Head & Neck
- Review of emerging biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in the era of immunotherapy and targeted therapyAbstract Background Biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) emerge rapidly in recent years, especially for new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Methods Recent, relevant peer‐reviewed evidence were critically reviewed and summarized. Results This review article briefly introduces essential biomarker concepts, including purposes and classifications (predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic markers), and the
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Current landscape and future directionsAbstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can reinvigorate T cells and activate the immune system to eliminate cancer cells. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis. The roles of ICIs for HNSCC treatments are emerging. Method We reviewed the study results of Programmed‐Death 1 (PD‐1) and PD‐ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) monoclonal antibodies for HNSCC. The ongoing trials of anti‐PD‐1 and anti
- Novel immune‐modulating drugs for advanced head and neck cancerAbstract Background Recently, two anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint inhibitors, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for patients who fail on platinum‐based chemotherapy. However, overall response and progression‐free survival are still limited, and multiple novel agents are under development to fulfill this unmet clinical need. Methods Publications between 1992 and 2019 regarding the immunolo
- Rapid head and neck tissue identification in thyroid and parathyroid surgery using optical coherence tomographyAbstract Background Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that may reproduce the microarchitecture of tissues in real‐time. This study examines whether OCT can render distinct images of thyroid, parathyroid glands, adipose tissue, and lymph nodes in both healthy and pathological states. Methods Twenty‐seven patients undergoing thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and/or neck dissection for thyroid cancer were
- Upregulated NPM1 is an independent biomarker to predict progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in TaiwanAbstract Background Nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family 1 (NPM1) has broad physiological functions, such as DNA replication, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, and centrosome replication. This study explored the clinicopathological importance of NPM1 as a prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods We collected specimens from 96 OSCC, 45 oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), and 29 normal oral mucosa (NOM). NPM1 expres
- Probe‐based fluorescence dosimetry of an antibody‐dye conjugate to identify head and neck cancer as a first step to fluorescence‐guided tissue preselection for pathological assessmentAbstract Background Despite the rapid growth of fluorescence imaging, accurate sampling of tissue sections remains challenging. Development of novel technologies to improve intraoperative assessment of tissue is needed. Methods A novel contact probe‐based fluorescence dosimeter device, optimized for IRDye800CW quantification, was developed. After evaluation of the device in a phantom setup, its clinical value was defined ex vivo in pati
- Effects of oral and oropharyngeal cancer on speech intelligibility using acoustic analysis: Systematic reviewAbstract Background The development of automatic tools based on acoustic analysis allows to overcome the limitations of perceptual assessment for patients with head and neck cancer. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of literature describing the effects of oral and oropharyngeal cancer on speech intelligibility using acoustic analysis. Methods Two databases (PubMed and Embase) were surveyed. The selection process, a
- Gastrostomy utilization by oropharyngeal cancer patients is partially driven by swallowing functionObjective Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) incidence is rapidly increasing, as are survival rates, in large part due to the human papillomavirus (HPV). Treatment intensity, however, has remained unchanged, making treatment‐related toxicity (i.e., dysphagia) a critical problem for an increasing number of patients. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether pretreatment objective swallowing measures can predict percu
- Frequency of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage relative to time of dayObjectives Postoperative hemorrhage is a serious complication of tonsillectomy, with secondary bleeding rates affecting up to 0.8% to 3% of patients. Although these bleeds are anecdotally perceived as occurring more frequently at night, the occurrence of hemorrhage relative to the time of day has not been investigated. We measured the frequency of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage onset relative to the time of day. Methods We reviewed electron
- Cryosurgical ablation for treatment of rhinitis: A prospective multicenter studyObjective To assess the efficacy and safety of cryoablation of the posterior nasal nerve (PNN) for treatment of chronic rhinitis. Methods This was a prospective single‐arm trial of 98 adult patients at six U.S. centers with chronic allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. PNN cryoablation was performed in‐office under local anesthesia using a handheld device. Patients discontinued use of intranasal ipratropium 3 days prior to treatment and throu
- Live porcine model for surgical training in tracheostomy and open‐airway surgeryObjectives/Hypothesis To evaluate the validity of a live porcine model for surgical training in tracheostomy and open‐airway surgery. Study Design Prospective observational study. Methods Eleven expert otolaryngologists–head and neck surgeons rated a live porcine model's realism/anatomical accuracy (face validity) and perceived effectiveness as a training tool (content validity) for tracheostomy and laryngotracheoplasty using anterio
- Elevated troponin: A marker for noncardiac complications after resection of head and neck cancersObjective To examine if troponin positivity (TP) in patients who undergo head and neck cancer mucosal resections (HNS) predicts noncardiac complications (NCC). Background Major HNSs are arduous operations that place stress on the patient's hemodynamic system. TP after noncardiac surgery previously has been shown in up to 25% of patients, which may signal cardiac complications (CC) or NCC. Although CC after HNS has been observed, no study h
- Total endoscopic stapes surgery: Systematic review and pooled analysis of audiological outcomesObjective This study evaluates the current evidence base for total endoscopic stapes surgery, specifically to establish current efficacy and safety of the technique within clinical practice. Data Sources A systematic review of the literature on endoscopic stapes surgery was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis checklist. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Cent
- Laryngeal adductor function following potassium titanyl phosphate laser welding of the recurrent laryngeal nerveObjectives/Hypothesis Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) transection injuries may occur during thyroidectomy and other surgical procedures. Laser nerve welding has been shown to cause less technique‐related axonal damage than the traditional suture method. We compared functional adductor results using these two methods of RLN repair. Study Design Animal model. Methods Canine hemilarynges underwent pretreatment testing of laryngeal adduc
- Weight gain velocity as a predictor of severe obstructive sleep apnea among obese adolescentsObjectives/Hypothesis To evaluate a cohort of obese adolescents with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to determine if increased yearly weight gain was a predictor of severe OSA. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Obese adolescents (body mass index percentile >95% for that age and sex based upon the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention weight classifications), ages 12 to 17 years, referred for full night polysomnograp
Behavioural Brain Research
- Long-term cognitive impairment without diffuse axonal injury following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in ratsPublication date: Available online 30 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Sai Ambika Tadepalli, Zsolt Kristóf Bali, Nóra Bruszt, Lili Veronika Nagy, Krisztina Amrein, Bálint Fazekas, András Büki, Endre Czeiter, István HernádiAbstractRepetitive mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) impair cognitive abilities and increase risk of neurodegenerative disorders in humans. We developed two repetitive mild TBI models in rats with dif
- Dopamine and Norepinephrine Transporter Inhibition for Long-Term Fear Memory EnhancementPublication date: Available online 30 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Madeline M. Pantoni, Stephanie A. Carmack, Leen Hammam, Stephan G. AnagnostarasAbstractPsychostimulants are highly effective cognitive-enhancing therapeutics yet have a significant potential for abuse and addiction. While psychostimulants likely exert their rewarding and addictive properties through dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibition, the mechanism
- Longitudinal prognostic communication needs of adolescents and young adults with cancerBackground Although the majority of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer desire prognostic information, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding how preferences for prognostic communication change over time. Methods The current study was a longitudinal, prospective, questionnaire‐based cohort study of 136 AYA patients with cancer who were aged 15 to 29 years and who were treated at a large academic cancer center
- Dose‐dependent effect of aerobic exercise on inflammatory biomarkers in a randomized controlled trial of women at high risk of breast cancerBackground Increased levels of inflammation are associated with many diseases, including cancer. Physical activity can lower breast cancer risk as well as levels of inflammation. The Women In Steady Exercise Research (WISER) Sister trial was a randomized controlled trial that investigated the effects of a dosed, moderate to vigorous, aerobic exercise intervention on levels of inflammation in premenopausal women who were at high risk of developin
- BRCA testing in unaffected young women in the United States, 2006‐2017Background The discovery of the BRCA gene in the 1990s created an opportunity for individualized cancer prevention. BRCA testing in young women before cancer onset enables early detection of those with an increased cancer risk and creates an opportunity to offer lifesaving prophylactic procedures and medications. This study assessed trends in BRCA testing in women younger than 40 years without diagnosed breast or ovarian cancer (unaffected young
- Outcomes in patients with aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma after intensive frontline treatment failureBackground Salvage immunochemotherapy followed by high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard‐of‐care second‐line treatment for patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma after first‐line R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone). Outcomes after receipt of second‐line immunochemotherapy in patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas who relapse or are ref
Evolutionary Biology News -- ScienceDaily
- Aristocratic family trees became scientific modelBefore the French Revolution, family trees were reserved for the feudal upper classes, who used them to consolidate their social status. While feudalism broke down and family trees lost their old roles, the trees gained new functions as scientific models.
- Emotional functioning among children with neurofibromatosis type 1 or Noonan syndromeAbstract While neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and Noonan syndrome (NS) are clinically distinct genetic syndromes, they have overlapping features because they are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding molecules within the Ras‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Increased risk for emotional and behavioral challenges has been reported in both children and adults with these syndromes. The current study examined parent‐repor
- Trisomy 13 and 18—Prevalence and mortality—A multi‐registry population based analysisAbstract The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence, outcomes, and survival (among live births [LB]), in pregnancies diagnosed with trisomy 13 (T13) and 18 (T18), by congenital anomaly register and region. Twenty‐four population‐ and hospital‐based birth defects surveillance registers from 18 countries, contributed data on T13 and T18 between 1974 and 2014 using a common data‐reporting protocol. The mean total birth prevalence (i.e., LB
- Phenotypic expansion of POFUT1 loss of function mutations in a disorder featuring segmental dyspigmentation with eczematous and folliculo‐centric lesionsAbstract Appearance of mosaic disorders in thin Blaschko lines suggests that somatic mutations in keratinocyte precursors underlie their pathogenesis. Germline heterozygous mutations in POFUT1 gene cause Dowling–Degos disease (DDD), a skin disease that features flexural reticulated hyperpigmentation and follicular‐based lesions. POFUT1 mosaicism has not been described to date. Here, we describe a 9‐year‐old female with segmental hyper‐ and hypop
- Mutational spectrum by phenotype: panel‐based NGS testing of patients with clinical suspicion of RASopathy and children with multiple café‐au‐lait maculesChildren with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) may exhibit an incomplete clinical presentation, making difficult to reach a clinical diagnosis. A phenotypic overlap may exist with children with other RASopathies and also with other genetic conditions if only multiple café‐au‐lait macules (CALMs) are present. We present the validation and implementation into diagnostics of a custom NGS panel (I2HCP) for testing patients with a clinical suspicion of
- A novel homozygous CFAP65 mutation in humans causes male infertility with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagellaABSTRACT Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella(MMAF)is a rare autosomal‐recessive inherited disorder associated with male infertility. To date, 14 genetic causative genes have been identified in MMAF, which can only explain the genetic causes of approximately 60% of MMAF cases. Here, we report a man with primary infertility, who had a typical MMAF phenotype. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the patient and a hom
- Evaluating Empowerment in Genetic Counseling Using Patient Reported OutcomesABSTRACT Data about patient‐reported outcomes from cancer genetics services (CGS) are lacking but are essential to guide service evaluation and improvements. We measured improvement in empowerment, following genetic counseling in Singapore using a culturally‐adapted version of the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24); and sought to identify factors associated with change in empowerment. The GCOS‐24 was administered to 155 patients of the C
- A genetic risk score predicts coronary artery disease in familial hypercholesterolaemia: enhancing the precision of risk assessmentABSTRACT Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), however, risk prediction and stratification remains a challenge. Genetic risk scores (GRS) may have utility in identifying FH patients at high CAD risk. The study included 811 patients attending the lipid disorders clinic at Royal Perth Hospital with mutation‐positive (n=251) and mutation‐negative (n=560) FH. Patients were genotyped
- Targeted panel sequencing in pediatric primary cardiomyopathy supports a critical role of TNNI3ABSTRACT The underlying genetic mechanisms and early pathological events of children with primary cardiomyopathy (CMP) are insufficiently characterized. In this study we aimed to characterize the mutational spectrum of primary CMP in a large cohort of patients ≤18 years referred to a tertiary center. Eighty unrelated index patients with pediatric primary CMP underwent genetic testing with a panel‐based NGS approach of 89 genes. At least one pat
- Multiple Oscillatory Push–Pull Antagonisms Constrain Seizure PropagationObjective Drug‐resistant focal epilepsy is widely recognized as a network disease in which epileptic seizure propagation is likely coordinated by different neuronal oscillations such as low‐frequency activity (LFA), high‐frequency activity (HFA), or low‐to‐high cross‐frequency coupling. However, the mechanism by which different oscillatory networks constrain the propagation of focal seizures remains unclear. Methods We studied focal epilep
- Quantitative analyses of jaw‐opening muscle activity during the active phase of jaw‐closing muscles in sleep bruxismAbstract Rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), which is defined as three or more consecutive phasic bursts, accounts for a large part of sleep bruxism (SB). RMMA is thought to be characterized by co‐contraction, a jaw muscle activity in which jaw‐opening muscles contract during the active phase of jaw‐closing muscles, which is different from that during mastication. However, there has been limited information about co‐contraction. The aim
- Home versus laboratory assessments of melatonin production and melatonin onset in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep scheduleAbstract Recent evidence points toward an association between higher non‐visual sensitivity to light and a later circadian phase in young adults complaining of a delayed sleep schedule. Light exposure in the evening may therefore induce a larger suppression of melatonin production in these individuals, which might: (a) bias home estimates of melatonin onset; and (b) decrease sleep propensity at bedtime. In this study, we compared home and labora
- Insomnia symptoms predict the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms following an experimental traumaSummary Insomnia symptoms prior to traumatic event exposure predict the development of post‐traumatic stress symptoms. However, potential mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia and risk for post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms have not been prospectively tested. The current study used the trauma film paradigm to test whether insomnia symptoms prior to analogue trauma exposure predict subsequent analogue post‐traumatic stress d
- Functional flexibility in cortical circuitsPublication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 58Author(s): Jessica A CardinCortical networks receive a highly variable stream of inputs from internal and external influences, and must flexibly adapt their operations on a short timescale. Recent work has highlighted this state-dependent functional flexibility of cortical circuits and provided initial insights into underlying circuit-level mechanisms. Transitions fro
- Choice (-history) correlations in sensory cortex: cause or consequence?Publication date: October 2019Source: Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 58Author(s): Jakob H Macke, Hendrikje NienborgOne challenge in neuroscience, as in other areas of science, is to make inferences about the underlying causal structure from correlational data. Here, we discuss this challenge in the context of choice correlations in sensory neurons, that is, trial-by-trial correlations, unexplained by the stimulus, between the activity of
Audiology and neurotology
- Sustained-Release Triamcinolone Acetonide Hydrogels Reduce Hearing Threshold Shifts in a Model for Cochlear Implantation with Hearing PreservationIntroduction: In recent years, the preservation of residual hearing has become a major factor in patients undergoing cochlear implantation (CI). In studies attempting to pharmaceutically improve hearing preservation rates, glucocorticoids (GCs) applied perioperatively in many institutions have emerged as a promising treatment regimen. Although dexamethasone is most commonly used and has been applied successfully by various research groups, recent
- Hereditary Angioedema: looking for bradykinin production and triggers of vascular permeabilityAbstract Since the Osler's identification of the inherited nature of Hereditary Angioedema, a huge array of information was collected on pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. Over the last years, information grew fast and mutations in different genes, in addition to C1‐inhibitor, were found to be causative. All types are inherited as autosomal‐dominant traits with incomplete penetrance and little or no genotype‐phenotype correlation. As a resu
- Cinnamon extract inhibits allergen‐specific immune responses in human and murine allergy modelsAbstract Background Ceylon cinnamon has been shown to possess anti‐inflammatory properties in many diseases including allergic inflammation. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze in more detail the effects of cinnamon extract (CE) and its major compounds p‐cymene and trans‐cinnamaldehyde (CA) on allergen‐specific immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Methods Therefore, monocyte‐derived mature dendritic cells (DC) from gr
- GALP Qualifier Scale: Initial Considerations to Classify a Voice ProblemObjective: To propose a single qualifier scale for voice problems based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) that classifies a voice problem considering its multidimensionality. Method: A multicultural database was analyzed (280 subjects). The analyzed information was: the perceptual judgment of the overall voice quality (G); the acoustic analysis (A) with the Acoustic Voice Quality Index; the laryngeal
- Development and validation of a preclinical model for training and assessment of cerebrospinal fluid leak repair in endoscopic skull base surgeryBackground Achieving an effective endoscopic skull base reconstruction in case of large dural defects requires specific training and can be extremely challenging. The aim of this study was to describe the development and validation of a preclinical model for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair, which can be used for training and to test the mechanical efficacy of endoscopic skull base reconstruction. Methods Eleven fresh‐frozen cadaver h
- Calmodulin and protein kinases A/G mediate ciliary beat response in the human nasal epitheliumBackground Mucociliary clearance of the airway epithelium is an essential function for mucosal defense. We recently proposed a hypothetical mechanism of ciliary beat regulation, in which the pannexin‐1 (Panx1)‐P2X7 unit serves as an oscillator generating a periodic increase in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). In the present study, we examined the localization of Panx1 and P2X7 at the ultrastructural level, and investigated the regulatory pathway su
- A minimally invasive endoscopic transnasal retropterygoid approach to the upper parapharyngeal space: anatomic studies and surgical implicationsBackground Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for lesions in the parapharyngeal space. However, gaining access to the parapharyngeal space is often challenging. In this study we aim to describe a minimally invasive technique of approaching the upper parapharyngeal space through an endoscopic transnasal retropterygoid approach, based on anatomic studies and surgeries. Methods Six fresh human cadaver heads were prepared for anatomic s
- Effects of modifying visual inhaler spacer usage instructions on correct usage rate of untrained usersBackground Pressurized metered‐dose inhalers (pMDIs) used with spacers are considered the method of choice for delivery of inhaled drugs in preschool‐age children. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of modifying the visual inhaler spacer usage guidelines on the correct usage rate. Methods The parents and caregivers of patients <6 years old who were prescribed inhalers with spacers for the first time were included in our stu
- Endoscopic sinus surgery improves aspirin treatment response in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease patientsBackground Aspirin desensitization and treatment benefits most patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), although some patients fail therapy. Our objective was to assess whether recent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) improved aspirin treatment outcomes in AERD patients who initially failed aspirin therapy. Methods Outcomes of aspirin desensitization and treatment in AERD patients prospectively enrolled were assessed preo
Τρίτη 1 Οκτωβρίου 2019
Εγγραφή σε:
Σχόλια ανάρτησης (Atom)
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου