bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
- Reconstructing the history of variation in effective population size along phylogenies [NEW RESULTS]The nearly-neutral theory predicts specific relations between effective population size (Ne), and patterns of divergence and polymorphism, which depend on the shape of the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of new mutations. However, testing these relations is not straightforward since Ne is difficult to estimate in practice. For that reason, indirect proxies for Ne have often been used to test the nearly-neutral theory, although with mixed re
- Genomic analyses of population structure reveal metabolism as a primary driver of local adaptation in Daphnia pulex. [NEW RESULTS]Elucidating population structure is important for understanding evolutionary features of an organism. In the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia pulex, previous studies using a small number of molecular markers indicated that genetic differentiation among populations is high. However, the dispersal ability of D. pulex is potentially high, and evolutionary forces shaping genetic differentiation among populations are not understood well. In this stu
- Fluorescence photography of patterns and waves of bacterial adaptation at high antibiotic doses [NEW RESULTS]Fisher suggested advantageous genes would spread through populations as a wave so we sought genetic waves in evolving populations, as follows. By fusing a fluorescent marker to a drug efflux protein (AcrB) whose expression provides Escherichia coli with resistance to some antibiotics, we quantified the evolution and spread of drug-resistant E. coli through spacetime using image analysis and quantitative PCR. As is done in hospitals routinely, we
- Environmental correlates of the European common toad hybrid zone [NEW RESULTS]The interplay between intrinsic (development, physiology, behavior) and extrinsic (landscape features, climate) factors determines the outcome of admixture processes in hybrid zones, in a continuum from complete genetic merger to full reproductive isolation. Here we assess the role of environmental correlates in shaping admixture patterns in the long hybrid zone formed by the toads Bufo bufo and B. spinosus in western Europe. We used species-spec
- Demography and natural selection have shaped genome-wide variation in the widely distributed conifer Norway Spruce (Picea abies) [NEW RESULTS]Under the neutral theory, species with larger effective population sizes are expected to harbour higher genetic diversity. However, across a wide variety of organisms, the range of genetic diversity is orders of magnitude more narrow than the range of effective population size. This observation has become known as Lewontin's paradox and although aspects of this phenomenon have been extensively studied, the underlying causes for the paradox remain
- The evolution of competitive ability for essential resources [NEW RESULTS]Competition for limiting resources is among the most fundamental ecological interactions and has long been considered a key driver of species coexistence and biodiversity. Species' minimum resource requirements, their R*, are key traits that link individual physiological demands to the outcome of competition. However, a major question remains unanswered -- to what extent are species' competitive traits able to evolve in response to resource limit
- Natural selection drives population divergence for local adaptation in a wheat pathogen [NEW RESULTS]Evolution favors the emergence of locally-adapted optimum phenotypes that are likely to differ across a wide array of environmental conditions. The emergence of favorable adaptive characteristics is accelerated in agricultural pathogens due to the unique properties of agro-ecosystems. We performed a QST - FST comparison using 164 strains of Parastagonospora nodorum sampled from eight global field populations to disentangle the predominant evoluti
- Parasite dispersal influences introgression rate [NEW RESULTS]Organisms vary in their dispersal abilities, and these differences can have important biological consequences, such as impacting the likelihood of hybridization events. However, the factors shaping the frequency of hybridization are still poorly understood, and therefore how dispersal ability affects the opportunities for hybridization is still unknown. Here, using the ecological replicate system of dove wing and body lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera)
- Urbanization and market-integration have strong, non-linear effects on cardio-metabolic health in the Turkana [NEW RESULTS]Cardio-metabolic disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, with high prevalence in western, industrialized societies relative to developing nations and subsistence-level populations. This stark difference has been attributed to the dietary and lifestyle changes associated with industrialization, but current work has relied on health comparisons between separate, genetically distinct populations to draw conclusions. To more robustly determine
- Experimental evolution of independent genetic pathways for resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity within the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei [NEW RESULTS]Pathogenic host-microbe interactions can result from continuous evolution of a host's ability to resist infection and a pathogen's ability to survive and replicate. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile and opportunistic pathogen, ubiquitous in the environment, and capable of damaging plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates. Previous studies in nematodes suggest that the pathogenic effects of P. aeruginosa can result from multiple distinct pathway
- Competition and diversity determine vaccine impact on antibiotic resistance evolution [NEW RESULTS]Bacterial vaccines can protect recipients from contracting potentially antibiotic-resistant infections. But by altering the selective balance between sensitive and resistant strains, vaccines may also help suppress--or spread--antibiotic resistance among unvaccinated individuals. Predicting the outcome requires knowing the drivers of resistance evolution. Using mathematical modelling, we identify competition and diversity as key mediators of resi
- Champagne: Whole-genome phylogenomic character matrix method places Myomorpha basal in Rodentia [NEW RESULTS]We present Champagne, a whole-genome method for generating character matrices for phylogenomic analysis using large genomic events that, by rigorously picking orthologous genes and locating large, virtually homoplasy-free insertion and deletion events, delivers a character matrix that outperforms existing morphological and nucleotide-based matrices on both established phylogenies, and difficult-to-resolve nodes in the mammalian tree. Champagne ha
Journal of Surgical Case Reports - current issue
- A rare case of spontaneous splenic rupture complicated by hemophilia AAbstractSplenic lymphangiomas are benign neoplasms resulting from congenital malformations of lymphatic channels manifesting as cystic lesions, occurring mostly in childhood. This process usually involves additional sites in a diffuse or multifocal fashion but although rare, can also present isolated to the spleen. The clinical picture varies from asymptomatic identified incidentally to nonspecific symptoms from compression of adjacent organs. Sp
- A unique case of congenital transmesocolic hernia with malrotation in a 25-year-old female: a case reportAbstractCongenital transmesocolic hernia of the transverse colon is a very rare type of internal hernia. In addition, intestinal malrotation is very rare in adults. Most of these patients do not have clear clinical manifestations. Incidence of congenital transmesocolic hernia of the transverse colon along with malrotation is an unusual phenomenon in medical literature and clinical practice. Here, we report a unique case of a 25-year-old woman dia
- Unusual osseous metaplasia following hernia repair with Prolene mesh: a case reportABSTRACTThe use of Prolene mesh for repair of various hernias is very common. As with any surgical procedure, it can be associated with complications such as seroma, hematoma and wound infection. However, it is uncommon to develop heterotopic ossification following incisional hernia repair with Prolene mesh. Herein, we report a case with chronic abdominal pain secondary to heterotopic ossification occurring after incisional hernia repair with Pro
- Mischievous gastric band port: a rare and delayed presentationAbstractBowel perforation is a rare and unusual complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) insertion, which if left undiagnosed can have potentially fatal consequences. We present the first case ever published of a delayed presentation of small-bowel perforation secondary to a laparoscopic port insertion. A young woman presented to Emergency Department with intermittent vague abdominal pain for 5 months, on the background of havi
- A case report of necrotizing fasciitis with growth of Actinomyces europaeus and Actinotignum schaaliiAbstractActinomyces europeaeus and Actinotignum schaalii are two facultative anaerobes that are common contaminants of human flora; namely the urinary tract, the female genital tract and the gastrointestinal tract. A. europeaeus has been linked with abscesses, decubitus ulcers and purulent urethritis, while A. schaalii has been associated with urinary tract infections, bacteremia and Fournier’s gangrene. Here we present a case report of an 84-yea
- Inferior vena cava resection without reconstruction for retroperitoneal malignanciesABSTRACTInferior vena cava (IVC) involvement in retroperitoneal malignancies is a rare occurrence and radical surgery with major vascular resection represents the only potential curative treatment. IVC replacement after resection is still controversial and only small series and few prospective data are available. We report a series of three patients affected by retroperitoneal masses involving IVC treated with vena cava resection without replacem
- Spinal extradural arachnoid cyst in a child—a case reportABSTRACTExtradural spinal arachnoid cysts are rare lesions. They frequently communicate with the subarachnoid space through a defect in the dura. Symptoms result from compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with extradural spinal arachnoid cyst who had complete surgical excision with good outcome.
- Gastric necrosis late after a Collis-Nissen procedureAbstractA Nissen procedure is an efficient surgical approach to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is sometimes combined with a Collis gastroplasty to lengthen the functional distal esophagus to allow a 360° Nissen fundoplication without tension. We present the case of a 76-year-old female patient, with a history of a Collis-Nissen procedure, who developed extensive gastric necrosis after ingesting a significant quantity of maize. She unde
- Hepatic rupture in HELLP syndromeAbstractHELLP syndrome is a rare complication of pregnancy that may result in serious consequences such as hepatic rupture, one of the most feared and potentially life-threatening complications. This article aims to carry out a literature review on hepatic rupture in the context of HELLP syndrome as well as to present two clinical cases.
- Sex differentiation and a chromosomal inversion lead to cryptic diversity in Lake Tanganyika sardines [NEW RESULTS]Two endemic sardines in Lake Tanganyika, Limnothrissa miodon and Stolothrissa tanganicae, are important components of the lake's total annual fishery harvest. These two species along with four endemic Lates species represent the dominant species in Lake Tanganyika's pelagic fish community, in contrast to the complex pelagic communities in nearby Lake Malawi and Victoria. We use reduced representation genomic sequencing methods to gain a better un
Case Reports in Oncology
- Prolonged Response to Regorafenib in a Patient with Iodine Refractory Thyroid CancerThyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy. Cornerstones of thyroid cancer treatment include surgery, radioactive iodine ablation, and thyroid stimulating hormone suppression. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend two tyrosine kinase inhibitors for thyroid cancer patients who are non-responsive to iodine: sorafenib and lenvatinib. Another oral kinase inhibitor, regorafenib, is not considered standard o
- Clinical Management of Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Lacrimal GlandTo report a case of acinic cell carcinoma occurred in the lacrimal gland. A 59-year-old man was admitted because of sudden blurring of vision, progressive proptosis of the left eye, and mild double vision in left and down directions of the gaze (Hess-Lancaster test). His medical history detailed controlled bilateral keratoconus and open angle glaucoma. On examination, the best corrected visual acuity decreased from 8/20 till 1/50 in one week. The
Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology
BMC Research Notes
- Prevalence of sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait among children admitted to Al Fashir Teaching Hospital North Darfur State, SudanIt is estimated that 50% to 90% of infants born with (SCA) in sub-Saharan Africa die before 5 years old. Northern Darfur State at western Sudan region has a multiethnic population with a high frequency of sick...
- University students’ alcohol use behaviour and self-efficacy to abstain from alcohol use: data from GhanaThe university students’ alcohol use behaviour and alcohol use self-efficacy data were collected among Ghanaian university students. This survey had two main objectives: (a) to examine the factorial validity, ...
- Optimized fixation of actin filaments for improved indirect immunofluorescence staining of rickettsiaeThe objective was to investigate fixative solutions: 3.7% formaldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde in the cytoskeletal buffer and 4% paraformaldehyde in PHEM buffer (containing PIPES, HEPES, EGTA...
- Intentions to leave and associated factors among laboratory professionals working at Amhara National Regional State public hospitals, Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional studyLaboratory professionals play a vital role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. Knowledge of workplace variables that either motivates staff to keep working or quit their jobs is important f...
ScienceDirect Publication: Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger
- Anatomical study and clinical application of medial sural artery perforator flap for oral cavity reconstructionPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer AnzeigerAuthor(s): Qiu-wangyue Sun, Peng-fei Gao, Chen-xing Wang, Xiao-meng Song, Xu Ding, huai-qi Li, He-ming Wu, Cheng Jie, Yu-nong Wu, Ye Yuan, jin-hai YeAbstractThe present study aims to provide anatomical evidence for clinical application of the medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap. The current study investigated the vascular anatomy of the flap,
- Event-related potentials following contraction of respiratory muscles in pre-term and full-term infantsPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Clinical NeurophysiologyAuthor(s): Kimberley Whitehead, Laura Jones, Maria Pureza Laudiano-Dray, Judith Meek, Lorenzo FabriziAbstractObjectiveInvoluntary isolated body movements are prominent in pre-term and full-term infants. Proprioceptive and tactile afferent feedback following limb muscle contractions is associated with somatotopic EEG responses. Involuntary contractions of respiratory
- Poor working memory performance in healthy elderly adults with electroencephalographic risk of cognitive decline affects syntactic processingPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Clinical NeurophysiologyAuthor(s): Graciela Catalina Alatorre-Cruz, Juan Silva-Pereyra, Thalía Fernández, Mario A. Rodríguez- CamachoAbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of working memory (WM) load and gender agreement on sentence processing as a function of the electroencephalographic risk (i.e., abnormally high values of theta absolute power) of cognitive decline in older adults.Metho
- An alternative to the procedural ∼ declarative memory account of developmental language disorderPublication date: Available online 15 October 2019Source: Journal of Communication DisordersAuthor(s): Lisa Goffman, Lou Ann Gerken
Πέμπτη 17 Οκτωβρίου 2019
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