- Abdominal Radiology
- Nodal drainage pathways in primary rectal cancer: anatomy of regional and distant nodal spreadAbstract Nodal involvement is a significant prognostic factor in rectal cancer and difficult to assess preoperatively. An understanding of the patterns of nodal spread from different regions of the rectum can assist in this process and is essential for the purposes of surgical planning. In this article we define patterns of spread to mesenteric and pelvic sidewall nodal subgroups and discuss the importance of accurate anatomic
Latest Results for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
- The effects of phycocyanin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and the intestinal microbiota in C57BL/6 miceAbstract Phycocyanin (PC) is a light-harvesting protein isolated from Spirulina and has health benefits for a range of diseases including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In this study, a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model was used to determine whether PC attenuates PF and modulates the intestinal microbiota. The results showed that PC intervention attenuated the pulmonary fibrosis, demonstrated by hematoxylin-eosin staining
- Comparison and Risk Assessment for Trace Heavy Metals in Raw Pu-erh Tea with Different Storage YearsAbstract This research conducted an exploration of the content of microelements (As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Hg) in raw Pu-erh tea with different storage years. The contents of As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Hg were 0.14, 0.82, 0.02, 0.52, 14.59, 33.51, 564.02, and 0.01 μg/g, respectively, and were all less than the national standard limit values in China. The target hazard quotients (THQs) of each heavy metal were all low
- The influence of dental experience on a dental implant navigation systemAbstract Background This study evaluated the operating performance of an implant navigation system used by dental students and dentists of prosthodontic background with varying levels of experience. A surgical navigation system and optical tracking system were used, and dentists’ accuracies were evaluated in terms of differences between the positions of actually drilled holes and
- Switching strategies for antipsychotic monotherapy in schizophrenia: a multi-center cohort study of aripiprazoleAbstract Rationale Changing antipsychotics of patients with chronic schizophrenia involves several risks. Switching to aripiprazole is especially difficult. We investigated switching methods and related factors for successful switching patients with chronic schizophrenia to aripiprazole. Objectives This s
Most Recent Articles: BMC Evolutionary Biology
- Widespread nocturnality of living birds stemming from their common ancestorMany living birds exhibit some nocturnal activity, but the genetic basis and evolutionary origins of their nocturnality remain unknown.
- Cytotoxic effects of a chlorhexidine mouthwash and of an enzymatic mouthwash on human gingival fibroblastsAbstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of an enzymatic mouthwash and of a chlorhexidine mouthwash on human gingival fibroblasts. The metabolic activity of the fibroblasts exposed to each mouthwash was assessed by the MTT assay and the protein content was assessed by the SRB assay. The flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle and the types of cell death. The oxidative status was evaluated
Radiology
- Using MRI to Identify Supranuclear Palsy from Parkinson Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.Related ArticlesUsing MRI to Identify Supranuclear Palsy from Parkinson Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:192183 Authors: Shah GV PMID: 31617819 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Nivolumab-induced Pancreatitis: An Immune-related Adverse Event.Related ArticlesNivolumab-induced Pancreatitis: An Immune-related Adverse Event. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:191603 Authors: Saito H, Ono K PMID: 31617817 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Visualization of the Small Airways:What It Is and Why It Matters.Related ArticlesVisualization of the Small Airways:What It Is and Why It Matters. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:192025 Authors: Schiebler ML, Parraga G PMID: 31617816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Risks and Benefits of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection for Treatment of Osteoarthritis:What Radiologists and Patients Need to Know.Related ArticlesRisks and Benefits of Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injection for Treatment of Osteoarthritis:What Radiologists and Patients Need to Know. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:192034 Authors: Kijowski R PMID: 31617815 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Evolution of Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Liver Cancer.Related ArticlesEvolution of Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Liver Cancer. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:192090 Authors: Kim KW, Van den Abbeele AD PMID: 31617799 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
- Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections in the Hip and Knee: Perhaps Not as Safe as We Thought?Related ArticlesIntra-articular Corticosteroid Injections in the Hip and Knee: Perhaps Not as Safe as We Thought? Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:190341 Authors: Kompel AJ, Roemer FW, Murakami AM, Diaz LE, Crema MD, Guermazi A Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and knee is among the most common joint disorders. Intra-articular corticosteroid (IACS) injections are frequently performed to treat OA and oth
- Diffusion Tensor MRI to Distinguish Progressive Supranuclear Palsy from α-Synucleinopathies.Related ArticlesDiffusion Tensor MRI to Distinguish Progressive Supranuclear Palsy from α-Synucleinopathies. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:190406 Authors: Spotorno N, Hall S, Irwin DJ, Rumetshofer T, Acosta-Cabronero J, Deik AF, Spindler MA, Lee EB, Trojanowski JQ, van Westen D, Nilsson M, Grossman M, Nestor PJ, McMillan CT, Hansson O Abstract Background The differential diagnosis of progressive supranucle
- CT-based Airway Flow Model to Assess Ventilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study.Related ArticlesCT-based Airway Flow Model to Assess Ventilation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:190395 Authors: Kim M, Doganay O, Matin TN, Povey T, Gleeson FV Abstract Background The lack of functional information in thoracic CT remains a limitation of its use in the clinical management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Purpose To comp
- Vandetanib-eluting Radiopaque Beads: Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy in a Rabbit Model of Liver Cancer.Related ArticlesVandetanib-eluting Radiopaque Beads: Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Efficacy in a Rabbit Model of Liver Cancer. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:190305 Authors: Duran R, Namur J, Pascale F, Czuczman P, Bascal Z, Kilpatrick H, Whomsley R, Ryan S, Lewis AL, Denys A Abstract Background Transarterial chemoembolization with cytotoxic drugs is standard treatment for unresectable intermediate-stage he
- Relationship between Lower Dose and Injection Speed of Iodinated Contrast Material for CT and Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: An Observational Study.Related ArticlesRelationship between Lower Dose and Injection Speed of Iodinated Contrast Material for CT and Acute Hypersensitivity Reactions: An Observational Study. Radiology. 2019 Oct 15;:190829 Authors: Park HJ, Son JH, Kim TB, Kang MK, Han K, Kim EH, Kim AY, Park SH Abstract BackgroundThere are few data on the relationship between acute hypersensitivity reactions and the dose and injection rate
Science: Current Issue
- Response to Comments on "The global tree restoration potential"Our study quantified the global tree restoration potential and its associated carbon storage potential under existing climate conditions. We received multiple technical comments, both supporting and disputing our findings. We recognize that several issues raised in these comments are worthy of discussion. We therefore provide a detailed common answer where we show that our original estimations are accurate.
- Comment on "The global tree restoration potential"Bastin et al. (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) claim that global tree restoration is the most effective climate change solution to date, with a reported carbon storage potential of 205 gigatonnes of carbon. However, this estimate and its implications for climate mitigation are inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle and its response to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions.
- Comment on "The global tree restoration potential"Bastin et al. (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) neglect considerable research into forest-based climate change mitigation during the 1980s and 1990s. This research supports some of their findings on the area of land technically suitable for expanding tree cover, and can be used to extend their analysis to include the area of actually available land and operational feasibility.
- Coordination between stochastic and deterministic specification in the Drosophila visual systemSensory systems use stochastic fate specification to increase their repertoire of neuronal types. How these stochastic decisions are coordinated with the development of their targets is unknown. In the Drosophila retina, two subtypes of ultraviolet-sensitive R7 photoreceptors are stochastically specified. In contrast, their targets in the brain are specified through a deterministic program. We identified subtypes of the main target of R7, the Dm8
- Adaptive archaic introgression of copy number variants and the discovery of previously unknown human genesCopy number variants (CNVs) are subject to stronger selective pressure than single-nucleotide variants, but their roles in archaic introgression and adaptation have not been systematically investigated. We show that stratified CNVs are significantly associated with signatures of positive selection in Melanesians and provide evidence for adaptive introgression of large CNVs at chromosomes 16p11.2 and 8p21.3 from Denisovans and Neanderthals, respec
- Comment on "The global tree restoration potential"Bastin et al.’s estimate (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) that tree planting for climate change mitigation could sequester 205 gigatonnes of carbon is approximately five times too large. Their analysis inflated soil organic carbon gains, failed to safeguard against warming from trees at high latitudes and elevations, and considered afforestation of savannas, grasslands, and shrublands to be restoration.
- Comment on "The global tree restoration potential"Bastin et al. (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) state that the restoration potential of new forests globally is 205 gigatonnes of carbon, conclude that "global tree restoration is our most effective climate change solution to date," and state that climate change will drive the loss of 450 million hectares of existing tropical forest by 2050. Here we show that these three statements are incorrect.
- Oxygen fugacities of extrasolar rocks: Evidence for an Earth-like geochemistry of exoplanetsOxygen fugacity is a measure of rock oxidation that influences planetary structure and evolution. Most rocky bodies in the Solar System formed at oxygen fugacities approximately five orders of magnitude higher than a hydrogen-rich gas of solar composition. It is unclear whether this oxidation of rocks in the Solar System is typical among other planetary systems. We exploit the elemental abundances observed in six white dwarfs polluted by the accr
- An oxyl/oxo mechanism for oxygen-oxygen coupling in PSII revealed by an x-ray free-electron laserPhotosynthetic water oxidation is catalyzed by the Mn4CaO5 cluster of photosystem II (PSII) with linear progression through five S-state intermediates (S0 to S4). To reveal the mechanism of water oxidation, we analyzed structures of PSII in the S1, S2, and S3 states by x-ray free-electron laser serial crystallography. No insertion of water was found in S2, but flipping of D1 Glu189 upon transition to S3 leads to the opening of a water channel and
- Generation of time-domain-multiplexed two-dimensional cluster stateEntanglement is the key resource for measurement-based quantum computing. It is stored in quantum states known as cluster states, which are prepared offline and enable quantum computing by means of purely local measurements. Universal quantum computing requires cluster states that are both large and possess (at least) a two-dimensional topology. Continuous-variable cluster states—based on bosonic modes rather than qubits—have previously been gene
- Hierarchical interlocked orthogonal faulting in the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequenceA nearly 20-year hiatus in major seismic activity in southern California ended on 4 July 2019 with a sequence of intersecting earthquakes near the city of Ridgecrest, California. This sequence included a foreshock with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.4 followed by a Mw 7.1 mainshock nearly 34 hours later. Geodetic, seismic, and seismicity data provided an integrative view of this sequence, which ruptured an unmapped multiscale network of interlaced
- Light-driven deracemization enabled by excited-state electron transferDeracemization is an attractive strategy for asymmetric synthesis, but intrinsic energetic challenges have limited its development. Here, we report a deracemization method in which amine derivatives undergo spontaneous optical enrichment upon exposure to visible light in the presence of three distinct molecular catalysts. Initiated by an excited-state iridium chromophore, this reaction proceeds through a sequence of favorable electron, proton, an
- Synthetic dissipation and cascade fluxes in a turbulent quantum gasScale-invariant fluxes are the defining property of turbulent cascades, but their direct measurement is a challenging experimental problem. Here we perform such a measurement for a direct energy cascade in a turbulent quantum gas. Using a time-periodic force, we inject energy at a large length scale and generate a cascade in a uniformly trapped three-dimensional Bose gas. The adjustable trap depth provides a high-momentum cutoff kD, which realize
- Light-regulated collective contractility in a multicellular choanoflagellateCollective cell contractions that generate global tissue deformations are a signature feature of animal movement and morphogenesis. However, the origin of collective contractility in animals remains unclear. While surveying the Caribbean island of Curacao for choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, we isolated a previously undescribed species (here named Choanoeca flexa sp. nov.) that forms multicellular cup-shaped colonies. T
- The geography of biodiversity change in marine and terrestrial assemblagesHuman activities are fundamentally altering biodiversity. Projections of declines at the global scale are contrasted by highly variable trends at local scales, suggesting that biodiversity change may be spatially structured. Here, we examined spatial variation in species richness and composition change using more than 50,000 biodiversity time series from 239 studies and found clear geographic variation in biodiversity change. Rapid compositional
- Genetic regulatory variation in populations informs transcriptome analysis in rare diseaseTranscriptome data can facilitate the interpretation of the effects of rare genetic variants. Here, we introduce ANEVA (analysis of expression variation) to quantify genetic variation in gene dosage from allelic expression (AE) data in a population. Application of ANEVA to the Genotype-Tissues Expression (GTEx) data showed that this variance estimate is robust and correlated with selective constraint in a gene. Using these variance estimates in a
- Rapid, large-volume, thermally controlled 3D printing using a mobile liquid interfaceWe report a stereolithographic three-dimensional printing approach for polymeric components that uses a mobile liquid interface (a fluorinated oil) to reduce the adhesive forces between the interface and the printed object, thereby allowing for a continuous and rapid print process, regardless of polymeric precursor. The bed area is not size-restricted by thermal limitations because the flowing oil enables direct cooling across the entire print ar
- Deterministic generation of a two-dimensional cluster stateMeasurement-based quantum computation offers exponential computational speed-up through simple measurements on a large entangled cluster state. We propose and demonstrate a scalable scheme for the generation of photonic cluster states suitable for universal measurement-based quantum computation. We exploit temporal multiplexing of squeezed light modes, delay loops, and beam-splitter transformations to deterministically generate a cylindrical clus
- Isolated cortical computations during delta waves support memory consolidationDelta waves have been described as periods of generalized silence across the cortex, and their alternation with periods of endogenous activity results in the slow oscillation of slow-wave sleep. Despite evidence that delta waves are instrumental for memory consolidation, their specific role in reshaping cortical functional circuits remains puzzling. In a rat model, we found that delta waves are not periods of complete silence and that the residua
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate: Lipid signaling in pathology and therapySphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a metabolic product of cell membrane sphingolipids, is bound to extracellular chaperones, is enriched in circulatory fluids, and binds to G protein–coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to regulate embryonic development, postnatal organ function, and disease. S1PRs regulate essential processes such as adaptive immune cell trafficking, vascular development, and homeostasis. Moreover, S1PR signaling is a driver of multiple di
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