European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
- [ 18 F]Fluorocholine PET/CT-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy in patients with recurrent oligometastatic prostate cancerAbstract Background In the last years, functional imaging has given a significant contribution to the clinical decision-making of biochemically relapsed prostate cancer (PCa). Hereby, we present a prospective study aiming to validate the role of [18F]Fluoro-Methyl Choline ([18F]FMCH) PET/CT in the selection of PCa patients suitable for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).
Mediators of Inflammation
- Evaluation of Copeptin during Pulmonary Exacerbation in Cystic FibrosisCopeptin was found to be a stable biomarker of inflammation and stress response in cardiac, renal, metabolic, and respiratory conditions such as pneumonia. The aim of this study was to investigate the copeptin levels in biological fluids (serum and sputum supernatant) of cystic fibrosis pediatric patients during pulmonary exacerbation and remission and to investigate the possible influence of copeptin levels on disease severity and quality of lif
NeuroImage
- Coordinate based meta-analysis of networks in neuroimaging studiesPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): C.R. Tench, Radu Tanasescu, C.S. Constantinescu, D.P. Auer, W.J. CottamAbstractMeta-analysis of summary results from published neuroimaging studies independently testing a common hypothesis is performed using coordinate based meta-analysis (CBMA), which tests for consistent activation (in the case of functional MRI studies) of the same anatomical regions. Using just th
- Mapping critical cortical hubs and white matter pathways by direct electrical stimulation: An original functional atlas of the human brainPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Silvio Sarubbo, Matthew Tate, Alessandro De Benedictis, Stefano Merler, Sylvie Moritz-Gasser, Guillaume Herbet, Hugues DuffauAbstractObjectiveThe structural and functional organization of brain networks sub-serving basic daily activities (i.e. language, visuo-spatial cognition, movement, semantics, etc.) are not completely understood to date. Here, we report the first
- The new international neuroblastoma response criteriaAbstract Over recent years significant advances in histopathology and functional imaging techniques for the diagnosis and restaging of children with neuroblastoma have led to better quantification of disease and assessment of disease response, allowing for better treatment stratification. In this review we summarise recent changes to the International Neuroblastoma Response Criteria including the use of RECIST (Response Evalu
- Surveillance imaging in pediatric lymphomaAbstract Current therapies used in treating children with Hodgkin lymphoma and many histological subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma have resulted in overall survival rates exceeding 90% in many instances. With increasing concerns related to the cost of radiologic imaging, exposure to ionizing radiation, and potential false-positive results, the role of routine off-therapy surveillance imaging has been called into question. Alth
- Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of liver lesions in childrenAbstract Initial pediatric imaging of the liver heavily relies on ultrasonography (US) because it is free of ionizing radiation, easily portable and readily available. Although conventional US (gray-scale and color Doppler) is often an excellent screening tool, its relative low specificity compared to CT/MRI limits liver lesion characterization. The United States Food and Drug Administration’s recent approval of an intravenou
- Initial treatment of pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer: a review of the current risk-adaptive approachAbstract Differentiated thyroid cancer in children is a rare disease, accounting for only 1.4% of all pediatric malignancies. The diagnosis, biological behavior and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer in children is different from that in adults. While there are many unresolved issues regarding approaches to management of differentiated thyroid cancer in the pediatric population, there is near universal consensus that
- Functional and anatomical imaging in pediatric oncology: which is best for which tumorsAbstract Functional imaging techniques are playing an increasingly important role in the management of pediatric cancer. Technological advances have pushed the development of hybrid imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, PET/MR and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT. Together with an increasing need to identify surrogate biomarkers for response to novel therapies, the use of fu
- Imaging of DICER1 syndromeAbstract DICER1 syndrome is a highly pleiotropic tumor predisposition syndrome that has been increasingly recognized in the last 10 years. Diseases in the syndrome result from mutations in both copies of the gene DICER1, a highly conserved gene that is critically implicated in micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) biogenesis and hence modulation of messenger RNAs. In general, susceptible individuals carry an inherited germline mutat
- Rare malignant liver tumors in childrenAbstract Malignant hepatic tumors in children are rare, comprising 1.3% of all pediatric malignancies. Following hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma is the second most common. Other malignant hepatic tumors seen in childhood include those of mesenchymal origin including undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma, angiosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, as well as biliary tumors such as cholangiocarci
- Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric cancer predisposition syndromes: special considerations, challenges and perspectiveAbstract Cancer predisposition syndromes increase the incidence of tumors during childhood and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Imaging is paramount for ensuring early detection of neoplasms, impacting therapeutic interventions and potentially improving outcome. While conventional imaging techniques involve considerable exposure to ionizing radiation, whole-body MRI is a radiation-free modality that al
- The clinical and radiologic features of paediatric rhabdomyosarcomaAbstract Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children. The most common sites are head and neck, genitourinary tract and extremities. In this review we outline the clinical and radiologic features of paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, as well as imaging considerations and imaging of relapse.
- Overview of the clinical and imaging features of the most common non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcomasAbstract Non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) refers to a widely heterogeneous group of extraskeletal mesenchymal neoplasms accounting for approximately 4% of all childhood cancers. This article summarizes the clinical and imaging features of these rare tumors and describes in detail the three most common histological types of NRSTSs encountered in children — synovial sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tum
- Artificial intelligence applications for pediatric oncology imagingAbstract Machine learning algorithms can help to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cancer diagnosis, selection of personalized therapies and prediction of long-term outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) describes a subset of machine learning that can identify patterns in data and take actions to reach pre-set goals without specific programming. Machine learning tools can help to identify high-risk populations, prescribe
- Imaging surveillance for children with predisposition to renal tumorsAbstract Effective surveillance is necessary for early detection of tumors in children with cancer predisposition syndromes. Instituting a surveillance regimen in children comes with practical challenges that include determining imaging modality and timing, and considering cost efficiency, accessibility, and the significant consequences of false-positive and false-negative results. To address these challenges, the American As
- Imaging of pediatric cutaneous melanomaAbstract Melanoma accounts for 7% of all cancers in adolescents ages 15–19 years but is an unexpected malignancy in younger children. The prevalence of malignant melanoma is very rare in children ages 1–4 years, but certain non-modifiable risk factors such as xeroderma pigmentosum, congenital melanocytic nevus syndrome and other inherited traits increase the risk for its development in these young children. Recent genomic stu
- Imaging for diagnosis, staging and response assessment of Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphomaAbstract Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are common malignancies in children and are now highly treatable. Imaging plays a major role in diagnosis, staging and response using conventional CT and MRI and metabolic imaging with positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and PET/MRI. Cross-sectional imaging has replaced staging laparotomy and splenectomy by demonstrating abdominal nodal groups and organ involvement. [F-18]2
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