTICLE]The ability to control transcription in a time-dependent manner in vitro promises numerous applications in molecular biology and nanotechnology. Here we demonstrate an approach that enables precise, independent control over the production of multiple RNA transcripts in vitro using single guide RNA (sgRNA)-directed transcription blockades by catalytically dead Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme (dCas9). We show that when bound to a DNA temp
- Conformational adaptation of UNCG loops upon crowding [ARTICLE]If the A-form helix is the major structural motif found in RNA, the loops that cap them constitute the second most important family of motifs. Among those, two are overrepresented, GNRA and UNCG tetraloops. Recent surveys of RNA structures deposited in the PDB show that GNRA and UNCG tetraloops can adopt tertiary folds that are very different from their canonical conformations, characterized by the presence of a U-turn of a Z-turn, respectively.
- Expression and differential regulation of human TERRA at several chromosome ends [ARTICLE]The telomeric long noncoding RNA TERRA has been implicated in regulating telomere maintenance by telomerase and homologous recombination, and in influencing telomeric protein composition during the cell cycle and the telomeric DNA damage response. TERRA transcription starts at subtelomeric regions resembling the CpG islands of eukaryotic genes extending toward chromosome ends. TERRA contains chromosome-specific subtelomeric sequences at its 5' en
- The L1 stalk is required for efficient export of nascent large ribosomal subunits in yeast [ARTICLE]The ribosomal protein Rpl1 (uL1 in universal nomenclature) is essential in yeast and constitutes part of the L1 stalk which interacts with E site ligands on the ribosome. Structural studies of nascent pre-60S complexes in yeast have shown that a domain of the Crm1-dependent nuclear export adapter Nmd3, binds in the E site and interacts with Rpl1, inducing closure of the L1 stalk. Based on this observation, we decided to reinvestigate the role of
- Crystal structure and catalytic mechanism of the essential m1G37 tRNA methyltransferase TrmD from Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ARTICLE]The tRNA (m1G37) methyltransferase TrmD catalyzes m1G formation at position 37 in many tRNA isoacceptors and is essential in most bacteria, which positions it as a target for antibiotic development. In spite of its crucial role, little is known about TrmD in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaTrmD), an important human pathogen. Here we present detailed structural, substrate, and kinetic properties of PaTrmD. The mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the G
- Paternal diet impairs F1 and F2 offspring vascular function through sperm and seminal plasma specific mechanisms in miceKey points A low protein diet had minimal effects on paternal cardiovascular function or renin–angiotensin system activity. Paternal low protein diet modified F1 neonatal and adult offspring renin–angiotensin system activity and cardiovascular function in a sperm and/or seminal plasma specific manner. Paternal low protein diet modified F1 male offspring testicular expression of central epigenetic regulators. Significant changes in F2 neonat
Anthropology-News
- Against AblutionVamos4PR Protestors in Kissimmee, Florida. Julie Torres, 2018.Six months after Hurricane Maria, over 100 community leaders, activists, and Puerto Rican evacuees marched down the narrow sidewalk to the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration (PRFAA) office in Kissimmee, Florida. Several of the evacuees were living in nearby hotels with FEMA’s Transitional Sheltering Assistance (TSA) funding. The funding, they feared, could end at any moment—a r
- Assessing and Quantifying Air Added to the Voice by Means of Laryngostroboscopic Imaging, EGG, and Acoustics in Vocally Trained SubjectsPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Mathias Aaen, Julian McGlashan, Khaing Thu Thu, Cathrine SadolinSummaryObjectiveTo assess and quantify singers’ strategies for adding air to phonation to sound “breathy” in a healthy mannerStudy designCase-control study with 20 professional singers.MethodsTwenty singers were recorded performing sustained vowels in the Complete Vocal Technique Neutral vocal mode w
- Exercise Science and the VocalistPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Aaron M. Johnson, Mary J. SandageAbstractThe application of exercise science training knowledge has been of growing interest to voice professionals. This tutorial, derived from the authors’ invited presentations from the “Exercise and the Voice” Special Session at the 2018 Voice Foundation Symposium, proposes a foundational theoretical structure based in exercise
- A computational study of the effects of vocal fold stiffness parameters on voice productionPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Xiaojian Wang, Weili Jiang, Xudong Zheng, Qian XueSUMMARYA three-dimensional flow-structure interaction model of voice production is used to investigate the effect of the stiffness parameters of vocal fold layers on voice production. The vocal fold is modeled as a three-layer structure consisting of the cover, ligament, and body layers. All the three layers are m
- Operative and Conservative Management of Laryngeal Contact Granuloma: A Network Analysis and Systematic ReviewPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Shu Wei Tsai, Yi Fei Ma, Liang Chun Shih, Yung An Tsou, Chih-Kwang SungSUMMARYObjectiveLaryngeal contact granuloma is a disease of benign hypertrophic granulation tissue at the medial side of vocal process. Numerous studies of conservative and surgical management have reported effectiveness, yet optimal treatment has not been standardized. We compared primary and
- Vocal and Laryngeal Symptoms and Associated Factors in Wind Instrumentalists: A Systematic ReviewPublication date: Available online 14 October 2019Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Carla Rodrigues de Lima Silva, Aryelly Dayane da Silva Nunes, Lourdes Bernardete Rocha de Souza, Javier Jerez-Roig, Isabelle Ribeiro BarbosaAbstractObjectiveThis is a systematic literature review to identify vocal and laryngeal symptoms and associated factors in adult wind instrumentalists.MethodThe authors performed a systematic review in the electronic database
- Prognostic role of RECK in pathological outcome‐dependent buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinomaAbstract Background Buccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (BMSCC) is an aggressive oral cancer. Moreover, reversion‐inducing cysteine‐rich protein with Kazal motifs (RECK) is a well‐known tumor suppressor in many cancers. Our aim was to investigate the association of RECK expression with prognosis in BMSCC patients with different clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods The expression level of RECK was determined by immunohi
- Rethinking dentistry and dental teachingAbstract The launch of the Lancet Series on oral health offers a unique opportunity to rethink dentistry and dental teaching. The first paper (Peres et al., 2019) of the Series delimitated the subject. Oral diseases are major and longstanding public health problems worldwide. They affect large population contingents; toddlers and children, adolescents, adults, and older people: all of them have their share, no age group is spared.
Mucosal Immunology - Issue - nature.com science feeds
- Impact of chemokine C–C ligand 27, foreskin anatomy and sexually transmitted infections on HIV-1 target cell availability in adolescent South African malesMucosal Immunology, Published online: 16 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0209-6Impact of chemokine C–C ligand 27, foreskin anatomy and sexually transmitted infections on HIV-1 target cell availability in adolescent South African males
- Regulating colonic dendritic cells by commensal glycosylated large surface layer protein A to sustain gut homeostasis against pathogenic inflammationMucosal Immunology, Published online: 16 October 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0210-0Regulating colonic dendritic cells by commensal glycosylated large surface layer protein A to sustain gut homeostasis against pathogenic inflammation
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology
- Strain-Specific Metabolic Requirements Revealed by a Defined Minimal Medium for Systems Analyses of Staphylococcus aureus [Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology]Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium that colonizes an estimated one-third of the human population and can cause a wide spectrum of disease, ranging from superficial skin infections to life-threatening sepsis. The adaptive mechanisms that contribute to the success of this pathogen remain obscure partially due to a lack of knowledge of its metabolic requirements. Systems biology approaches can be extremely useful in predic
Evolutionary Biology News -- ScienceDaily
- Novel virus type may shed light on viral evolutionViruses are non-living creatures, consisting of genetic material encased in a protein coat. Once the virus infects a living organism, it can replicate itself and continue on. But what happens if a virus lacks the proper tools to infect an organism? How can it propagate? Researchers have uncovered a novel virus that may help answer those questions.
- Piranha fish swap old teeth for new simultaneouslyWith the help of new technologies, a team has confirmed that piranhas lose and regrow all the teeth on one side of their face multiple times throughout their lives. How they do it may help explain why the fish go to such efforts to replace their teeth.
- New genome sequence of the date palmResearchers have developed an improved assembly of the genome for the date palm using long-read sequencing technology. This improvement over the current versions of the genome will help advance further research, and also inform the propagation practices of this essential MENA region food source.
- Researchers solve puzzle about link between genetic mutations, mating in fruit fliesMore than a century ago, early geneticists showed that the inheritance of a single mutation by fruit flies can change the insect's body color and simultaneously disrupt its mating behavior.
- The brain does not follow the headThe human brain is about three times the size of the brains of great apes. This has to do, among other things, with the evolution of novel brain structures that enabled complex behaviors such as language and tool production. A study by anthropologists now shows that changes in the brain occurred independent of evolutionary rearrangements of the braincase.
Πέμπτη 17 Οκτωβρίου 2019
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