Effect of Omega-3 Alone and in Combination With Dexamethasone or Methotrexate in Treatment of Experimentally Induced Arthritis in Rats Mary Girgis Shahataa, Ahmed A Elberry, Ali A Abo-Saif, Mai A.M Almoatasem, Asmaa Mohammed M Hussein Elkelawy International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases 2019 9(3):87-96 Aims: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its complementary effect in combination with the half-tested doses of the most common drugs used to treat RA as cortisone and methotrexate. Methods: Arthritis was induced by subcutaneous injection of three doses of 0.4 mL complete Freund’s adjuvant-antigen emulsion at three different limbs. Animals were divided into control group, arthritis group, omega-treated group (1 g\kg\d), dexamethasone-treated group (1 mg\kg\d), methotrexate-treated group (1 mg\kg\d), omega (1 g\kg\d) plus dexamethasone (0.5 mg\kg\d)-treated group, and omega (1 g\kg\d) plus methotrexate (0.5 mg\kg\d)-treated group. Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1B, myeloperoxidase, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde were assessed. A histopathological study of rat’s knee joints and an immunohistochemical study for expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in joint tissue were performed. Results: The results showed that omega treatment significantly corrected paw diameter and all biochemical markers, but the combination treatment of omega plus dexamethasone or methotrexate in lower doses showed more significant correction with the restoration of these parameters back to normal level except for tumor necrosis factor alpha. Also, there was an amelioration of pathological changes of knee joints with the restoration of the smooth articular surface besides the reduction in cyclooxygenase-2 expression that was showed by the immunohistochemical study. Conclusion: The current study provides evidence that omega-3 may have an ameliorative effect against experimentally induced arthritis and can improve the therapeutic effect of standard medications used in the treatment of RA.

Preventive Effect of Arbutin on Isoproterenol-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Damage and Apoptosis in H9c2 Cells Subramanian Sivasangari, Loordhurani Asaikumar, Lakshmanan Vennila, Natesan Vijayakumar International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases 2019 9(3):97-104 Aim: This study aims to investigate the potential mechanisms associated with cardioprotective effect of arbutin (ARB) on isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) induced cardiotoxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cell lines. Materials and Methods: The effect of the drug on cell morphology was studied by using phase contrast microscope, cell viability was studied by using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was estimated by 20-7’dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining. H9c2 cells were treated with ISO to cause cell injury and the effect of the ARB on cell morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS generation, cell viability, and apoptosis were studied. Results and Conclusion: The results of this study showed that preadministration of ARB significantly prevented the ISO-induced toxic effects on cell morphology and enhanced the number of viable cells in dose-dependent manner. This study also demonstrates that ROS generation was significantly increased in ISO-administered cells and ISO-induced ROS production was found to be significantly reduced in preadministration of ARB on H9c2 cells. ISO-induced changes in mitochondrial membrane potential of H9c2 cells were remarkably improved with ARB pretreatment. These results clearly suggest that pretreatment of ARB protects the cells against ISO-induced injury through resuming mitochondrial function and regulating apoptosis.

Influence of Marital Status on Stress Among Women Software Professionals in Chennai, India Balasubramaniam Vimala, Haseena Ismail, Soundararajan Mohankumar International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases 2019 9(3):105-110 The phrase “being under stress” is one that most people can identify with, although it can mean different things to different individuals. This expression focuses not so much on the nature of stress itself but on its outcomes or consequences. A response-based approach views stress as a dependent variable, that is, a response to disturbing or threatening stimuli. This research article aims to know about the influence of marital status on stress among women software professionals in Chennai.

Medical Nutrition Therapy for a Critically Ill Patient With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report Sutanto Krisadelfa, Permadhi Inge, Sunardi Diana, Titus Johana, Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases 2019 9(3):111-115 Spinal cord injury causing chronic paralysis affects the body’s energy and protein requirements. Central nervous system injuries require long-term healing, and its complications can lead to prolonged bed rest, decreased life expectancy, and reduced quality of life. The risk of malnutrition due to chronic inactivity can lead to a loss of muscle mass, which affects nutritional status. Medical nutrition therapy aims to decrease the metabolic response, maintain fat-free mass, and prevent complications. We report a 58-year-old critically ill man with a spinal cord injury who had a normal weight initially; his medical nutrition therapy was based on nutrition guidelines for critically ill patients and gradually increased as per his clinical and gastrointestinal tolerance. He was given vitamin B supplementation and treated for 69 days. On discharge, he had optimal oral nutrient intake and normal weight. Adequate nutrition supported his recovery, increased his functional capacity, and maintained his nutritional status.